阅读说明：本技术 目标水域底泥测量系统及其方法 (System and method for measuring sediment in target water area ) 是由 王利军 王文冬 王艳梅 高晓薇 于 2019-04-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种目标水域底泥测量方法,属于淤泥测量和清淤工程计量技术领域。所述方法包括：获取目标水域的底泥的表面三维坐标；对所述底泥的不同相对位置设置采样点,在每个采样点处获取所述底泥的采样样本,并根据所述采样样本分析在所述每个采样点处的底泥深度,确定所述每个采样点在所述表面三维坐标中的采样点三维坐标,再通过所述底泥深度和所述采样点三维坐标生成所述底泥的底面三维坐标；利用所述表面三维坐标、所述底泥深度和所述底面三维坐标生成所述底泥的空间分布。(The invention provides a method for measuring bottom sediment of a target water area, and belongs to the technical field of sediment measurement and dredging engineering measurement. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the surface three-dimensional coordinates of the sediment of the target water area; setting sampling points at different relative positions of the sediment, acquiring sampling samples of the sediment at each sampling point, analyzing the depth of the sediment at each sampling point according to the sampling samples, determining the three-dimensional coordinates of the sampling points in the surface three-dimensional coordinates of each sampling point, and generating the bottom surface three-dimensional coordinates of the sediment through the depth of the sediment and the three-dimensional coordinates of the sampling points; and generating the spatial distribution of the sediment by utilizing the surface three-dimensional coordinates, the depth of the sediment and the bottom surface three-dimensional coordinates.)

1. A method for measuring sediment in a target water area is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1) acquiring the surface three-dimensional coordinates of the sediment of the target water area;

s2) setting sampling points at different relative positions of the sediment, acquiring sampling samples of the sediment at each sampling point, analyzing the sediment depth at each sampling point according to the sampling samples, determining the three-dimensional coordinates of the sampling points in the surface three-dimensional coordinates of each sampling point, and generating the bottom surface three-dimensional coordinates of the sediment through the sediment depth and the sampling point three-dimensional coordinates;

s3) generating a spatial distribution of the sediment by using the surface three-dimensional coordinates, the sediment depth and the bottom surface three-dimensional coordinates.

2. The method of measuring sediment in a target body of water of claim 1, further comprising:

s4) calculating the bottom sediment removal project amount according to the space distribution and the dredging project speed so as to complete the cost budget of the dredging project.

3. The method of measuring sediment in a target body of water of claim 1, further comprising:

s4), selecting a section, obtaining the section distribution of the layer distribution formed by the bottom sediment depth and the bottom surface three-dimensional coordinate by using the section, and guiding the construction of the dredging engineering by using the section distribution.

4. The method for measuring sediment in target waters of claim 1, wherein the step S1) comprises:

s101) setting measuring points at different relative positions of the water surface of a target water area;

s102) selecting a current measuring point from the measuring points, and obtaining a three-dimensional coordinate of the current measuring point by performing real-time dynamic positioning at the current measuring point;

s103) performing echo ranging from the water surface of the target water area to the surface of the sediment at the current measuring point to obtain the distance from the current measuring point to the projection point of the current measuring point in the surface of the sediment, then obtaining a measured three-dimensional coordinate according to the distance and the three-dimensional coordinate, and jumping to the step S102);

s104) when all the measuring points are traversed in the step S103), generating surface three-dimensional coordinates of the sediment by using all the measured three-dimensional coordinates.

5. The method for measuring sediment in target waters of claim 1, wherein the step S1) further comprises:

And acquiring a gradient set which corresponds to the three-dimensional coordinates of the surface and is used for analyzing the sediment surface distribution.

6. The method of measuring sediment in a target body of water of claim 5, wherein obtaining a set of gradients corresponding to the three dimensional coordinates of the surface for analyzing the sediment surface distribution comprises:

s111) selecting different water depths with equal difference characteristics, and determining a surface three-dimensional coordinate corresponding to each water depth;

s112) fitting the surface three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to each water depth to obtain a coordinate fitting curve corresponding to each water depth, and projecting the coordinate fitting curve into a reference plane to obtain projection curve sets of different water depths;

s113) acquiring a gradient set of the projection curve set relative to different reference directions, and analyzing distribution characteristics of the gradient set in a selected observation range.

7. The method for measuring sediment in target waters of claim 1, wherein the step S2) starting from the time the sediment depth at each sampling point is analyzed based on the sampled samples comprises:

s201) setting sampling points at different relative positions of the sediment;

s202) drilling and sampling are carried out on each sampling point, and a sampling sample corresponding to each sampling point is obtained;

S203) comparing the sampling sample with a preset sample standard to obtain the depth of the sediment at each sampling point.

8. The method for measuring sediment in a target water area of claim 7, wherein the step S202) comprises:

and drilling and sampling are carried out on each sampling point, and the sampling is stopped when the sampling is carried out until the sampling is carried out to one meter below the original soil layer, so that a sampling sample corresponding to each sampling point is obtained.

9. A system for measuring sediment in a target body of water, comprising:

the sampling device is used for acquiring surface three-dimensional coordinate data of the sediment in a target water area, setting sampling points at different relative positions of the sediment and acquiring sampling sample data of the sediment at each sampling point;

the computing equipment is used for receiving the sampling sample data and the surface three-dimensional coordinate data, analyzing the bottom sediment depth at each sampling point according to the sampling sample data, determining the sampling point three-dimensional coordinate data of each sampling point in the surface three-dimensional coordinate data and generating the bottom surface three-dimensional coordinate data of the bottom sediment according to the bottom sediment depth and the sampling point three-dimensional coordinate data;

The computing device is further configured to generate a spatial distribution of the sediment using the surface three-dimensional coordinate data, the sediment depth, and the bottom three-dimensional coordinate data.

10. The target water area sediment measurement system of claim 9, further comprising:

a display device;

wherein the computing device is further configured to present, via the display device, a perspective view of the spatial distribution, or present, via the display device, a bottom sediment topographic map comprised of the sediment depth and the bottom surface three-dimensional coordinate data, or present, via the display device, a cross-sectional view of the bottom sediment topographic map.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of sludge measurement and dredging engineering measurement, in particular to a system and a method for measuring bottom mud in a target water area.

Background

The lake and reservoir ecosystem is used as a main component of a natural ecosystem and has multiple functions of water source conservation, climate regulation, flood control, waterlogging reduction and the like. However, with the continuous input of exogenous pollutants and the gradual deposition of aquatic organism residues, a large amount of pollutants, such as nutrients such as heavy metals, nitrogen and phosphorus and toxic and harmful substances such as refractory organic matters, are enriched at the bottom of the lake and reservoir, and become an important secondary pollution source (namely pollution source) causing water pollution, so that the flood control and waterlogging reduction capability of the lake and reservoir ecological system is reduced, and when the content of the pollutants in the sediment of the lake and reservoir exceeds 2-3 times of the background concentration, the biodiversity of the lake and reservoir ecological system can be damaged, even the human health and living environment can be seriously threatened, and active and effective measures must be taken to thoroughly eliminate the pollutants.

Compared with the chemical control technology and the biological control technology of the lake and reservoir sediment, the lake and reservoir sediment dredging technology has the remarkable advantages of short engineering effective period, high sediment pollutant removal efficiency, no secondary pollution, capability of increasing the regulation and storage of the lake and reservoir, waterlogging reduction and the like, and is the most common method for the current deep-water lake and reservoir remediation and sediment pollutant control. The existing lake and reservoir sediment dredging technology usually adopts rough dredging construction modes such as dry dredging and dredging in dry seasons, namely mechanical equipment such as an excavator is adopted to conduct rough dredging on the lake and reservoir sediment, but the specific dredging depth, the dredging engineering quantity and the like lack relevant measurement and calculation analysis, technical support cannot be provided for early-stage scheme investment estimation and later-stage field guidance construction of the lake and reservoir dredging engineering, and relevant research on accurate measurement technology of the lake and reservoir dredging depth and the dredging engineering quantity needs to be urgently developed.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a system and a method for measuring the sediment of a target water area, and the prior art lacks a scheme which can be used for quantitative sediment, quantitative sediment removal engineering and quantitative sediment removal engineering cost budget, so that technical support cannot be provided for early-stage scheme investment estimation and later-stage field guidance construction of lake and reservoir sediment removal engineering.

In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring sediment in a target water area, including:

s1) acquiring the surface three-dimensional coordinates of the sediment of the target water area;

s2) setting sampling points at different relative positions of the sediment, acquiring sampling samples of the sediment at each sampling point, analyzing the sediment depth at each sampling point according to the sampling samples, determining the three-dimensional coordinates of the sampling points in the surface three-dimensional coordinates of each sampling point, and generating the bottom surface three-dimensional coordinates of the sediment through the sediment depth and the sampling point three-dimensional coordinates;

s3) generating a spatial distribution of the sediment by using the surface three-dimensional coordinates, the sediment depth and the bottom surface three-dimensional coordinates.

Specifically, the method further comprises:

s4) calculating the bottom sediment removal project amount according to the space distribution and the dredging project speed so as to complete the cost budget of the dredging project.

Specifically, the method further comprises:

s4), selecting a section, obtaining the section distribution of the layer distribution formed by the bottom sediment depth and the bottom surface three-dimensional coordinate by using the section, and guiding the construction of the dredging engineering by using the section distribution.

Specifically, step S1) includes:

s101) setting measuring points at different relative positions of the water surface of a target water area;

s102) selecting a current measuring point from the measuring points, and obtaining a three-dimensional coordinate of the current measuring point by performing real-time dynamic positioning at the current measuring point;

s103) performing echo ranging from the water surface of the target water area to the surface of the sediment at the current measuring point to obtain the distance from the current measuring point to the projection point of the current measuring point in the surface of the sediment, then obtaining a measured three-dimensional coordinate according to the distance and the three-dimensional coordinate, and jumping to the step S102);

s104) when all the measuring points are traversed in the step S103), generating surface three-dimensional coordinates of the sediment by using all the measured three-dimensional coordinates.

Specifically, step S1) further includes:

and acquiring a gradient set which corresponds to the three-dimensional coordinates of the surface and is used for analyzing the sediment surface distribution.

Specifically, acquiring a gradient set corresponding to the surface three-dimensional coordinates and used for analyzing sediment surface distribution, includes:

s111) selecting different water depths with equal difference characteristics, and determining a surface three-dimensional coordinate corresponding to each water depth;

s112) fitting the surface three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to each water depth to obtain a coordinate fitting curve corresponding to each water depth, and projecting the coordinate fitting curve into a reference plane to obtain projection curve sets of different water depths;

S113) acquiring a gradient set of the projection curve set relative to different reference directions, and analyzing distribution characteristics of the gradient set in a selected observation range.

Specifically, the step S2) starting to analyze the depth of the sediment at each sampling point according to the sampling sample includes:

s201) setting sampling points at different relative positions of the sediment;

s202) drilling and sampling are carried out on each sampling point, and a sampling sample corresponding to each sampling point is obtained;

s203) comparing the sampling sample with a preset sample standard to obtain the depth of the sediment at each sampling point.

Specifically, step S202) includes:

and drilling and sampling are carried out on each sampling point, and the sampling is stopped when the sampling is carried out until the sampling is carried out to one meter below the original soil layer, so that a sampling sample corresponding to each sampling point is obtained.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a system for measuring the sediment of the target water area, which comprises:

the sampling device is used for acquiring surface three-dimensional coordinate data of the sediment in a target water area, setting sampling points at different relative positions of the sediment and acquiring sampling sample data of the sediment at each sampling point;

the computing equipment is used for receiving the sampling sample data and the surface three-dimensional coordinate data, analyzing the bottom sediment depth at each sampling point according to the sampling sample data, determining the sampling point three-dimensional coordinate data of each sampling point in the surface three-dimensional coordinate data and generating the bottom surface three-dimensional coordinate data of the bottom sediment according to the bottom sediment depth and the sampling point three-dimensional coordinate data;

The computing device is further configured to generate a spatial distribution of the sediment using the surface three-dimensional coordinate data, the sediment depth, and the bottom three-dimensional coordinate data.

Optionally, the method further includes:

a display device;

wherein the computing device is further configured to present, via the display device, a perspective view of the spatial distribution, or present, via the display device, a bottom sediment topographic map comprised of the sediment depth and the bottom surface three-dimensional coordinate data, or present, via the display device, a cross-sectional view of the bottom sediment topographic map.

The invention realizes the mapping of lake and reservoir underwater topography, the drilling layered sampling and the analysis of river sediment pollutants, and synchronously completes the corresponding dredging design construction drawing while realizing the quantitative analysis of the dredging depth and the dredging engineering quantity, and the output result can provide corresponding technical support for early-stage scheme investment estimation and later-stage on-site guidance construction of the lake and reservoir dredging engineering;

the invention also realizes the analysis of the possible special terrains on the sediment surface through the gradient characteristics and the distribution characteristics of the gradient, and the special terrains are difficult to find through the sediment three-dimensional distribution and the sediment layer section distribution, such as huge stones, local stone beaches or gullies, so that the investment estimation and the construction guidance can be obviously influenced.

Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the embodiments of the invention without limiting the embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.