阅读说明：本技术 一种农用石膏粉及其改良贫瘠土壤的方法 (Agricultural gypsum powder and method for improving barren soil by using same ) 是由 杨兴 李泽钢 何信周 黄巧玲 徐立斌 陈尚伟 朱国良 周灵 罗通 陈亦苏 廖昶 于 2020-07-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于土壤改良技术领域,具体涉及一种农用石膏粉及其改良贫瘠土壤的方法,所述农用石膏粉用于改良贫瘠土壤,所述改良的方法,包括如下步骤：1)利用土壤杀菌剂采取喷淋或浇灌或拌合的方式之一处理贫瘠土壤；2)将粉碎秸秆和农用石膏粉一起撒铺于土壤表层,浇水至湿润后翻耕；3)将动物粪便和腐熟剂撒铺于土壤表层并进行深耕；4)腐熟30-60天,在腐熟期间翻耕2-3次,同时灌水至保持改良土壤湿润；充分利用工业副产物磷石膏,利用磷石膏所含的养分元素改善贫瘠土壤,同时防止了磷石膏对贫瘠土壤的污染。(The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to agricultural gypsum powder and a method for improving barren soil by using the same, wherein the agricultural gypsum powder is used for improving the barren soil, and the improvement method comprises the following steps: 1) treating the barren soil by using a soil bactericide in one of spraying, irrigating or mixing modes; 2) spreading the crushed straws and the agricultural gypsum powder on the surface layer of the soil, watering until the crushed straws are wet, and ploughing; 3) spreading animal waste and a decomposition agent on the surface layer of the soil and carrying out deep ploughing; 4) decomposing for 30-60 days, ploughing for 2-3 times during the decomposing period, and simultaneously irrigating until the improved soil is wet; fully utilizes the industrial byproduct phosphogypsum, improves the barren soil by utilizing nutrient elements contained in the phosphogypsum, and simultaneously prevents the pollution of the phosphogypsum to the barren soil.)

1. The agricultural gypsum powder is characterized in that the preparation method of the agricultural gypsum powder comprises the following steps:

1) emulsification: crushing gypsum to 100 meshes, immersing gypsum powder into industrial alcohol for 20-30min, adding a cellulose solution with the mass concentration of 20-40% and an emulsifier, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20-30min under the conditions of the power of 100-;

2) carbonizing: putting the gypsum powder obtained in the step 1) into a tube furnace, heating to 200 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and preserving heat for 45-60 min;

3) grinding: mixing and grinding the gypsum powder obtained in the step 2) and a surfactant until the mixture is sieved by a 600-mesh sieve, and then carrying out heat treatment for 15-25min in a saturated steam environment.

2. The agricultural land plaster of claim 1, wherein the gypsum comprises at least phosphogypsum, and the mass percentage of the phosphogypsum is more than or equal to 90%.

3. The agricultural land plaster of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is tween-80.

4. The agricultural land plaster of claim 1, wherein the cellulose solution contains 1-5% by mass of the phase change material.

5. The agricultural land plaster of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is tween-20.

6. An agricultural land plaster as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 for improving poor soils.

7. The agricultural land for improving barren soil by using the agricultural land plaster as claimed in claim 6, wherein the materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of barren soil, 5-50 parts of agricultural gypsum powder, 5-50 parts of straw, 1-20 parts of animal manure, 0.2-5 parts of a decomposition agent and 0.5-5 parts of a soil bactericide.

8. The method for improving infertile soil by using agricultural land plaster as claimed in claim 6 or 7, comprising the steps of:

1) treating the barren soil by using a soil bactericide in one of spraying, irrigating or mixing modes;

2) spreading the crushed straws and the agricultural gypsum powder on the surface layer of the soil, watering until the crushed straws are wet, and ploughing;

3) spreading animal waste and a decomposition agent on the surface layer of the soil and carrying out deep ploughing;

4) decomposing for 30-60 days, ploughing for 2-3 times during the decomposing period, and simultaneously irrigating until the improved soil is wet.

9. The method of improving poor soil with agricultural land plaster as claimed in claim 8, wherein the soil fungicide is a tobacco waste modification material.

10. The method for improving the poor soil by using the agricultural land plaster as claimed in claim 9, wherein the tobacco waste modified material is prepared by the following steps:

firstly, according to the water-material ratio of equal mass ratio, soaking tobacco waste in aqueous solution at 40-60 ℃ for 3-5h, and air-drying;

secondly, adding the air-dried tobacco waste into a microwave kettle containing ammonia water with the mass concentration of 1-5% according to the material-liquid ratio of equal mass ratio, and carrying out microwave treatment for 10-20min under the power of 220-300W.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to agricultural gypsum powder and a method for improving barren soil by using the same.

Background

Gypsum-based industrial solid wastes with high yield,The gypsum has the characteristics of more impurities and the like, so that the application range of the gypsum is greatly limited, and at present, the main application of the gypsum is embodied in building materials, cement products, chemical products, agriculture and other aspects; in agricultural application, the phosphogypsum is used most frequently, and contains elements such As phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, silicon, sulfur and the like required by crops, so that mineral elements in soil can be supplemented, the soil environment is improved, the fertilizing amount is reduced, hard shells on the surface layer of the soil are eliminated, the viscosity of the soil is reduced, the permeability of the soil is increased, and crop diseases are prevented, so that the phosphogypsum is mainly used As a saline-alkali soil conditioner and fertilizer, but the phosphogypsum is acidic and has single nutrient component and contains heavy metal and other pollution, the agricultural utilization of the phosphogypsum is greatly limited, meanwhile, the agricultural ecological pollution risk of the phosphogypsum, the fluorine pollution risk, the heavy metal pollution risk, the radionuclide pollution risk and the like are pointed out in the document' environmental safety risk of phosphogypsum agriculture 67%, 63%, 40% and 20%, respectively; the leaching concentration of Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr and Be is detected to exceed the IV-V water quality standard in the underground water quality standard (GB/T14848-2017), the risk of heavy metal pollution of soil and water exists, and about 20-40% of fluorine in phosphate ore enters phosphogypsum. The total fluorine content and the water-soluble fluorine content in the phosphogypsum are higher (the highest values are 20400 and 7500 mg/kg respectively)^-1) The ratio of the critical value of soil perfluoro and water-soluble fluorine exceeding the critical value of the soil perfluoro and the water-soluble fluorine exceeding the critical value of the soil in the area where the Chinese difluoro diseases occur is 89 percent and 100 percent respectively; the leaching concentration of the extract is detected to be far beyond the V-type water quality standard of underground water quality standard (GB 14848-2017), and the extract concentration of the extract is partially beyond the leaching limit (100 mg. L) of hazardous waste identification standard-leaching toxicity identification (GB 5085.3-2007)^-1) The risk of soil and water fluorine pollution exists, and the like, which fully indicates that the phosphogypsum cannot be directly used in the agricultural field.

In the aspect of agriculture, due to the influences of excessive planting, water and soil loss, excessive fertilizer application and the like, fertile soil in China is less and less, the barren soil is more and more, the barren soil is easy to harden, the permeability is poor, the fertilizer efficiency is low, the tiltability is poor, gypsum is rich in soil required elements, such as sulfur, calcium, silicon, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and other beneficial components, and a proper amount of modifier is doped in the gypsum to modify the barren soil to cultivate landscaping crops and greening engineering.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides agricultural gypsum powder and a method for improving barren soil by using the same, aiming at the defects of the prior art.

The method is realized by the following technical scheme:

an agricultural gypsum powder, the preparation method comprises:

1) emulsification: crushing gypsum to 100 meshes, immersing gypsum powder into industrial alcohol for 20-30min, adding a cellulose solution with the mass concentration of 20-40% and an emulsifier, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20-30min under the conditions of the power of 100-;

2) carbonizing: putting the gypsum powder obtained in the step 1) into a tube furnace, heating to 200 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and preserving heat for 45-60 min;

3) grinding: mixing and grinding the gypsum powder obtained in the step 2) and a surfactant until the mixture is sieved by a 600-mesh sieve, and then carrying out heat treatment for 15-25min in a saturated steam environment.

The emulsifying agent comprises the following components in parts by weight in an emulsifying system: 40-50 parts of gypsum powder, 50-70 parts of industrial alcohol, 4-7 parts of cellulose solution and 1.3-2.5 parts of emulsifier.

The gypsum at least comprises phosphogypsum, and the mass percent of the phosphogypsum is more than or equal to 90 percent.

Further preferably, the gypsum is a combination of phosphogypsum and titanium gypsum.

The emulsifier is tween-80.

The cellulose solution contains 1-5% of phase-change material by mass.

The phase-change material is any one or a combination of a plurality of palm alcohol, palmitic acid and capric acid.

The grinding is carried out, wherein the grinding system comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of gypsum powder and 1-3 parts of surfactant.

The surfactant is tween-20.

The agricultural land plaster is used for improving barren soil.

The agricultural gypsum powder improved barren soil is used as a nursery seedling culture substrate.

The method for improving the barren soil by using the agricultural land plaster comprises the following steps:

1) treating the barren soil by using a soil bactericide in one of spraying, irrigating or mixing modes;

2) spreading the crushed straws and the agricultural gypsum powder on the surface layer of the soil, watering until the crushed straws are wet, and ploughing;

3) spreading animal waste and a decomposition agent on the surface layer of the soil and carrying out deep ploughing;

4) decomposing for 30-60 days, ploughing for 2-3 times during the decomposing period, and simultaneously irrigating until the improved soil is wet.

The soil bactericide is a tobacco waste modified material.

The manufacturing method of the tobacco waste modified material comprises the following steps:

firstly, according to the water-material ratio of equal mass ratio, soaking tobacco waste in aqueous solution at 40-60 ℃ for 3-5h, and air-drying;

secondly, adding the air-dried tobacco waste into a microwave kettle containing ammonia water with the mass concentration of 1-5% according to the material-liquid ratio of equal mass ratio, and carrying out microwave treatment for 10-20min under the power of 220-300W.

In a system for improving barren soil by using agricultural gypsum powder, the materials are as follows in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of barren soil, 5-50 parts of agricultural gypsum powder, 5-50 parts of straw, 1-20 parts of animal manure, 0.2-5 parts of a decomposition agent and 0.5-5 parts of a soil bactericide.

Has the advantages that:

firstly, the industrial byproduct phosphogypsum is fully utilized, nutrient elements contained in the phosphogypsum are utilized to improve the barren soil, and meanwhile, the pollution of the phosphogypsum to the barren soil is prevented; what is the same technical principle of preventing soil contamination in the patent? Is the amount of incorporation low or surface modification of cellulose?

The gypsum powder has the effects of inhibiting bacteria, supplying nutrients, regulating humidity and temperature, has better freezing and thawing resistance and acid rain erosion resistance, can be used for nursery seedling culture, is used as an agricultural insecticide and a bacteriostatic agent, does not pollute soil when being applied to the soil with heavy metal dissolution rate, and meets the requirements of soil environmental quality standard (GB 15618-1995) after being applied to the soil for a long time. The concrete points are as follows:

1) the gypsum can be sterilized by soaking in alcohol, so that the decomposition and damage of microorganisms to cellulose are avoided;

2) the cellulose can form a porous film on the surface of the gypsum in the emulsification process, which is beneficial to controlling the migration condition of elements in the gypsum and simultaneously carrying out surface modification to prevent the gypsum from hydrating; the phase change material is added into the emulsification system, so that the freeze-thaw erosion resistance and the heat preservation effect of the gypsum powder are improved, the heat clearing effect of the gypsum is not influenced, and the temperature of a culture matrix can be reduced and the seedlings are prevented from being burnt when the temperature is high in summer; at low temperature, the gypsum powder has a heat preservation effect, and can avoid the cold injury and the freezing injury of seedlings; the poly-dopamine is added into the emulsifying system to be capable of cooperating with the gypsum, so that the bacteriostatic ability is enhanced, and meanwhile, the acid rain erosion resistance can be improved.

3) The polydopamine can be carbonized in the carbonization process, part of pores in the gypsum can be filled, carbon atoms are solidified in the pores, and the migration of free harmful substances in the gypsum is avoided;

4) tween-80 is used as a surfactant, so that the gypsum powder has flexibility, the surface smoothness and the fineness of the gypsum powder can be improved, the gypsum powder is favorable for quick grinding, and the grinding efficiency is improved by 5-8% compared with the conventional method; tween-20 is used as an emulsifier, and can form good affinity with a surfactant, so that a porous membrane can be formed on the surface.

5) The heat treatment of saturated steam can make the cellulose slightly expand and soften, and the softness of the gypsum powder is increased, so that the gypsum powder is beneficial to intermittent water storage when being used in a nursery.

6) The gypsum at least comprises titanium gypsum and citric acid gypsum, and the cellulose can form good coating on the gypsum surface under the catalytic action of residual titanium element in the titanium gypsum by utilizing the catalytic action of the residual citrate of the citric acid gypsum, so that the effect of preventing the migration and dissolution of pollutants in the gypsum is improved.

Secondly, the soil bactericide made of tobacco waste is added to kill germs and pests in the soil and improve the disease resistance or the tillering property of the soil;

the tobacco waste is soaked by water, so that the vascular bundles of the tobacco waste are swelled, the effective components in the tobacco waste provide migration space, the ammonia water is used for activating the tobacco waste in cooperation with the microwave, the light absorption capacity of the tobacco waste is enhanced, the effective components of the tobacco waste can be slowly released in the using process, and the long-acting nourishing effect is achieved. Therefore, the tobacco waste has beneficial insecticidal and bacteriostatic effects and humidity regulating effects, and is beneficial to nursery seedling.

Thirdly, the straw and the animal manure are fully utilized, and are recycled and valuably utilized, which is beneficial to the improvement of the natural environment.

Fourthly, precious land resources are fully utilized, the improved barren soil is used for nursery cultivation and greening engineering, and the problem of lack of planting soil is solved.

Detailed Description

The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.