阅读说明：本技术 一种抗应激甲鱼配合饲料及其制备方法 (Anti-stress soft-shelled turtle compound feed and preparation method thereof ) 是由 程杰 于 2020-07-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种抗应激甲鱼配合饲料。本发明公开了上述抗应激甲鱼配合饲料的制备方法,包括如下步骤：将木薯淀粉分散于水中,调节温度至80-85℃,搅拌糊化,冷却至60-75℃,加入柠檬酸继续搅拌,得到包膜缓释剂；将动物蛋白料、骨粉、贝壳粉、麦麸、玉米粉、豆粕、米糠粕、脱皮膨化豆粕、大米蛋白粉混合,调节含水量为20-40wt％,搅拌状态下加入鱼油、螺旋藻粉、碳酸氯钙、食盐、甲鱼复合预混料,得到预制料；将预制料膨化处理,制粒,烘干,然向上述颗粒料表面喷涂包膜缓释剂,继续加入紫苏叶粉搅拌均匀,干燥,再次进行喷涂包膜缓释剂,干燥得到抗应激甲鱼配合饲料。(The invention discloses an anti-stress soft-shelled turtle compound feed. The invention discloses a preparation method of the anti-stress turtle compound feed, which comprises the following steps: dispersing cassava starch in water, adjusting the temperature to 80-85 ℃, stirring for gelatinization, cooling to 60-75 ℃, adding citric acid, and continuously stirring to obtain a coated sustained-release agent; mixing animal protein material, bone meal, shell powder, wheat bran, corn flour, bean pulp, rice bran meal, peeled and puffed bean pulp and rice protein powder, adjusting the water content to 20-40 wt%, and adding fish oil, spirulina powder, calcium chloride carbonate, salt and soft-shelled turtle compound premix under stirring to obtain a prefabricated material; and (3) puffing the prefabricated material, granulating, drying, spraying the coated slow-release agent on the surface of the granulated material, continuously adding the perilla leaf powder, uniformly stirring, drying, spraying the coated slow-release agent again, and drying to obtain the anti-stress soft-shelled turtle compound feed.)

1. The preparation method of the anti-stress turtle compound feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, dispersing cassava starch in water, adjusting the temperature to 80-85 ℃, stirring for gelatinization, cooling to 60-75 ℃, adding citric acid, and continuing stirring to obtain a coated sustained-release agent;

s2, mixing animal protein material, bone meal, shell powder, wheat bran, corn flour, bean pulp, rice bran meal, peeled and puffed bean pulp and rice protein powder, adjusting the water content to 20-40 wt%, and adding fish oil, spirulina powder, calcium chloride carbonate, salt and the compound premix of the soft-shelled turtle under a stirring state to obtain a prefabricated material;

s3, puffing the prefabricated material, granulating, drying, spraying the coated slow-release agent on the surface of the granulated material, continuously adding perilla leaf powder, uniformly stirring, drying, spraying the coated slow-release agent again, and drying to obtain the anti-stress soft-shelled turtle compound feed.

2. The preparation method of the anti-stress turtle compound feed according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the mass ratio of the cassava starch, the water and the citric acid is 10: 50-60: 0.1-0.2.

3. The method for preparing an anti-stress turtle compound feed according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the mass ratio of the animal protein material, the bone meal, the shell powder, the wheat bran, the corn flour, the bean pulp, the rice bran meal, the peeled and puffed bean pulp, the rice protein powder, the fish oil, the spirulina powder, the calcium chloride carbonate, the salt and the turtle compound premix is 60-80: 8-16: 2-6: 10-20: 30-60: 15-25: 5-12: 10-20: 5-12: 1-2: 2-4: 0.2-1: 1-2: 1-3.

4. The method for preparing the anti-stress turtle compound feed according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the animal protein material comprises, by mass: 40-60% of fish meal, 15-25% of pig hemoglobin powder and the balance of fly maggot powder.

5. The preparation method of the anti-stress turtle compound feed according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the turtle compound premix takes rice hull powder as a carrier, and specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of rice hull powder, 0.01-0.04 part of iron, 0.01-0.02 part of copper, 0.01-0.02 part of zinc, 0.12-0.14 part of manganese, 0.002-0.008 part of iodine, 0.001-0.002 part of selenium, vitamin B₁0.01-0.02 part of vitamin B₂0.004-0.009 parts, vitamin B₆0.002-0.004 portion, vitamin B₁₂0.001-0.002 part, 0.015-0.02 part of nicotinic acid, 0.01-0.04 part of pantothenic acid, 0.005-0.01 part of folic acid, 0.002-0.008 part of biotin and vitamin K₃0.004-0.009 parts, vitamin D₃0.001-0.002 part and 0.02-0.07 part of vitamin E.

6. The method for preparing the anti-stress turtle compound feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S3, the temperature of the puffing treatment is 140-; drying until the water content of the granular material is 8-11 wt%.

7. The method for preparing the anti-stress turtle compound feed according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the mass ratio of the preformed material, the coated sustained-release agent and the perilla leaf powder is 100: 1-3: 2-4; the ratio of the mass of the coated slow-release agent for the first spraying to the mass of the coated slow-release agent for the second spraying is 20-30: 70-80.

8. The method for preparing an anti-stress turtle compound feed according to claim 1, wherein in the first spraying of the coated sustained-release agent in S3, a high-pressure spraying machine is used for spraying, the temperature in a liquid storage tank of the high-pressure spraying machine is 80-90 ℃, the spraying pressure is 0.1-0.16MPa, and the nozzle flow is 0.3-0.5 kg/min.

9. The method for preparing an anti-stress turtle compound feed according to claim 1, wherein in the second spraying of the coating slow-release agent of S3, a high-pressure spraying machine is used for spraying, the temperature in a liquid storage tank of the high-pressure spraying machine is 70-75 ℃, the spraying pressure is 0.02-0.08MPa, and the nozzle flow is 0.15-0.2 kg/min.

10. An anti-stress turtle compound feed, which is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of the anti-stress turtle compound feed according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic feeds, in particular to an anti-stress soft-shelled turtle compound feed and a preparation method thereof.

Background

In the intensive culture process of the soft-shelled turtles, the selection of feed is an important factor, at present, the soft-shelled turtle compound feed has unbalanced nutrition setting, deviation of freshness of raw materials, deviation of palatability and food calling of the feed, more residue of the feed in water, abuse of antibiotics and the like, so that the survival rate of the soft-shelled turtles is low, the anti-stress capability is low, white plates of soft-shelled turtles, leukoderma and enteritis are frequent, the specifications of the finished soft-shelled turtles are small, the culture yield and quality in unit area are low, the price of the finished soft-shelled turtles is not high, and the culture benefit of the soft-.

In order to reduce the use of antibiotics and the occurrence of white bottom plates, leukoderma and enteritis of soft-shelled turtles and improve the quality of the soft-shelled turtles, an anti-stress soft-shelled turtle compound feed is needed, the morbidity of the soft-shelled turtles is reduced, the specification and the quality of finished products are improved, and therefore the economic benefit of farmers is obviously improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides the anti-stress soft-shelled turtle compound feed and the preparation method thereof, which can obviously improve the anti-stress capability of soft-shelled turtles, reduce the white bottom plates, leukoderma and enteritis of soft-shelled turtles, improve the quality of the soft-shelled turtles and improve the economic benefit.

A preparation method of an anti-stress soft-shelled turtle compound feed comprises the following steps:

s1, dispersing cassava starch in water, adjusting the temperature to 80-85 ℃, stirring for gelatinization, cooling to 60-75 ℃, adding citric acid, and continuing stirring to obtain a coated sustained-release agent;

s2, mixing animal protein material, bone meal, shell powder, wheat bran, corn flour, bean pulp, rice bran meal, peeled and puffed bean pulp and rice protein powder, adjusting the water content to 20-40 wt%, and adding fish oil, spirulina powder, calcium chloride carbonate, salt and the compound premix of the soft-shelled turtle under a stirring state to obtain a prefabricated material;

s3, puffing the prefabricated material, granulating, drying, spraying the coated slow-release agent on the surface of the granulated material, continuously adding perilla leaf powder, uniformly stirring, drying, spraying the coated slow-release agent again, and drying to obtain the anti-stress soft-shelled turtle compound feed.

Preferably, in S1, the mass ratio of the cassava starch to the water to the citric acid is 10: 50-60: 0.1-0.2.

Preferably, in S2, the mass ratio of the animal protein material, the bone meal, the shell powder, the wheat bran, the corn flour, the bean pulp, the rice bran meal, the peeled and puffed bean pulp, the rice protein powder, the fish oil, the spirulina powder, the calcium chloride carbonate, the salt and the soft-shelled turtle compound premix is 60-80: 8-16: 2-6: 10-20: 30-60: 15-25: 5-12: 10-20: 5-12: 1-2: 2-4: 0.2-1: 1-2: 1-3.

Preferably, in S2, the animal protein material comprises, by mass: 40-60% of fish meal, 15-25% of pig hemoglobin powder and the balance of fly maggot powder.

Preferably, in S2, the turtle compound premix uses rice hull powder as a carrier, and specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of rice hull powder, 0.01-0.04 part of iron, 0.01-0.02 part of copper, 0.01-0.02 part of zinc, 0.12-0.14 part of manganese, 0.002-0.008 part of iodine, 0.001-0.002 part of selenium, vitamin B₁0.01-0.02 part of vitamin B₂0.004-0.009 parts, vitamin B₆0.002-0.004 portion, vitamin B₁₂0.001-0.002 part, 0.015-0.02 part of nicotinic acid, 0.01-0.04 part of pantothenic acid, 0.005-0.01 part of folic acid, 0.002-0.008 part of biotin and vitamin K₃0.004-0.009 parts, vitamin D₃0.001-0.002 part and 0.02-0.07 part of vitamin E.

Preferably, in S3, the expansion treatment temperature is 140-145 ℃, and the expansion treatment time is 10-20S; drying until the water content of the granular material is 8-11 wt%.

Preferably, in S3, the mass ratio of the prefabricated material to the coated sustained-release agent to the perilla leaf powder is 100: 1-3: 2-4; the ratio of the mass of the coated slow-release agent for the first spraying to the mass of the coated slow-release agent for the second spraying is 20-30: 70-80.

Preferably, in the process of spraying the coated sustained-release agent for the first time of S3, a high-pressure spraying machine is adopted for spraying, the temperature in a liquid storage tank of the high-pressure spraying machine is 80-90 ℃, the spraying pressure is 0.1-0.16MPa, and the nozzle flow is 0.3-0.5 kg/min.

Preferably, in the process of spraying the coated sustained-release agent for the second time of S3, a high-pressure spraying machine is adopted for spraying, the temperature in a liquid storage tank of the high-pressure spraying machine is 70-75 ℃, the spraying pressure is 0.02-0.08MPa, and the nozzle flow is 0.15-0.2 kg/min.

An anti-stress turtle compound feed is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the anti-stress turtle compound feed.

The invention has the following technical effects:

(1) in the S1, the cassava starch is gelatinized and crosslinked at the temperature of 80-85 ℃, and the crosslinking degree is controlled by citric acid, so that the toughness of the crosslinked cassava starch can be effectively improved; the coated slow-release agent is sprayed on the surface of the granular material to form a thin toughening layer, the coated slow-release agent is matched with perilla leaf powder to coat the granular material, then a layer of coated slow-release agent is coated on the outer layer of the coated slow-release agent, the feed disclosed by the invention can be effectively controlled in water by controlling the proportion of the two slow-release layers and the addition amount of the perilla leaf powder, the water soaking speed of the feed is slow, the feed firstly floats on the surface after being soaked in water so as to be convenient for turtles to eat, the uneatened feed is slowly soaked in water along with the prolonging of time, the feed begins to slowly sink, meanwhile, the phagostimulant can be released in the slow dissolving; the invention has no loss of nutrients in the water body, has little pollution to the culture water body, effectively protects the water resource and is beneficial to the healthy and sustainable development of the turtle culture industry;

(2) in S3, the preformed material is subjected to puffing treatment at 140-;

(3) the invention is specially limited for the raw materials of the feed, can ensure that the growth performance and the immune function of the soft-shelled turtle reach the optimal level, and has the following main nutrient contents:

31.8-34.2% of crude protein, 7.1-7.6% of crude fat, 32.5-35.5% of carbohydrate, 0.8-1.1% of methionine, 1.4-1.8% of lysine, 0.05-0.06% of vitamin C, 0.01-0.018% of vitamin E, 0.18-0.22% of choline, 0.5-0.9% of phosphorus, 0.001-0.003% of iron and 15.9-16.5MJ/kg of digestion energy;

the feed has the advantages that the raw materials are reasonably matched, the amino acid balance in the formula can be effectively ensured, the requirements of turtles on various nutritional ingredients are met, the anti-stress capability is strong, the feed conversion rate is high, the feed is easy to digest, absorb and utilize, the cost can be reduced, and the benefit is increased;

(4) compared with the common feed, the invention improves the anti-stress capability of the soft-shelled turtle, improves the survival rate by more than 15 percent, reduces the incidence rate of white bottom plates, leukoderma and enteritis of the soft-shelled turtle by about 10 percent, reduces the usage amount of antibiotics by more than 5 percent, and obviously improves the eutrophication of water body.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.