阅读说明：本技术 一种用于低频机械振动环境中无源电流检测的装置及方法 (Device and method for detecting passive current in low-frequency mechanical vibration environment ) 是由 邵伟华 于 2020-07-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于低频机械振动环境中无源电流检测的装置及方法,检测装置包括双芯导线、导线扣盖、调节装置顶部旋钮、悬臂梁固定端滑块、丝杠、侧方刻度线、悬臂梁传感器调节装置等,本案根据完全差分模型,推导出压电悬臂梁弹簧阻尼模型下的振动干扰力的表达公式,设计测量装置使得干扰振动力与电磁力均在同一方向上,通过读取两个悬臂梁传感器内的压电片读数来计算扰动环境下的电流值,该模型放大了2倍电压幅值并且完全消除双芯导线直流电流测量过程中的低频机械振动干扰,使得测量准确。(The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting passive current in a low-frequency mechanical vibration environment, wherein the detection device comprises a twin-core wire, a wire buckle cover, an adjusting device top knob, a cantilever beam fixed end slide block, a lead screw, a side scale mark, a cantilever beam sensor adjusting device and the like.)

1. An apparatus for passive current sensing in a low frequency mechanical vibration environment, comprising: the twin-core lead is positioned above the lead supporting end, the lead buckling cover wraps the twin-core lead and is fixedly connected with the lead supporting end, the lead supporting end is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, and the lead buckling cover is designed to be a tangent fitting structure near the centers of the two leads; two cantilever beam sensor adjusting devices are respectively arranged at two ends of the twin-core wire, the outer side of the cantilever beam sensor adjusting device at one end is connected with an encapsulated upper end cantilever beam sensor, the outer side of the cantilever beam sensor adjusting device at the other end is connected with an encapsulated lower end cantilever beam sensor, the encapsulated upper end cantilever beam sensor is positioned above the twin-core wire, and the encapsulated lower end cantilever beam sensor is positioned below the twin-core wire; the cantilever beam sensor adjusting device is fixed on the base and consists of an adjusting device top knob, an adjusting device shell, a cantilever beam fixed end sliding block, a lead screw and side scale marks; the adjusting device top knob is fixed at the top end of the adjusting device shell and connected with the cantilever beam fixed end sliding block through a lead screw, and the adjusting device top knob adjusts the position of the cantilever beam fixed end sliding block; cantilever beam stiff end slider removes on the lead screw, the lead screw is fixed in survey in the adjusting device shell, cantilever beam stiff end slider is connected with the cantilever beam sensor of encapsulation, the adjustable cantilever beam sensor of encapsulation of adjusting device top knob is located about two core wire central symmetry position.

2. An apparatus for passive current sensing in a low frequency mechanical vibration environment as defined in claim 1, wherein: the wire buckle cover is fixed at the wire supporting end by a bolt and a nut.

3. An apparatus for passive current sensing in a low frequency mechanical vibration environment as defined in claim 1, wherein: the packaged upper end cantilever beam sensor and the packaged lower end cantilever beam sensor are respectively composed of a packaging shell, a permanent magnet, a cantilever beam and a piezoelectric sheet; the permanent magnet is fixedly connected to the free end of the cantilever beam, the piezoelectric sheet is fixed on the cantilever beam, the polarity of the piezoelectric sheet is symmetrical about the Z axis, and the cantilever beam is positioned in the packaging shell; the permanent magnet of the packaged upper end cantilever beam sensor and the permanent magnet of the packaged lower end cantilever beam sensor have the same magnetic pole direction, so that when a wire to be tested is electrified, the bending direction of the cantilever beam synchronously faces to or is away from the double-core wire.

4. A passive current detection method used in a low-frequency mechanical vibration environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step (1) calibration process: assembling the equipment, and adjusting top knobs of the two adjusting devices to ensure that the two cantilever beam sensors are symmetrically placed about the two-core lead and ensure that a permanent magnet at the tail end of the cantilever beam sensor is in a linear interval of the current and magnetic field gradient of the two-core lead; connecting the tested wire to the standard DC current I₀Introducing low-frequency mechanical vibration of 1-50 Hz by a vibration exciter to carry out calibration measurement;

the calculation method of the current magnetic field gradient linear interval of the twin-core wire comprises the following steps:

the formula of the current magnetic field gradient on the vertical line in the double-line lead is as follows:wherein a isThe distance between the center of the double-core wire and the centers of the left and right wires, z is the longitudinal distance between the center of mass of the permanent magnet at the tail end of the cantilever beam sensor and the center of the double-core wire, and I is the current; detecting a linear regression decision coefficient R2 of the candidate interval to obtain a current magnetic field gradient linear interval; the electromagnetic force formula is as follows:

and (2) introducing the measured direct current I into the twin-core lead wire to carry out actual measurement, wherein the measured current I can pass through parameters related to the current detection device and the output voltage V of the piezoelectric patch_pThe process is as follows:

the vibration differential equation of the centers of mass of the permanent magnets at the tail ends of the two piezoelectric cantilever beam sensors established by the spring damping model is as follows:

in the formula: z is a radical of₁And z₂Respectively, the center of mass displacement of the permanent magnet at the tail end of the cantilever beam sensor at the lower end and the upper end, z₀The longitudinal distance from the center of the twin-core wire when the center of mass of the permanent magnet at the tail ends of the cantilever beam sensor at the lower end and the upper end does not vibrate, gamma is equivalent damping,is the square of the natural frequency of the beam model, F₀The magnitude of the force responding to the external vibration excitation, w is the frequency of the external vibration, G is the gravity of the permanent magnet, and m is the mass of the permanent magnet;

the solution of the system of equations is simplified in form:

wherein A is the influence coefficient of electromagnetic force, B is the influence coefficient of gravity of permanent magnet, C is the influence coefficient of external vibration force, and z is the influence coefficient under actual conditions₁And z₂Very small, the actual output voltage formula of the piezoelectric patch is:

in the formula: e_i: modulus of elasticity, E, of the materials of the layers_p: elastic modulus, I, of piezoelectric sheet_i: moment of inertia of the materials of the layers, A_i: cross-sectional area of X-Y plane, Z, of material of each layer_p: parallel distance between center of piezoelectric plate and neutral axis of cantilever beam in length direction, Z_i: parallel distance between the center of each layer of material and a neutral axis in the length direction of the cantilever beam, and l: length of piezoelectric sheet, L_m: length of permanent magnet, d₃₁: transverse piezoelectric constant, w_E: width of piezoelectric sheet, C_P: capacitance of the piezoelectric patch;

when the output voltage of the piezoelectric sheet 1 is subtracted from the output voltage of the piezoelectric sheet 2, the following conditions exist:

the result is 2 times of electromagnetic force output, eliminates the influence of external vibration, and simultaneously, the magnitude of current in the dual-core lead can be obtained according to the voltage output values read by the piezoelectric sheets in the cantilever beam sensor at the lower end of the package and the cantilever beam sensor at the upper end of the package.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of measurement, and relates to a high-precision high-sensitivity piezoelectric passive current detection device and method suitable for measuring direct current in a double-core wire in the environment with low-frequency mechanical vibration.

Background

MEMS technology is used as the leading-edge subject field with high crossing of multiple subjects, is rapidly developed in recent years, and has wide application in the fields of aviation, aerospace, biotechnology and the like. The technology can realize high quality, high yield and low consumption, greatly improves the reliability and intelligent function of the system, and becomes one of active development directions in the electronic field. With the higher requirements and mature technology of people, the application field and range of piezoelectric current sensors are more and more extensive. This requires that the piezoelectric current sensor can satisfy the requirement of maintaining sufficiently high measurement accuracy and sensitivity in various working environments with interference, i.e., can overcome the interference in the environment. The problem of parameter disturbance caused by the fact that interference vibration and electromagnetic force are not in the same direction exists in the prior art, and a calculation model in the prior art has large errors, so that low-frequency mechanical vibration interference in a direct current measurement process of a twin-core wire cannot be eliminated, and further, detection of passive current in a low-frequency mechanical vibration environment cannot be accurately carried out.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects and shortcomings, the invention provides a device and a method for detecting passive current in a low-frequency mechanical vibration environment.

A device for detecting passive current in a low-frequency mechanical vibration environment is characterized in that a twin-core lead is positioned above a lead supporting end, a lead buckling cover covers the twin-core lead and is fixedly connected with the lead supporting end, the lead supporting end is fixedly connected with a bottom plate, and the lead buckling cover is designed to be a tangent fitting structure near the centers of the two leads; two cantilever beam sensor adjusting devices are respectively arranged at two ends of the double-core wire, the outer side of the cantilever beam sensor adjusting device at one end is connected with an encapsulated upper-end cantilever beam sensor, the outer side of the cantilever beam sensor adjusting device at the other end is connected with an encapsulated lower-end cantilever beam sensor, the encapsulated upper-end cantilever beam sensor is positioned above the double-core wire, and the encapsulated lower-end cantilever beam sensor is positioned below the double-core wire; the cantilever beam sensor adjusting device is fixed on the base and consists of an adjusting device top knob, an adjusting device shell, a cantilever beam fixed end sliding block, a lead screw and side scale marks; the top knob of the adjusting device is fixed at the top end of the adjusting device shell and is connected with the fixed end sliding block of the cantilever beam through a lead screw, and the top knob of the adjusting device adjusts the position of the fixed end sliding block of the cantilever beam; the cantilever beam fixed end sliding block moves on the lead screw, the lead screw is fixed in the adjusting device shell for measuring, the cantilever beam fixed end sliding block is connected with the encapsulated cantilever beam sensor, and the encapsulated cantilever beam sensor can be adjusted by the knob at the top of the adjusting device and is positioned at the central symmetrical position of the double-core wire.

Preferably, the wire cover is fixed to the wire support end by a bolt and a nut.

Preferably, the packaged upper cantilever beam sensor and the packaged lower cantilever beam sensor are respectively composed of a packaging shell, a permanent magnet, a cantilever beam and a piezoelectric sheet; the permanent magnet is fixedly connected to the free end of the cantilever beam, the piezoelectric sheet is fixed on the cantilever beam, the polarity of the piezoelectric sheet is symmetrical about the Z axis, and the cantilever beam is positioned in the packaging shell; the permanent magnet of the packaged upper end cantilever beam sensor and the permanent magnet of the packaged lower end cantilever beam sensor have the same magnetic pole direction so as to ensure that the cantilever beam bending direction synchronously faces to or is away from the double-core wire when the wire to be tested is electrified.

A passive current detection method used in a low-frequency mechanical vibration environment comprises the following steps:

step (1) calibration process: assembling the equipment, and adjusting top knobs of the two adjusting devices to ensure that the two cantilever beam sensors are symmetrically placed about the two-core lead and ensure that a permanent magnet at the tail end of the cantilever beam sensor is in a linear interval of the current and magnetic field gradient of the two-core lead; connecting the tested wire to the standard DC current I₀Introducing low-frequency mechanical vibration of 1-50 Hz by a vibration exciter to carry out calibration measurement;

the calculation method of the current magnetic field gradient linear interval of the twin-core wire comprises the following steps:

the formula of the current magnetic field gradient on the vertical line in the twin-core wire is as follows:

wherein a is the distance between the center of the twin-core wire and the centers of the left and right wires, z is the longitudinal distance between the center of mass of the permanent magnet at the tail end of the cantilever beam sensor and the center of the twin-core wire, and I is the current; detecting a linear regression decision coefficient R2 of the candidate interval to obtain a current magnetic field gradient linear interval; for example, the lead wire with the RV6 model can be selected, and the selectable interval z is 4-6 mm; the electromagnetic force formula is as follows:wherein B is_rIs the residual magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, and V is the volume of the permanent magnet;

and (2) introducing the measured direct current I into the twin-core lead wire to carry out actual measurement, wherein the measured current I can pass through parameters related to the current detection device and the output voltage V of the piezoelectric patch_pThe process is as follows:

the vibration differential equation of the centers of mass of the permanent magnets at the tail ends of the two piezoelectric cantilever beam sensors established by the spring damping model is as follows:

in the formula: z is a radical of₁And z₂Respectively, the center of mass displacement of the permanent magnet at the tail end of the cantilever beam sensor at the lower end and the upper end, z₀The longitudinal distance from the center of the twin-core wire when the center of mass of the permanent magnet at the tail ends of the cantilever beam sensor at the lower end and the upper end does not vibrate, gamma is equivalent damping,is the square of the natural frequency of the beam model, F₀The magnitude of the force responding to the external vibration excitation, w is the frequency of the external vibration, G is the gravity of the permanent magnet, and m is the mass of the permanent magnet;

the solution of the system of equations is simplified in form:

wherein A is the influence coefficient of electromagnetic force, B is the influence coefficient of gravity of permanent magnet, C is the influence coefficient of external vibration force, and z is the influence coefficient under actual conditions₁And z₂Very small, for example RV6 wire, z₁And z₂The size is in micron order, and the actual output voltage formula of piezoelectric patches is:

in the formula: e_i: elasticity of the materials of the layersModulus, E_p: elastic modulus, I, of piezoelectric sheet_i: moment of inertia of the materials of the layers, A_i: cross-sectional area of X-Y plane, Z, of material of each layer_p: parallel distance between center of piezoelectric plate and neutral axis of cantilever beam in length direction, Z_i: parallel distance between the center of each layer of material and a neutral axis in the length direction of the cantilever beam, and l: length of piezoelectric sheet, L_m: length of permanent magnet, d₃₁: transverse piezoelectric constant, w_E: width of piezoelectric sheet, C_P: capacitance of the piezoelectric patch;

when the output voltage of the piezoelectric sheet 1 is subtracted from the output voltage of the piezoelectric sheet 2, the following conditions exist:

the result is 2 times of electromagnetic force output, eliminates the influence of external vibration, and simultaneously, the magnitude of current in the dual-core lead can be obtained according to the voltage output values read by the piezoelectric sheets in the cantilever beam sensor at the lower end of the package and the cantilever beam sensor at the upper end of the package.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: according to the scheme, an expression formula of vibration interference force under a piezoelectric cantilever spring damping model is deduced according to a complete difference model, the device is designed, when the interference vibration force and the electromagnetic force are in the same direction, the current value under a disturbance environment is calculated by reading the readings of piezoelectric patches in two cantilever sensors, the model amplifies the voltage amplitude by 2 times and completely eliminates the low-frequency mechanical vibration interference in the direct current measurement process of the twin-core wire, and the measurement is accurate.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. the method deduces an expression formula of the vibration interference force under the piezoelectric cantilever beam spring damping model, so that the model is more accurate; 2. the model is a complete differential model, and can completely eliminate low-frequency mechanical vibration interference in the direct current measurement process of the twin-core wire; 3. according to the measuring device designed by the model, the interference vibration force and the electromagnetic force are in the same direction, so that the interference problems of parameter vibration and the like are avoided, and the measurement is accurate.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric cantilever sensor according to the present invention;

in the figure: 1. a two-core wire; 2. a wire buckle cover; 3. a nut; 4. a bolt; 5. a wire support end; 6. adjusting a device top knob; 7. an adjustment device housing; 8. a cantilever beam fixed end sliding block; 9. a lead screw; 10. side scale lines; 11. a packaged upper cantilever sensor; 12. a packaged lower cantilever sensor; 13. a base; 1101. a package housing; 1102. a permanent magnet; 1103. a cantilever beam; 1104. a piezoelectric sheet; 14. cantilever beam sensor adjusting device.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.