阅读说明：本技术 一种钙钛矿/背接触晶硅叠层太阳能电池 (Perovskite/back contact crystal silicon tandem solar cell ) 是由 夏勇辉 孙涛 于 2020-08-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于太阳能电池技术领域,具体涉及一种钙钛矿/背接触晶硅叠层太阳能电池,包括顶电池和底电池；所述顶电池为钙钛矿太阳能电池；底电池为背接触晶硅太阳能电池；所述顶电池位于底电池的上端,所述顶电池包括主基层、吸光层、副基层；所述吸光层为两层；所述主基层包括石墨烯、电子传输层和氧化钼；所述副基层包括氧化镍和氧化铟锡；所述吸光层通过涂抹装置涂抹到主基层上；本发明中使用的涂抹装置通过一号电机改变型板的上端与矩形块的上端的距离,同时与二号电机带动刮块对型板的上端面刮动相配合,使得主基层能够在大规模涂抹吸光层的同时能够保证吸光层厚度的均匀性,从而提高了钙钛矿/背接触晶硅叠层太阳能电池的品质和生产效率。(The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell which comprises a top cell and a bottom cell; the top cell is a perovskite solar cell; the bottom cell is a back contact crystalline silicon solar cell; the top battery is positioned at the upper end of the bottom battery and comprises a main base layer, a light absorption layer and an auxiliary base layer; the light absorbing layer is two layers; the main substrate layer comprises graphene, an electron transport layer and molybdenum oxide; the secondary base layer comprises nickel oxide and indium tin oxide; the light absorption layer is coated on the main base layer through a coating device; the smearing device used in the invention changes the distance between the upper end of the template and the upper end of the rectangular block through the first motor, and simultaneously, the smearing device is matched with the second motor to drive the scraping block to scrape the upper end surface of the template, so that the main substrate layer can smear the light absorption layer in a large scale and simultaneously can ensure the uniformity of the thickness of the light absorption layer, thereby improving the quality and the production efficiency of the perovskite/back contact crystal silicon laminated solar cell.)

1. A perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell comprising a top cell (4) and a bottom cell (5); the method is characterized in that: the top cell (4) is a perovskite solar cell; the bottom cell (5) is a back contact crystalline silicon solar cell; the top battery (4) is positioned at the upper end of the bottom battery (5), and the top battery (4) comprises a main base layer, a light absorption layer (44) and an auxiliary base layer; the light absorbing layer is two layers; the main base layer comprises graphene (41), an electron transport layer (42) and molybdenum oxide (43); the secondary base layer comprises nickel oxide (45) and indium tin oxide (46); the preparation process of the perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing a main base layer: plating a layer of graphene (41) on the upper surface of an electron transport layer (42), and plating a layer of molybdenum oxide (43) on the lower surface of the electron transport layer (42) to prepare a main base layer, wherein the electron transport layer (42) is fullerene;

s2: application light-absorbing layer (44): putting a main substrate layer into a through groove (21) in a smearing device, enabling the surface plated with molybdenum oxide (43) to face upwards, pouring liquid perovskite into the through groove (21), starting a first motor (15) to drive a template (2) to adjust the thickness of a light absorption layer (44), starting a second motor (26) to drive a scraping block (3) to scrape off redundant liquid perovskite at the upper end of the template (2), cooling the liquid perovskite into a solid state, repeating the actions, smearing two light absorption layers (44) on the main substrate layer, and taking out the main substrate layer smeared with the light absorption layer (44);

s3: preparing an auxiliary base layer: plating a layer of nickel oxide (45) on one surface of the main base layer coated with the light absorption layer (44), and plating a layer of indium tin oxide (46) on one surface of the main base layer coated with the nickel oxide (45) to prepare a top battery (4);

s4: bonding and forming: bonding the surface of the top cell (4) plated with indium tin oxide (46) with the bottom cell (5) to form a perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell;

the smearing device used in the S2 comprises a substrate (1), a template (2), a scraping block (3) and a controller; the lower end of the base plate (1) is fixedly connected with four support legs (11), and a push plate (12) is arranged below the base plate (1); the cross section of the push plate (12) is in a rhombic shape, and four corners of the push plate (12) are fixedly connected with push rods (13); the shaping plate (2) is positioned right above the base plate (1), the push rod (13) penetrates through the base plate (1) and is fixedly connected to the lower end of the shaping plate (2), and the push rod (13) is in sliding connection with the base plate (1); the center of the push plate (12) is connected with a first screw rod (14) in a threaded manner, and a first motor (15) is arranged below the push plate (12); the first motor (15) is fixed on the support leg (11), and an output shaft of the first motor (15) is connected with one end of the first screw rod (14); a group of through grooves (21) are formed in the center of the shaping plate (2); the number of the through grooves (21) is at least two, the section specification of the through grooves (21) is consistent with that of the main base layer, and the rectangular blocks (22) are connected in the through grooves (21) in a sliding mode; the rectangular block (22) is fixed at the upper end of the substrate (1); a pair of edges of the shaping plate (2) is fixedly connected with four side plates (23); a sliding rod (24) is fixedly connected between two corresponding side plates (23); the sliding rod (24) is connected with the scraping block (3) in a sliding way; the lower end of the scraping block (3) is attached to the upper end of the shaping plate (2); a second screw rod (25) is rotationally connected between the other two corresponding side plates (23); the second screw rod (25) is in threaded connection with the scraping block (3); a second motor (26) is arranged on the side surface of the shaping plate (2); an output shaft of the second motor (26) is connected with one end of a second screw rod (25); the controller is used for controlling the smearing device to automatically operate.

2. The perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: the upper end of the shaping plate (2) is provided with a return groove (27); the through groove (21) is surrounded by the return grooves (27), and the middle parts of two opposite groove bottoms of one of the return grooves (27) are fixedly connected with the scraping plates (6); the scraper (6) is made of elastic materials, and the end part of the scraper (6) extends out of the upper end face of the shaping plate (2).

3. The perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 2, wherein: the end parts of the scraping plates (6) are arranged into two inclined planes; and one half of the inclined plane close to the through groove (21) is provided with a strip-shaped groove (61), and the other half of the inclined plane is provided with a knurl (62).

4. The perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 3, wherein: a groove (63) is formed in the inclined surface far away from the through groove (21); the groove (63) is rotationally connected with a rotating rod (64); the rotating rod (64) is sleeved with a flexible sleeve (65); the outer surface of the flexible sleeve (65) is provided with a V-shaped groove (66).

5. The perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 4, wherein: the outer surface of the flexible sleeve (65) is fixedly connected with four groups of baffle rods (67); at least two baffle rods (67) are arranged in each group, and the baffle rods (67) in each group are uniformly distributed on the outer surface of the flexible sleeve (65).

6. The perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 5, wherein: and two adjacent groups of the baffle rods (67) are contacted with the lower end surface of the scraping block (3) when the flexible sleeve (65) is attached to the scraping block (3).

7. The perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 6, wherein: the end part of the baffle rod (67) is fixedly connected with a blade (671); the blade (671) has a T-shaped cross-sectional shape.

8. The perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 7, wherein: a group of round bars (672) are hinged on the blade (671); at least two round rods (672) are arranged, and a knocking block (673) is arranged at the end part of each round rod (672); the specifications of two adjacent knocking blocks (673) are different.

9. The perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 8, wherein: the knocking block (673) is oval, one end of the knocking block (673) is larger than the other end of the knocking block, and the knocking block (673) is rotatably connected to the end part of the round rod (672).

10. The perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 9, wherein: springs (7) are arranged between the two sides of the scraper (6) and the groove wall of the return groove (27); one end of the spring (7) is fixedly connected on the wall of the return groove (27), and the other end is fixedly connected on the scraper (6).

11. The perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 10, wherein: one end of the spring (7) is fixedly connected with a first magnet (8), and the other end of the spring (7) is fixedly connected with a second magnet (9); the first magnet (8) and the second magnet (9) have the same magnetism.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell.

Background

Because the solar spectrum distribution is wide, only photons with the forbidden band width higher than that of a single-junction perovskite cell can be absorbed, so that the effective electric energy efficiency converted from light energy is low, and the S-Q efficiency limit of the perovskite cell is directly influenced; the multi-junction laminated structure of the solar cell can utilize light energy to the maximum extent, and is one of the ways of breaking through the limit of photoelectric conversion efficiency; the perovskite material has good absorption in green light and blue light, and the crystalline silicon has excellent absorption in red light and infrared light, so that the light absorption can be increased to the maximum extent and the power generation amount can be increased by combining the perovskite material and the infrared light; therefore, perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem cells gradually enter the field of scientists, and the efficiency of the novel structure tandem cell is expected to be more than 30%; at present, a laminated battery prepared from a perovskite battery and a monocrystalline silicon high-efficiency battery gradually shows efficiency advantages; in the preparation process of the perovskite solar cell, the light absorption layer of the perovskite solar cell is prepared by adopting an ultrasonic spraying method, and the spraying thickness of the spraying method is uneven, so that the light absorption of the perovskite solar cell is poor, and the performance of the perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the smearing device used in the perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell changes the distance between the upper end of the template and the upper end of the rectangular block through the first motor, and simultaneously, the smearing device is in scraping fit with the second motor to drive the scraping block to the upper end face of the template, so that the main substrate layer can be used for smearing the light absorption layer in a large scale and simultaneously ensuring the uniformity of the thickness of the light absorption layer, and the quality and the production efficiency of the perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell are improved.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell, which comprises a top cell and a bottom cell; the top cell is a perovskite solar cell; the bottom cell is a back contact crystalline silicon solar cell; the top battery is positioned at the upper end of the bottom battery and comprises a main base layer, a light absorption layer and an auxiliary base layer; the light absorbing layer is two layers; the main substrate layer comprises graphene, an electron transport layer and molybdenum oxide; the secondary base layer comprises nickel oxide and indium tin oxide; the preparation process of the perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing a main base layer: plating a layer of graphene on the upper surface of the electron transmission layer, and plating a layer of molybdenum oxide on the lower surface of the electron transmission layer to prepare a main base layer, wherein the electron transmission layer is fullerene; the preparation of the main base layer is completed in advance, so that the light absorption layer is convenient to coat, and the efficiency of preparing the top battery is improved;

s2: coating a light absorbing layer: putting the main base layer into a through groove in the smearing device, enabling the surface plated with molybdenum oxide to face upwards, pouring liquid perovskite into the through groove, starting a first motor to drive a template to adjust the thickness of the light absorption layer, starting a second motor to drive a scraping block to scrape off redundant liquid perovskite at the upper end of the template, cooling the liquid perovskite into a solid state, repeating the actions, smearing two light absorption layers on the main base layer, and taking out the main base layer smeared with the light absorption layers; the distance between the upper end of the template and the upper end of the rectangular block is changed through the first motor, and the scraping block is driven by the second motor to scrape and match the upper end surface of the template, so that the main substrate layer can ensure the uniformity of the thickness of a light absorption layer while the light absorption layer is coated on a large scale, and the quality and the production efficiency of the perovskite/back contact crystal silicon laminated solar cell are improved; the main substrate layer is coated with the two light absorption layers, so that the light absorption effect of the perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell is enhanced;

s3: preparing an auxiliary base layer: plating a layer of nickel oxide on one surface of the main base layer coated with the light absorption layer, and plating a layer of indium tin oxide on one surface of the main base layer coated with the nickel oxide to prepare a top battery; the transmission layer is made of nickel oxide, so that the transmission efficiency of electrons is improved, and the performance of the perovskite battery is further improved;

s4: bonding and forming: bonding the surface of the top cell plated with indium tin oxide with the bottom cell to form a perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell; the perovskite material has good absorption in green light and blue light, and the crystalline silicon has excellent absorption in red light and infrared light, so that the light absorption can be increased to the maximum extent and the power generation amount can be increased by combining the perovskite material and the infrared light;

the smearing device used in the S2 comprises a base plate, a template, a scraping block and a controller; the lower end of the base plate is fixedly connected with four support legs, and a push plate is arranged below the base plate; the cross section of the push plate is in a rhombus shape, and push rods are fixedly connected with four corners of the push plate; the shaping plate is positioned right above the base plate, the push rod penetrates through the base plate and is fixedly connected to the lower end of the shaping plate, and the push rod is in sliding connection with the base plate; the center of the push plate is connected with a first screw rod in a threaded manner, and a first motor is arranged below the push plate; the first motor is fixed on the support leg, and an output shaft of the first motor is connected with one end of the first screw rod; a group of through grooves are formed in the center of the template; the number of the through grooves is at least two, the section specification of each through groove is consistent with that of the main base layer, and the rectangular blocks are connected in the through grooves in a sliding mode; the rectangular block is fixed at the upper end of the substrate; a pair of edges of the template is fixedly connected with four side plates; a sliding rod is fixedly connected between the two corresponding side plates; the sliding rod is connected with the scraping block in a sliding way; the lower end of the scraping block is attached to the upper end of the shaping plate; a second screw rod is rotationally connected between the other two corresponding side plates; the second screw rod is in threaded connection with the scraping block; a second motor is arranged on the side surface of the shaping plate; an output shaft of the second motor is connected with one end of the second screw rod; the controller is used for controlling the smearing device to automatically operate; when the coating is used, the light absorption layer is prepared by adopting an ultrasonic spraying method, the thickness of the light absorption layer is uneven, so that the light absorption property is influenced, and the light absorption layer is prepared by adopting spin coating or magnetron sputtering, so that the coating is inconvenient for large-scale production; therefore, the working personnel of the invention puts the main substrate layer into the through groove, then pours the liquid perovskite into the through groove, the starting controller controls the first motor to work, the output shaft of the first motor is connected with one end of the first screw rod, the first motor drives the first screw rod to rotate, the central thread of the push plate is connected with the first screw rod, the four corners of the push plate are fixedly connected with the push rods, the push rods are in sliding connection with the base plate, the first screw rod drives the push rods to slide downwards along the base plate through the push plate, the end part of the push plate is fixedly connected with the lower end of the template, the downward sliding of the push plate drives the template to move downwards, the distance between the upper end of the rectangular block and the upper end of the template is reduced until the thickness required by the light absorption layer is adjusted, so that the redundant liquid perovskite overflows the through groove, the controller controls the second motor to rotate, thereby driving the second screw rod to rotate through the second motor, the scraping block is in sliding connection with the sliding rod, so that the second screw rod can drive the scraping block to slide along the sliding rod in a rotating mode, the lower end of the scraping block is attached to the upper end of the template, redundant liquid perovskite can be scraped away by the scraping block, the upper end face of the liquid perovskite in the through groove is parallel and level to the upper end face of the template, the template is cooled by workers, the perovskite is changed into a solid state from a liquid state, a light absorption layer is coated on the upper end of the main base layer, a first motor is started to drive the push rod to slide downwards along the template through the push plate, the distance between the upper end of the rectangular block and the upper end of the template is reduced to zero, the main base layer is moved to the upper end of the template, the workers take away the main base layer coated with the light absorption layer, and the stability of the push rod pushed by the push plate is improved by; according to the invention, the distance between the upper end of the template and the upper end of the rectangular block is changed through the first motor, and the scraping block is driven by the second motor to scrape and match the upper end surface of the template, so that the main substrate layer can ensure the uniformity of the thickness of the light absorption layer while the light absorption layer is coated on a large scale, and the quality and the production efficiency of the perovskite/back contact crystal silicon laminated solar cell are improved.

Preferably, the upper end of the shaping plate is provided with a return groove; the circular groove surrounds the through groove, and the middle part of one of the two opposite groove bottoms of the circular groove is fixedly connected with a scraper; the scraper is made of elastic materials, and the end part of the scraper extends out of the upper end surface of the shaping plate; when the scraping block is used, redundant liquid perovskite on the through grooves is scraped away by the scraping block and then scattered at the upper end of the template, so that raw materials are wasted, and meanwhile, the liquid perovskite attached to the lower end face of the scraping block cannot be collected; therefore, according to the invention, a worker starts a second motor to drive the scraping block to scrape the upper end face of the shaping plate, because the upper end of the shaping plate is provided with the return groove, the scraping block can scrape redundant liquid perovskite into the return groove, when the scraping block moves to the upper part of one of two opposite groove bottoms of the return groove, the upper part of one of the two opposite groove bottoms of the return groove is fixedly connected with the scraping plate, the end part of the scraping plate extends out of the upper end face of the shaping plate, so that the end part of the scraping plate is rubbed with the scraping block, and because the scraping plate is made of an elastic material, the scraping plate can be bent under the action of the scraping block, so that the liquid perovskite on the lower end face of the scraping block is scraped away, and the worker can recycle the liquid perovskite in the return groove; according to the invention, the second motor drives the upper end surface of the scraping block butt plate to scrape and the scraping plate rubs and matches with the lower end surface of the scraping block, so that redundant liquid perovskite is scraped into the return groove, and the raw material cost is saved.

Preferably, the ends of the scraper are provided with two inclined planes; one half of the inclined plane close to the through groove is provided with a strip-shaped groove, and the other half of the inclined plane is provided with a knurl; when the scraping plate is used, the scraping effect of the end part of the scraping plate on the lower end face of the scraping block is limited, so that the effect of the scraping block on scraping redundant liquid perovskites on the through groove is influenced, the upper end face of the liquid perovskites in the through groove cannot be flush with the upper end face of the template, and the light absorption effect of the light absorption layer is influenced; therefore, the end part of the scraping plate is provided with the two inclined surfaces, the scraping plate can be bent under the action of the scraping block, one inclined surface of the scraping block is attached to the lower end of the scraping block, and one half of the inclined surface close to the through groove is provided with the strip-shaped groove, and the other half of the inclined surface is provided with the knurl, so that the lower end of the scraping block is pre-cleaned through the strip-shaped groove, and then the scraping block is secondarily cleaned through the knurl, so that the liquid perovskite attached to the lower end surface of the scraping block is separated; according to the scraper, the lower end face of the scraping block is cleaned through the contact of the inclined plane after the scraper is bent and the strip-shaped groove and the knurl which are arranged on the inclined plane, so that the effect of scraping the redundant liquid perovskite on the through groove by the scraping block is improved.

Preferably, the inclined plane far away from the through groove is provided with a groove; the groove is rotationally connected with a rotating rod; the rotating rod is sleeved with a flexible sleeve; the outer surface of the flexible sleeve is provided with a V-shaped groove; when the scraper is used, the inclined surface of the end part of the scraper close to the through groove has limited cleaning effect on the lower end of the scraper block; therefore, when a worker starts a second motor to drive the scraping block to be far away from the scraping plate, when the scraping plate is extruded by the lower end face of the scraping block, the other inclined face of the scraping plate is attached to the lower end face of the scraping block, a groove is formed in the inclined face far away from the through groove, a rotating rod is rotationally connected in the groove, and a flexible sleeve is sleeved on the rotating rod and can be in contact with the lower end face of the scraping block, so that the flexible sleeve and the scraping block are rubbed, the flexible sleeve and the rotating rod are driven to rotate through the movement of the scraping block, and a V-shaped groove is formed in the outer surface of the flexible sleeve, so that the lower end face of the scraping block is cleaned by the V-shaped groove while the rotating; therefore, the invention further improves the cleaning effect of the lower end surface of the scraping block by the contact of the two inclined surfaces of the scraping plate and the lower end surface of the scraping block.

Preferably, four groups of baffle rods are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the flexible sleeve; at least two baffle rods are arranged in each group, and each group of baffle rods are uniformly distributed on the outer surface of the flexible sleeve; when the scraper is used, the liquid perovskite at the end part of the scraper is cooled to be solid and then blocks the groove, so that the using effect of the scraper is influenced; therefore, the baffle rod is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the flexible sleeve, when the flexible sleeve is in contact with the lower end face of the scraping block, the scraping block can drive the flexible sleeve to rotate, the flexible sleeve can drive the baffle rod to move, so that the baffle rod and the lower end face of the scraping block are knocked, the baffle rod drives the flexible sleeve to vibrate through the reaction force applied to the baffle rod, and the flexible sleeve drives the scraper to vibrate, so that the liquid perovskite is separated from the scraper under the vibration effect; according to the invention, the flexible sleeve rotates to drive the blocking rod to knock the scraping block and the blocking rod is matched with the reaction force of the scraping block, so that the liquid perovskite at the end part of the scraping plate is separated, and the using effect of the scraping plate is further enhanced.

Preferably, the two adjacent groups of the blocking rods are contacted with the lower end surface of the scraping block when the flexible sleeve is attached to the scraping block; when the scraper is used, the blocking rod can block the flexible sleeve from rotating, so that the flexible block loses the effect of cleaning the scraping block; therefore, when the flexible sleeve is attached to the scraping block, two adjacent groups of blocking rods are in contact with the lower end face of the scraping block, so that the blocking rods can knock the scraping block, and meanwhile, the scraping block can drive the flexible sleeve to rotate, and the application effect of the flexible block is guaranteed.

Preferably, the end part of the baffle rod is fixedly connected with a blade; the cross section of the blade is T-shaped; when the scraper is used, a small part of liquid perovskite can be attached to the lower end face of the scraping block and is cooled to form perovskite particles, and the end part of the scraper cannot clean the lower end face of the scraping block; therefore, the end part of the blocking rod is fixedly connected with the blade, so that perovskite particles on the lower end face of the scraping block are scraped off by the blade while the blocking rod impacts the lower end face of the scraping block, and the cross section of the blade is in a T shape, so that the effect of scraping the perovskite particles off by the blade is improved; according to the invention, the flexible sleeve rotates to drive the blocking rod to impact the lower end face of the scraping block and the blocking rod is fixedly connected with the blade, so that perovskite particles on the lower end face of the scraping block can be cleaned, and the practical application effect of the scraping block is further improved.

Preferably, a group of round bars are hinged on the blade; the number of the round rods is at least two, and the end part of each round rod is provided with a knocking block; the specifications of two adjacent knocking blocks are different; when the perovskite scraper is used, perovskite particles on the lower end face of the scraping block are scraped away by the blade and then are attached to the edge of the blade, so that the using effect of the blade is influenced; therefore, the blade is hinged with the round bar, the rotating bar can drive the blade to vibrate when knocking the scraping block, the blade can drive the round bar to shake, the knocking block is arranged at the end part of the round bar, so that the knocking block is driven to impact the blade through the movement of the round bar, different knocking effects are achieved through different specifications between two adjacent knocking blocks, and perovskite particles at the knife edge are better separated; according to the invention, the round rod drives the knocking block to collide the blade and the rotating rod to collide and match with the lower end surface of the scraping block, so that perovskite particles at the knife edge of the blade are cleaned, and the use effect of the blade is further improved.

Preferably, the knocking block is oval, one end of the knocking block is larger than the other end of the knocking block, and the knocking block is rotatably connected to the end part of the round rod; when the tool is used, the vibration amplitude of each knocking block on the blade is limited, so that the vibration effect of the blade is limited; according to the invention, the knocking block is set to be oval, and is rotatably connected to the end part of the round rod, so that the knocking block rotates around the end part of the round rod while knocking the blade, and the blade is knocked through different parts of the knocking block due to the fact that the specification of one end of the knocking block is larger than that of the other end of the knocking block, so that the blade is subjected to different vibration forces, and perovskite particles at the knife edge of the blade fall off; according to the invention, through the matching of the different specifications between two adjacent knocking blocks and the specification of one end of each knocking block being larger than that of the other end, the vibration amplitude of the blade is different when the blade is knocked, so that the perovskite particles on the blade fall off more quickly.

Preferably, springs are arranged between the two sides of the scraper and the wall of the clip groove; one end of the spring is fixedly connected to the wall of the circular groove, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the scraper; when the scraper is used, when liquid perovskite on an inclined plane close to the through groove on the scraper is cooled to form solid perovskite, the lines of the strip-shaped groove and the knurl are filled, so that the inclined plane close to the through groove on the scraper fails; therefore, the springs are arranged between the two sides of the scraping plate and the groove walls of the square-shaped grooves, so that when the scraping plate is bent under the action of the scraping blocks, the springs can be compressed to generate elastic force until the scraping blocks are released after being far away from the scraping plate, the shaking amplitude of the scraping plate is increased under the action of the elastic force of the springs, and the liquid perovskite at the end parts of the scraping plate falls off when being shaken; according to the invention, the scraping plate is under the action of the scraping block and is matched with the scraping plate under the action of the elastic force of the spring, so that perovskite particles on the scraping plate are vibrated and fall off, and the application effects of the strip-shaped grooves and the knurls are improved.

Preferably, one end of the spring is fixedly connected with a first magnet, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected with a second magnet; the magnetism of the first magnet is the same as that of the second magnet; when the device is used, the force of the spring on the scraper is limited, so that the amplitude of the scraper subjected to shaking is limited, and the falling efficiency of the liquid perovskite at the end part of the scraper is influenced; therefore, one end of the spring is fixedly connected with the first magnet, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected with the second magnet, so that the first magnet is close to the second magnet when the spring is compressed, and repulsion force is generated between the first magnet and the second magnet due to the fact that the magnetism of the first magnet and the magnetism of the second magnet are the same, and the repulsion force is released until the scraping block is far away from the scraper plate, so that the shaking force of the scraper plate is increased, and the liquid perovskite on the scraper plate can fall off more quickly; according to the invention, the repulsion force is generated by the approach of the first magnet and the second magnet, and simultaneously, the repulsion force is matched with the elastic force generated by the compression of the spring, so that the shaking amplitude of the end part of the scraper is further increased, and the liquid perovskite at the end part of the scraper can fall off more quickly.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the smearing device used in the invention changes the distance between the upper end of the template and the upper end of the rectangular block through the first motor, and simultaneously, the smearing device is matched with the second motor to drive the scraping block to scrape the upper end surface of the template, so that the main substrate layer can smear the light absorption layer in a large scale and simultaneously can ensure the uniformity of the thickness of the light absorption layer, thereby improving the quality and the production efficiency of the perovskite/back contact crystal silicon laminated solar cell.

2. The smearing device used in the invention drives the upper end surface of the scraping block counter plate to scrape through the second motor and is in friction fit with the lower end surface of the scraping block counter plate by the scraping plate, so that redundant liquid perovskite is scraped into the returning groove, and the raw material cost is saved.

3. The smearing device used in the invention is contacted with the lower end surface of the scraping block through an inclined surface formed by bending the scraping plate, and is matched with the strip-shaped groove and the knurl arranged on the inclined surface, so that the lower end surface of the scraping block is cleaned, and the effect of scraping redundant liquid perovskite on the through groove by the scraping block is further improved.

Drawings

The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an application device used in the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the applicator device used in the present invention from a bottom perspective;

FIG. 6 is an internal cross-sectional view of a squeegee in the application device used in the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a flexible sleeve in an application device for use in the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view at B in FIG. 7;

in the figure: the device comprises a base plate 1, support legs 11, a push plate 12, a push rod 13, a first screw 14, a first motor 15, a template 2, a through groove 21, a rectangular block 22, a side plate 23, a slide rod 24, a second screw 25, a second motor 26, a clip groove 27, a scraping block 3, a top battery 4, graphene 41, an electron transmission layer 42, molybdenum oxide 43, a light absorption layer 44, nickel oxide 45, indium tin oxide 46, a bottom battery 5, a scraping plate 6, a strip-shaped groove 61, a knurl 62, a groove 63, a rotating rod 64, a flexible sleeve 65, a V-shaped groove 66, a baffle rod 67, a blade 671, a round rod 672, a knocking block 673, a spring 7, a first magnet 8 and a second magnet 9.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 to 8, a perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell according to the present invention comprises a top cell 4 and a bottom cell 5; the top cell 4 is a perovskite solar cell; the bottom cell 5 is a back contact crystalline silicon solar cell; the top battery 4 is positioned at the upper end of the bottom battery 5, and the top battery 4 comprises a main base layer, a light absorption layer 44 and an auxiliary base layer; the light absorbing layer is two layers; the host substrate layer comprises graphene 41, an electron transport layer 42 and molybdenum oxide 43; the secondary base layer comprises nickel oxide 45 and indium tin oxide 46; the preparation process of the perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing a main base layer: plating a layer of graphene 41 on the upper surface of an electron transport layer 42, and plating a layer of molybdenum oxide 43 on the lower surface of the electron transport layer 42 to prepare a main base layer, wherein the electron transport layer 42 is fullerene; by completing the preparation of the main base layer in advance, the smearing of the light absorbing layer 44 is facilitated, and the efficiency of preparing the top cell 4 is improved;

s2: painting the light absorbing layer 44: putting the main base layer into a through groove 21 in the smearing device, enabling the surface plated with molybdenum oxide 43 to face upwards, pouring liquid perovskite into the through groove 21, starting a first motor 15 to drive a template 2 to adjust the thickness of a light absorption layer 44, starting a second motor 26 to drive a scraping block 3 to scrape off redundant liquid perovskite at the upper end of the template 2, cooling the liquid perovskite into a solid state, repeating the above actions to smear two light absorption layers 44 on the main base layer, and taking out the main base layer smeared with the light absorption layer 44; the distance between the upper end of the template 2 and the upper end of the rectangular block 22 is changed through the first motor 15, and meanwhile, the scraping block 3 is driven by the second motor 26 to scrape and match the upper end face of the template 2, so that the main substrate layer can be coated with the light absorption layer 44 in a large scale and the uniformity of the thickness of the light absorption layer 44 can be ensured, and the quality and the production efficiency of the perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon laminated solar cell are improved; by coating the main base layer with the two light absorption layers 44, the light absorption effect of the perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell is enhanced;

s3: preparing an auxiliary base layer: plating a layer of nickel oxide 45 on one surface of the main base layer coated with the light absorption layer 44, and plating a layer of indium tin oxide 46 on one surface of the main base layer coated with the nickel oxide 45 to form a top battery 4; the transmission layer is made of nickel oxide 45, so that the transmission efficiency of electrons is improved, and the performance of the perovskite battery is further improved;

s4: bonding and forming: bonding the surface of the top cell 4 plated with the indium tin oxide 46 with the bottom cell 5 to form a perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon tandem solar cell; the perovskite material has good absorption in green light and blue light, and the crystalline silicon has excellent absorption in red light and infrared light, so that the light absorption can be increased to the maximum extent and the power generation amount can be increased by combining the perovskite material and the infrared light;

the smearing device used in the step S2 comprises a substrate 1, a template 2, a scraping block 3 and a controller; the lower end of the base plate 1 is fixedly connected with four support legs 11, and a push plate 12 is arranged below the base plate 1; the cross section of the push plate 12 is in a diamond shape, and push rods 13 are fixedly connected to four corners of the push plate 12; the template 2 is positioned right above the base plate 1, the push rod 13 penetrates through the base plate 1 and is fixedly connected to the lower end of the template 2, and the push rod 13 is in sliding connection with the base plate 1; the center of the push plate 12 is connected with a first screw 14 in a threaded manner, and a first motor 15 is arranged below the push plate 12; the first motor 15 is fixed on the support leg 11, and an output shaft of the first motor 15 is connected with one end of the first screw 14; a group of through grooves 21 are formed in the center of the template 2; the number of the through grooves 21 is at least two, the section specification of the through grooves 21 is consistent with that of the main base layer, and the rectangular blocks 22 are connected in the through grooves 21 in a sliding mode; the rectangular block 22 is fixed at the upper end of the substrate 1; a pair of edges of the template 2 is fixedly connected with four side plates 23; a sliding rod 24 is fixedly connected between two corresponding side plates 23; the sliding rod 24 is connected with the scraping block 3 in a sliding way; the lower end of the scraping block 3 is attached to the upper end of the shaping plate 2; a second screw 25 is rotationally connected between the other two corresponding side plates 23; the second screw rod 25 is in threaded connection with the scraping block 3; a second motor 26 is arranged on the side surface of the template 2; an output shaft of the second motor 26 is connected with one end of the second screw 25; the controller is used for controlling the smearing device to automatically operate; when the coating is used, the light absorption layer 44 is prepared by an ultrasonic spraying method, the thickness of the light absorption layer is uneven, so that the light absorption performance is influenced, and the light absorption layer 44 is prepared by spin coating or magnetron sputtering, so that the large-scale production is inconvenient; therefore, the operator of the invention puts the main substrate layer into the through groove 21, pours the liquid perovskite into the through groove 21, starts the controller to control the first motor 15 to work, because the output shaft of the first motor 15 is connected with one end of the first screw 14, the first motor 15 drives the first screw 14 to rotate, because the center thread of the push plate 12 is connected with the first screw 14, the four corners of the push plate 12 are fixedly connected with the push rods 13, the push rods 13 are in sliding connection with the base plate 1, the first screw 14 drives the push rods 13 to slide downwards along the base plate 1 through the push plate 12, because the end part of the push plate 12 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the template 2, the push plate 12 slides downwards to drive the template 2 to move downwards, so that the distance between the upper end of the rectangular block 22 and the upper end of the template 2 is reduced until the thickness required by the light absorption layer 44 is adjusted, the redundant liquid perovskite overflows the through groove 21, and the controller controls the second motor 26 to, thereby, the second screw 25 is driven to rotate by the second motor 26, the second screw 25 is in threaded connection with the scraping block 3, the scraping block 3 is in sliding connection with the slide rod 24, the second screw 25 rotates to drive the scraping block 3 to slide along the slide rod 24, the lower end of the scraping block 3 is attached to the upper end of the template 2, the scraping block 3 can scrape off redundant liquid perovskite, so that the upper end surface of the liquid perovskite in the through groove 21 is flush with the upper end surface of the template 2, a worker cools the template 2 to change the perovskite from liquid state to solid state, a light absorption layer 44 is coated on the upper end of the main base layer, the first motor 15 is started to drive the push rod 13 to slide downwards along the template 2 through the push plate 12, the distance between the upper end of the rectangular block 22 and the upper end of the template 2 is reduced to zero, the main base layer is moved to the upper end of the template 2, the worker takes away the main base layer coated by the light absorption layer 44, the cross section of the push plate 12 is in a diamond shape, so that the stability of the push plate 12 for pushing the push rod 13 is improved; according to the invention, the distance between the upper end of the template 2 and the upper end of the rectangular block 22 is changed through the first motor 15, and the scraping block 3 is driven by the second motor 26 to scrape and match the upper end surface of the template 2, so that the main substrate layer can be coated with the light absorption layer 44 in a large scale and the thickness uniformity of the light absorption layer 44 can be ensured, and the quality and the production efficiency of the perovskite/back contact crystalline silicon laminated solar cell are improved.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the upper end of the shaping plate 2 is provided with a return groove 27; the through groove 21 is surrounded by the return grooves 27, and the middle parts of two opposite groove bottoms of the return grooves 27 are fixedly connected with the scraping plates 6; the scraper 6 is made of elastic materials, and the end part of the scraper 6 extends out of the upper end surface of the shaping plate 2; when the device is used, redundant liquid perovskite on the through groove 21 is scraped away by the scraping block 3 and then scattered at the upper end of the template 2, so that raw materials are wasted, and meanwhile, the liquid perovskite attached to the lower end face of the scraping block 3 cannot be collected; therefore, in the invention, the worker starts the second motor 26 to drive the scraping block 3 to scrape the upper end face of the shaping plate 2, because the upper end of the shaping plate 2 is provided with the return groove 27, the scraping block 3 can scrape redundant liquid perovskite into the return groove 27, when the scraping block 3 moves to the upper part of one of two opposite groove bottoms of the return groove 27, the scraping plate 6 is fixedly connected to the upper part of one of the two opposite groove bottoms of the return groove 27, the end part of the scraping plate 6 extends out of the upper end face of the shaping plate 2, so that the end part of the scraping plate 6 is rubbed with the scraping block 3, because the scraping plate 6 is made of an elastic material, the scraping plate 6 can be bent under the action of the scraping block 3, the liquid perovskite on the lower end face of the scraping block 3 is scraped away, and the worker recycles the liquid perovskite in the return groove 27; according to the invention, the second motor 26 drives the scraping block 3 to scrape the upper end surface of the template 2 and the scraping plate 6 to rub and match the lower end surface of the scraping block 3, so that redundant liquid perovskite is scraped into the return groove 27, and the raw material cost is saved.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the end of the scraper 6 is provided with two slopes; a strip-shaped groove 61 is arranged on one half of the inclined surface close to the through groove 21, and a knurl 62 is arranged on the other half of the inclined surface; when the scraping plate is used, the scraping effect of the end part of the scraping plate 6 on the lower end face of the scraping block 3 is limited, so that the effect of the scraping block 3 on scraping off redundant liquid perovskites on the through groove 21 is influenced, the upper end face of the liquid perovskites in the through groove 21 cannot be flush with the upper end face of the template 2, and the light absorption effect of the light absorption layer 44 is influenced; therefore, two inclined planes are arranged at the end part of the scraping plate 6, the scraping plate 6 can be bent under the action of the scraping block 3, so that one inclined plane of the scraping block 3 is attached to the lower end of the scraping block 3, and as one half of the inclined plane close to the through groove 21 is provided with the strip-shaped groove 61 and the other half of the inclined plane is provided with the knurls 62, the lower end of the scraping block 3 is pre-cleaned through the strip-shaped groove 61, and then the scraping block 3 is cleaned secondarily through the knurls 62, so that the liquid perovskite attached to the lower end face of the scraping block 3 is separated; according to the invention, an inclined plane formed by bending the scraping plate 6 is contacted with the lower end surface of the scraping block 3, and is matched with the strip-shaped groove 61 and the knurl 62 which are arranged on the inclined plane, so that the lower end surface of the scraping block 3 is cleaned, and the effect of scraping redundant liquid perovskite on the through groove 21 by the scraping block 3 is further improved.

As an embodiment of the present invention, a groove 63 is provided on the inclined surface away from the through groove 21; the groove 63 is rotationally connected with a rotating rod 64; the rotating rod 64 is sleeved with a flexible sleeve 65; the outer surface of the flexible sleeve 65 is provided with a V-shaped groove 66; when in use, the inclined plane of the end part of the scraping plate 6 close to the through groove 21 has limited cleaning effect on the lower end of the scraping block 3; therefore, when a worker starts the second motor 26 to drive the scraping block 3 to be far away from the scraping plate 6, when the scraping plate 6 is extruded by the lower end face of the scraping block 3, the other inclined face of the scraping plate 6 is attached to the lower end of the scraping block 3, the inclined face far away from the through groove 21 is provided with the groove 63, the rotating rod 64 is rotationally connected in the groove 63, the rotating rod 64 is sleeved with the flexible sleeve 65, the flexible sleeve 65 can be in contact with the lower end face of the scraping block 3, the flexible sleeve 65 and the scraping block 3 are rubbed, the flexible sleeve 65 and the rotating rod 64 are driven to rotate through the movement of the scraping block 3, and the V-shaped groove 66 is formed in the outer surface of the flexible sleeve 65, so that the V-shaped groove 66 cleans the lower end face of the scraping block 3 while the rotating rod 64 is driven; therefore, the invention further improves the cleaning effect of the lower end surface of the scraping block 3 by the contact of the two inclined surfaces of the scraping plate 6 and the lower end surface of the scraping block 3.

As an embodiment of the present invention, four sets of bars 67 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the flexible sleeve 65; at least two baffle rods 67 are arranged in each group, and the baffle rods 67 in each group are uniformly distributed on the outer surface of the flexible sleeve 65; when the scraper is used, the liquid perovskite at the end part of the scraper 6 is cooled to be solid and then blocks the groove 63, so that the using effect of the scraper 6 is influenced; therefore, the baffle rod 67 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the flexible sleeve 65, when the flexible sleeve 65 is in contact with the lower end surface of the scraping block 3, the scraping block 3 can drive the flexible sleeve 65 to rotate, the flexible sleeve 65 can drive the baffle rod 67 to move, the baffle rod 67 and the lower end surface of the scraping block 3 are knocked, the baffle rod 67 drives the flexible sleeve 65 to vibrate through the reaction force applied to the baffle rod 67, and the flexible sleeve 65 drives the scraper 6 to vibrate, so that the liquid perovskite is separated from the scraper 6 under the vibration effect; according to the invention, the flexible sleeve 65 rotates to drive the blocking rod 67 to knock the scraping block 3 and the blocking rod 67 is matched with the reaction force of the scraping block 3, so that the liquid perovskite at the end part of the scraping plate 6 is separated, and the using effect of the scraping plate 6 is further enhanced.

As an embodiment of the present invention, two adjacent sets of the blocking rods 67 contact with the lower end surface of the scraping block 3 when the flexible sleeve 65 is attached to the scraping block 3; when the scraper is used, the blocking rod 67 can block the flexible sleeve 65 from rotating, so that the flexible block loses the effect of cleaning the scraper block 3; therefore, when the flexible sleeve 65 is attached to the scraping block 3, the two adjacent groups of blocking rods 67 are in contact with the lower end face of the scraping block 3, so that the blocking rods 67 can knock the scraping block 3, and meanwhile, the scraping block 3 can drive the flexible sleeve 65 to rotate, and the application effect of the flexible block is guaranteed.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the end of the blocking rod 67 is fixedly connected with a blade 671; the blade 671 has a T-shaped cross-sectional shape; when the scraper is used, a small part of liquid perovskite can be attached to the lower end face of the scraping block 3 and is cooled to form perovskite particles, and the end part of the scraper 6 cannot clean the lower end face of the scraping block 3; therefore, in the invention, the end part of the baffle rod 67 is fixedly connected with the blade 671, so that the perovskite particles on the lower end surface of the scraping block 3 are scraped off by the blade 671 while the baffle rod 67 impacts the lower end surface of the scraping block 3, and the perovskite particles are scraped off by the blade 671; according to the invention, the flexible sleeve 65 rotates to drive the blocking rod 67 to impact the lower end face of the scraping block 3 and the blade 671 fixedly connected with the end part of the blocking rod 67 is matched, so that perovskite particles on the lower end face of the scraping block 3 can be cleaned, and the practical application effect of the scraping block 3 is further improved.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the blade 671 is hinged with a set of round bars 672; at least two round rods 672 are provided, and a knocking block 673 is arranged at the end part of each round rod 672; the specifications of two adjacent knocking blocks 673 are different; when the scraper 671 is used, after the perovskite particles on the lower end surface of the scraping block 3 are scraped away by the scraper 671, the perovskite particles are attached to the edge of the scraper 671, so that the using effect of the scraper 671 is influenced; therefore, in the invention, the blade 671 is hinged with the group of round bars 672, so that the rotating bar 64 can drive the blade 671 to vibrate while knocking the scraping block 3, the blade 671 can drive the round bar 672 to vibrate, and the end part of the round bar 672 is provided with the knocking block 673, so that the round bar 672 moves to drive the knocking block 673 to impact the blade 671, and different knocking effects are achieved through different specifications between two adjacent knocking blocks 673, thereby better separating perovskite particles at the knife edge; according to the invention, the round rod 672 drives the knocking block 673 to collide with the blade 671 and the rotating rod 64 to collide with the lower end surface of the scraping block 3, so that perovskite particles at the position of the knife edge of the blade 671 are cleaned, and the using effect of the blade 671 is further improved.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the knocking block 673 is an oval shape, one end of the knocking block 673 has a larger size than the other end, and the knocking block 673 is rotatably connected to the end of the round bar 672; when in use, each knocking block 673 has limited vibration amplitude on the blade 671, so that the vibration effect of the blade 671 is limited; therefore, in the invention, the knocking block 673 is set to be elliptical, the knocking block 673 is rotatably connected to the end part of the round rod 672, so that the knocking block 673 rotates around the end part of the round rod 672 while knocking the blade 671, and because the specification of one end of the knocking block 673 is larger than that of the other end, the blade 671 is knocked through different parts of the knocking block 673, so that the blade 671 is subjected to different vibration forces, and perovskite particles at the knife edge of the blade 671 fall off; according to the invention, the specifications of two adjacent knocking blocks 673 are different and are matched with the specification of one end of each knocking block 673 which is larger than that of the other end of each knocking block 673, so that the vibration amplitude of the blade 671 is different when the blade 671 is knocked, and the perovskite particles on the blade 671 fall off more quickly.

As an embodiment of the invention, springs 7 are arranged between both sides of the scraper 6 and the groove wall of the clip groove 27; one end of the spring 7 is fixedly connected to the wall of the return groove 27, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the scraper 6; when the scraper blade 6 is used, when liquid perovskite on an inclined plane close to the through groove 21 on the scraper blade 6 is cooled to form solid perovskite, grains of the strip-shaped groove 61 and the knurls 62 are filled, so that the inclined plane close to the through groove 21 on the scraper blade 6 is invalid; therefore, in the invention, the springs 7 are arranged between the two sides of the scraper 6 and the wall of the square-shaped groove 27, so that when the scraper 6 is bent under the action of the scraper 3, the springs 7 can be compressed to generate elastic force until the scraper 3 is released after being far away from the scraper 6, and the amplitude of shaking of the scraper 6 is increased under the elastic force action of the springs 7, so that the liquid perovskite at the end part of the scraper 6 falls off when being shaken; according to the invention, the scraping plate 6 is acted by the scraping block 3 and the scraping plate 6 is acted by the spring 7 to be matched, so that perovskite particles on the scraping plate 6 are vibrated to fall off, and the application effect of the strip-shaped groove 61 and the knurls 62 is improved.

As an embodiment of the invention, one end of the spring 7 is fixedly connected with a first magnet 8, and the other end of the spring 7 is fixedly connected with a second magnet 9; the magnetism of the first magnet 8 is the same as that of the second magnet 9; when the device is used, the force of the spring 7 acting on the scraper 6 is limited, so that the amplitude of the scraper 6 subjected to shaking is limited, and the falling efficiency of the liquid perovskite at the end part of the scraper 6 is influenced; therefore, in the invention, one end of the spring 7 is fixedly connected with the first magnet 8, and the other end of the spring 7 is fixedly connected with the second magnet 9, so that when the spring 7 is compressed, the first magnet 8 is close to the second magnet 9, and the first magnet 8 and the second magnet 9 have the same magnetism, so that repulsion force is generated between the first magnet 8 and the second magnet 9 until the scraping block 3 is far away from the scraping plate 6 and then released, thereby increasing the shaking force of the scraping plate 6 and enabling the liquid perovskite on the scraping plate 6 to fall off more quickly; according to the invention, the first magnet 8 and the second magnet 9 are close to each other to generate repulsion force, and are matched with the spring 7 under pressure to generate elasticity, so that the shaking amplitude of the end part of the scraper 6 is further increased, and the liquid perovskite at the end part of the scraper 6 falls off more quickly.

When the device is used, a worker puts a main substrate into the through groove 21, liquid perovskite is poured into the through groove 21, the starting controller controls the first motor 15 to work, the output shaft of the first motor 15 is connected with one end of the first screw 14, the first motor 15 drives the first screw 14 to rotate, the central thread of the push plate 12 is connected with the first screw 14, four corners of the push plate 12 are fixedly connected with push rods 13, the push rods 13 are in sliding connection with the base plate 1, the first screw 14 drives the push rods 13 to slide downwards along the base plate 1 through the push plate 12, the end part of the push plate 12 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the template 2, the push plate 12 slides downwards to drive the template 2 to move downwards, the distance between the upper end of the rectangular block 22 and the upper end of the template 2 is reduced until the thickness required by the light absorption layer 44 is adjusted, redundant liquid perovskite overflows the through groove 21, and the controller controls the second motor 26 to rotate, thereby, the second screw 25 is driven to rotate by the second motor 26, the second screw 25 is in threaded connection with the scraping block 3, the scraping block 3 is in sliding connection with the slide rod 24, the second screw 25 rotates to drive the scraping block 3 to slide along the slide rod 24, the lower end of the scraping block 3 is attached to the upper end of the template 2, the scraping block 3 can scrape redundant liquid perovskite, so that the upper end surface of the liquid perovskite in the through groove 21 is flush with the upper end surface of the template 2, the scraping block 3 can scrape redundant liquid perovskite into the return groove 27 due to the return groove 27 arranged at the upper end of the template 2, when the scraping block 3 moves to the upper part of one of the two opposite groove bottoms of the return groove 27, the scraping plate 6 is fixedly connected above one of the two opposite groove bottoms of the return groove 27, the end part of the scraping plate 6 extends out of the upper end surface of the template 2, so that the end part of the scraping plate 6 rubs against the scraping block 3, and the scraping plate 6 is made of elastic material, therefore, the scraping plate 6 can be bent under the action of the scraping block 3, and further scrapes off the liquid perovskite on the lower end face of the scraping block 3; the staff then recycles the liquid perovskite in the square groove 27; two inclined planes are arranged at the end part of the scraper 6, the scraper 6 can be bent under the action of the scraper block 3, so that one inclined plane of the scraper block 3 is attached to the lower end of the scraper block 3, and as a strip-shaped groove 61 is arranged on one half of the inclined plane close to the through groove 21 and a knurl 62 is arranged on the other half of the inclined plane, the lower end of the scraper block 3 is pre-cleaned through the strip-shaped groove 61, and then the scraper block 3 is secondarily cleaned through the knurl 62, so that liquid perovskite attached to the lower end face of the scraper block 3 is separated; when the second motor 26 drives the scraping block 3 to be far away from the scraping plate 6, when the scraping plate 6 is extruded by the lower end face of the scraping block 3, the other inclined face of the scraping plate 6 is attached to the lower end face of the scraping block 3, a groove 63 is formed in the inclined face far away from the through groove 21, a rotating rod 64 is rotationally connected in the groove 63, and a flexible sleeve 65 is sleeved on the rotating rod 64, so that the flexible sleeve 65 can be in contact with the lower end face of the scraping block 3, the flexible sleeve 65 and the scraping block 3 are rubbed, the flexible sleeve 65 and the rotating rod 64 are driven to rotate through the movement of the scraping block 3, and a V-shaped groove 66 is formed in the outer surface of the flexible sleeve 65, so that the V-shaped groove 66 cleans the lower end face of the scraping block 3 while the scraping; the baffle rod 67 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the flexible sleeve 65, when the flexible sleeve 65 is in contact with the lower end face of the scraping block 3, the scraping block 3 can drive the flexible sleeve 65 to rotate, the flexible sleeve 65 can drive the baffle rod 67 to move, the baffle rod 67 and the lower end face of the scraping block 3 are knocked, the baffle rod 67 drives the flexible sleeve 65 to vibrate through the reaction force received by the baffle rod 67, and then the flexible sleeve 65 drives the scraper 6 to vibrate, so that the liquid perovskite is separated from the scraper 6 under the vibration effect; when the flexible sleeve 65 is attached to the scraping block 3, the two adjacent groups of blocking rods 67 are in contact with the lower end face of the scraping block 3, so that the blocking rods 67 can strike the scraping block 3, and meanwhile, the scraping block 3 can drive the flexible sleeve 65 to rotate, and the application effect of the flexible block is guaranteed; the end part of the baffle rod 67 is fixedly connected with the blade 671, so that the baffle rod 67 can scrape perovskite particles on the lower end face of the scraping block 3 by the blade 671 while impacting the lower end face of the scraping block 3, and the cross section of the blade 671 is set to be T-shaped, so that the effect of scraping the perovskite particles by the blade 671 is improved; the blade 671 is hinged with the group of round bars 672, so that the rotating bar 64 can drive the blade 671 to vibrate when knocking the scraping block 3, the blade 671 can drive the round bars 672 to vibrate, and the end parts of the round bars 672 are provided with the knocking blocks 673, so that the striking blocks 673 are driven to impact the blade 671 through the movement of the round bars 672, different knocking effects are achieved through different specifications between two adjacent striking blocks 673, and perovskite particles at the position of a knife edge are better separated; the knocking block 673 is arranged to be oval, the knocking block 673 is rotatably connected to the end of the round rod 672, so that the knocking block 673 rotates around the end of the round rod 672 while knocking the blade 671, and the specification of one end of the knocking block 673 is larger than that of the other end, so that the blade 671 is knocked through different parts of the knocking block 673, the blade 671 is subjected to different vibration forces, and perovskite particles at the edge of the blade 671 fall off; the springs 7 are arranged between the two sides of the scraper 6 and the wall of the square-shaped groove 27, so that when the scraper 6 is bent under the action of the scraper 3, the springs 7 can be compressed to generate elastic force until the scraper 3 is released after being far away from the scraper 6, and the amplitude of shaking of the scraper 6 is increased under the elastic force action of the springs 7, so that the liquid perovskite at the end part of the scraper 6 falls off when being shaken; one end of the spring 7 is fixedly connected with the first magnet 8, and the other end of the spring 7 is fixedly connected with the second magnet 9, so that when the spring 7 is compressed, the first magnet 8 is close to the second magnet 9, and the first magnet 8 and the second magnet 9 have the same magnetism, so that repulsion force is generated between the first magnet 8 and the second magnet 9 until the scraping block 3 is far away from the scraping plate 6 and then released, and the shaking force of the scraping plate 6 is increased, and the liquid perovskite on the scraping plate 6 can fall off more quickly; staff cools down processing to template 2, make the perovskite become solid-state by liquid, one deck light-absorption layer 44 has been paintd to the upper end that makes main basic unit, start motor 15 and drive push rod 13 through push pedal 12 and follow template 2 and slide down, thereby make the distance of the upper end of rectangular block 22 and the upper end of template 2 reduce to zero, thereby make main basic unit remove to template 2's upper end, the staff takes away the main basic unit who has plated behind light-absorption layer 44, cross sectional shape through with push pedal 12 sets into the rhombus, push pedal 12 has improved push rod 13's stability.

The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.