阅读说明：本技术 一种电机中换向切换结构的设计及应用 (Design and application of reversing switching structure in motor ) 是由 尚才平 于 2020-09-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种电机中换向切换结构的设计,包括转子、以及设于转子上的换向环,换向环圆周设置有正向碳刷组、反向碳刷组,正向碳刷组包括正向碳刷一、正向碳刷二,反向碳刷组包括反向碳一、反向碳刷二；正向碳刷组与反向碳刷组位置采用交叉设计,以换向环的中心轴为基准中心点,正向碳刷一与正向碳刷二、以及反向碳一与反向碳刷二之间的圆心角为180度,正向碳刷一与反向碳一、正向碳刷二与反向碳刷二之间的圆心角小于90度。本发明重新设计碳刷的安装位置及安装组合、减少碳刷上火花的产生,提高使用寿命及可靠性,减少对人体健康的而危害。本发明还提供了一种采用本发明设计安装应用的电钻。(The invention discloses a design of a reversing switching structure in a motor, which comprises a rotor and a reversing ring arranged on the rotor, wherein a forward carbon brush group and a reverse carbon brush group are arranged on the circumference of the reversing ring, the forward carbon brush group comprises a forward carbon brush I and a forward carbon brush II, and the reverse carbon brush group comprises a reverse carbon brush I and a reverse carbon brush II; the positions of the forward carbon brush group and the reverse carbon brush group are designed in a cross mode, the central axis of the reversing ring is used as a reference central point, the central angles between the forward carbon brush I and the forward carbon brush II and between the reverse carbon brush I and the reverse carbon brush II are 180 degrees, and the central angles between the forward carbon brush I and the reverse carbon brush I and between the forward carbon brush II and the reverse carbon brush II are smaller than 90 degrees. The invention redesigns the installation position and the installation combination of the carbon brush, reduces the generation of sparks on the carbon brush, prolongs the service life and the reliability, and reduces the harm to the health of human bodies. The invention also provides an electric drill designed and applied by the invention.)

1. The utility model provides a design of switching-over structure in motor, includes the rotor and locates the switching-over ring on the rotor, its characterized in that: the reversing ring is circumferentially provided with a forward carbon brush group and a reverse carbon brush group, the forward carbon brush group and the reverse carbon brush group are respectively installed in a contact manner with the reversing ring, the forward carbon brush group comprises a forward carbon brush I and a forward carbon brush II, and the reverse carbon brush group comprises a reverse carbon brush I and a reverse carbon brush II; the positions of the forward carbon brush group and the reverse carbon brush group are designed in a cross mode, the central axis of the reversing ring is used as a reference central point, the central angles between the forward carbon brush I and the forward carbon brush II and between the reverse carbon brush I and the reverse carbon brush II are 180 degrees, and the central angles between the forward carbon brush I and the reverse carbon brush I and between the forward carbon brush II and the reverse carbon brush II are smaller than 90 degrees.

2. A design of a commutation switching structure in an electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein: and the forward carbon brush group and the reverse carbon brush group are connected with a switching control switch through a circuit, and the forward carbon brush I and the forward carbon brush II as well as the reverse carbon brush I and the reverse carbon brush II are respectively switched and communicated through the switching control switch.

3. A design of a commutation switching structure in an electrical machine according to claim 2, wherein: the switching control switch is connected with a plurality of groups of stator windings through lines, and the stator windings are electrified under the control of the switching control switch.

4. A design of a commutation switching structure in an electrical machine according to claim 3, wherein: the stator windings are in four groups, and the four groups of stator windings are respectively positioned corresponding to the positions of the first forward carbon brush, the second forward carbon brush, the first reverse carbon brush and the second reverse carbon brush.

5. An electric drill adopting the design of claim 1 for installation and application comprises a machine shell, a rotor and a stator, wherein the rotor and the stator are installed in the machine shell, an installation base plate is arranged on the machine shell, a first forward carbon brush, a first reverse carbon brush and a second reverse carbon brush are fixedly installed on the installation base plate through the intersection and included angle design in the invention of claim 1, and four groups of stator windings correspond to the carbon brushes in front and back positions.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to design and application of a reversing switching structure in a motor.

Background

The motor is applied to tools in various fields in life, the motor on a plurality of tools has a function of forward and reverse rotation when in use, particularly used electric drills or hammer tools, so a reversing device is arranged in the motor and consists of an electric brush and a reversing ring; the brush mostly adopts the carbon brush, and the carbon brush is mainly used for leading the rotor current required by the operation of the motor into the rotor coil through the connection with the commutation ring, providing an excitation power supply and then transmitting the excitation power supply to the rotor, and the rotor of the motor is equivalent to a rotary magnet, and the commutation task of the motor is realized through the carbon brush.

Because the carbon brush always has contact friction with the reversing ring due to the rotation of the rotor, the carbon brush is accompanied with abrasion in long-term relative rotation, so that the influence of uneven contact surface with the reversing ring, insufficient pressure of the carbon brush and other conditions is caused, and the carbon brush is often accompanied with sparking; in the face of the above situation, the contact surface of the carbon brush and the current collecting ring can be polished smoothly by using fine sand paper, or the pressure of the carbon brush can be properly adjusted, so that the probability of sparking of the carbon brush can be effectively reduced.

However, the sparking of the carbon brush is greatly related to the relative installation position between the carbon brush and a reversing ring on a rotor, the existing brush motor is provided with a carbon brush for controlling forward rotation and a carbon brush for controlling reverse rotation, and the central axis of the reversing ring is taken as a reference central point, and the included angle of the circle centers of the two carbon brushes is 180 degrees; when the arrangement of the position can cause the motor to commutate, sparks between the carbon brush and the commutation ring are large, the largest and most direct influence of the sparks of the carbon brush is that the service life of the carbon brush is shortened, and an excitation power supply provided by the contact leading-in between the carbon brush and the commutation ring is unstable, and indirectly, the frequent sparks of the carbon brush can generate more carbon dust, and the harm is caused to health after the human body inhales.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solve the above problems in the prior art, and provides a design and an application of a commutation switching structure in a motor, which redesigns an installation position and an installation combination of a carbon brush, reduces generation of sparks on the carbon brush, improves a service life and reliability, and reduces harm to human health.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the design of a reversing switching structure in a motor comprises a rotor and a reversing ring arranged on the rotor, wherein a forward carbon brush group and a reverse carbon brush group are arranged on the circumference of the reversing ring, the forward carbon brush group and the reverse carbon brush group are respectively installed in a contact manner with the reversing ring, the forward carbon brush group comprises a forward carbon brush I and a forward carbon brush II, and the reverse carbon brush group comprises a reverse carbon brush I and a reverse carbon brush II; the positions of the forward carbon brush group and the reverse carbon brush group are designed in a cross mode, the central axis of the reversing ring is used as a reference central point, the central angles between the forward carbon brush I and the forward carbon brush II and between the reverse carbon brush I and the reverse carbon brush II are 180 degrees, and the central angles between the forward carbon brush I and the reverse carbon brush I and between the forward carbon brush II and the reverse carbon brush II are smaller than 90 degrees.

And the forward carbon brush group and the reverse carbon brush group are connected with a switching control switch through a circuit, and the forward carbon brush I and the forward carbon brush II as well as the reverse carbon brush I and the reverse carbon brush II are respectively switched and communicated through the switching control switch.

The switching control switch is connected with a plurality of groups of stator windings through lines, and the stator windings are electrified under the control of the switching control switch.

The stator windings are in four groups, and the four groups of stator windings are respectively positioned corresponding to the positions of the first forward carbon brush, the second forward carbon brush, the first reverse carbon brush and the second reverse carbon brush.

An electric drill installed and applied by adopting the design comprises a machine shell, a rotor and a stator, wherein the rotor and the stator are installed in the machine shell, an installation base plate is arranged on the machine shell, a first forward carbon brush, a first reverse carbon brush and a second reverse carbon brush are fixedly installed on the installation base plate by adopting the intersection and included angle design in the invention of claim 1, and four groups of stator windings correspond to the positions of the carbon brushes in the front and back directions.

By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the installation positions of a first forward carbon brush, a second forward carbon brush and a first reverse carbon brush and a second reverse carbon brush in the forward carbon brush set are designed in a cross mode, the cross installation angle is also required, the central axis of a reversing ring is used as a reference central point to define, the central angles between the first forward carbon brush and the second forward carbon brush and between the first reverse carbon brush and the second reverse carbon brush are 180 degrees, so that the carbon brushes in the first forward carbon brush set and the second reverse carbon brush set are symmetrically installed, the central angles between the first forward carbon brush and the first reverse carbon brush, between the second forward carbon brush and between the second reverse carbon brush are smaller than 90 degrees, the positions between the carbon brushes are installed in a cross mode, the carbon brushes provide excitation power supply through the reversing ring to transmit more stably during control switching, and the rotation direction of a rotor is more stably switched, therefore, sparks between the carbon brushes and the reversing ring during steering switching are effectively reduced, the service life of each carbon brush is prolonged, the generation of carbon dust is reduced, and the health guarantee of operators is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit connection of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an electric drill designed and installed for use with the present invention;

fig. 4 is a perspective view of an electric drill (with a casing removed) for mounting applications using the design of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further explained with reference to the drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a design of a commutation switching structure in a motor, including a rotor 1 and a commutation ring 2 disposed on the rotor 1, where the circumference of the commutation ring 2 is provided with a forward carbon brush set and a reverse carbon brush set, the forward carbon brush set and the reverse carbon brush set are respectively installed in contact with the commutation ring, the forward carbon brush set includes a forward carbon brush one 3 and a forward carbon brush two 4, and the reverse carbon brush set includes a reverse carbon brush one 5 and a reverse carbon brush two 6; the positions of the forward carbon brush group and the reverse carbon brush group are designed in a cross mode, the central axis of the reversing ring 2 is used as a reference central point, the central angles between the forward carbon brush I o and the forward carbon brush II 4 and between the reverse carbon brush I5 and the reverse carbon brush II 6 are 180 degrees, and the central angles between the forward carbon brush I3 and the reverse carbon brush I5 and between the forward carbon brush II 4 and the reverse carbon brush II 6 are smaller than 90 degrees.

In the invention, the central axis of the reversing ring is taken as a reference central point of the forward carbon brush group and the reverse carbon brush group, the central angles between the forward carbon brush I3 and the forward carbon brush II 4 and between the reverse carbon brush I5 and the reverse carbon brush II 6 are 180 degrees, so that the carbon brushes in the forward carbon brush group and the reverse carbon brush group are symmetrically arranged relative to the circumference of the reversing ring 2, and then the central angles between the forward carbon brush I3 and the reverse carbon brush I5 and between the forward carbon brush II 4 and the reverse carbon brush II 6 are less than 90 degrees, at the moment of controlling the rotor 1 to rotate from the forward direction to the reverse direction, the carbon brushes are led in through the reversing ring 2 to provide an excitation power supply in the rotor with stability, so that the rotor rotates stably at the moment of switching the rotation, the stability of the switching rotation of the rotor ensures the stable contact between the reversing ring and each carbon brush, and the uniform contact between the reversing ring and each carbon brush, Unstable friction between the reversing ring and each carbon brush is reduced, so that the carbon brushes can be prevented from generating larger sparks when the rotor is switched to rotate.

As shown in fig. 2, a switching control switch 7 is connected between the forward carbon brush set and the reverse carbon brush set through a line, and the forward carbon brush one 3 and the forward carbon brush two 4, and the reverse carbon brush one 5 and the reverse carbon brush two 6 are respectively switched and communicated through the switching control switch 7; the on-off of the forward carbon brush group and the reverse carbon brush group is controlled by switching the control switch 7.

The switching control switch 7 is connected with a plurality of groups of stator windings 8 through circuits, the stator windings 8 are electrified under the control of the switching control switch 7, furthermore, the number of the stator windings 8 is four, and the four groups of stator windings 8 are respectively corresponding to the positions of the forward carbon brush I3, the forward carbon brush II 4, the reverse carbon brush I5 and the reverse carbon brush II 6; the stator windings are arranged corresponding to the carbon brushes in position, and the excitation power supply led into the rotor corresponds to the stator windings in position, so that the rotating stability of the rotor during instantaneous switching is further improved, and larger sparks generated between the carbon brushes and the reversing ring during the switching of the rotor in steering are further avoided.

The invention also provides an electric drill which is designed, installed and applied by the invention, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the electric drill comprises a machine shell 9, a rotor 1 and a stator 10 which are installed in the machine shell 9, wherein an installation base plate 11 is arranged on the machine shell 9, a first forward carbon brush 3, a first reverse carbon brush 5 and a second reverse carbon brush 6 are fixedly installed on the installation base plate 11 by adopting the crossing and included angle design in the invention, and four groups of stator windings correspond to the positions of the carbon brushes from front to back; the existing installation mostly adopts the carbon brushes to be installed on the stator winding, and the design of the invention and the adopted installation and fixation mode are combined, so that the stability of providing an excitation power supply by the contact introduction between the reversing ring and each carbon brush is further improved when the rotor is switched to rotate, the generation of sparks is reduced, and the invention can be widely applied to tools such as an electric hammer and the like.

The design and application of the commutation switching structure in the motor provided by the embodiment of the invention are described in detail, a specific example is applied in the description to explain the principle and the implementation of the invention, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the technical scheme disclosed by the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.