Train network control system based on Ethernet
阅读说明：本技术 基于以太网的列车网络控制系统 (Train network control system based on Ethernet ) 是由 刘可安 尚敬 徐绍龙 唐军 熊艳 黄赫 王雨 许清 刘顺进 蒋国涛 于 2020-06-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种基于以太网的列车网络控制系统,包括由ECN节点组成的编组网,其中每个车辆包括分属不同网段的两个ECN节点,编组内各车辆的第一ECN节点组成第一ECN网络以及第二ECN节点组成第二ECN网络,该第一ECN网络和该第二ECN网络皆包括冗余的通信链路,车辆内的至少一个终端设备包括两个以太网接口以同时连接至所在车辆的第一和第二ECN节点。(The invention provides an Ethernet-based train network control system, which comprises a grouping network consisting of ECN nodes, wherein each vehicle comprises two ECN nodes belonging to different network segments, a first ECN node of each vehicle in the grouping forms a first ECN network, a second ECN node forms a second ECN network, the first ECN network and the second ECN network both comprise redundant communication links, and at least one terminal device in the vehicle comprises two Ethernet interfaces so as to be simultaneously connected to the first ECN node and the second ECN node of the vehicle.)
1. The train network control system based on the Ethernet is characterized by comprising a grouping network consisting of ECN nodes, wherein each vehicle comprises two ECN nodes belonging to different network segments, a first ECN node of each vehicle in the grouping forms a first ECN network, a second ECN node forms a second ECN network, the first ECN network and the second ECN network both comprise redundant communication links, and at least one terminal device in the vehicle comprises two Ethernet interfaces so as to be simultaneously connected to the first ECN node and the second ECN node of the vehicle.
2. The train network control system of claim 1, wherein one of the first ECN network and the second ECN network is configured as a control link for transmitting control data and the other is configured as a converged link for transmitting control data and multimedia data to enable redundant backup of control data.
3. The train network control system of claim 2, wherein the at least one terminal device communicates control data normally using the control link in response to a control link message.
4. The train network control system of claim 3, wherein the at least one terminal device communicates control data using the converged link in response to a control link message anomaly and a converged link message anomaly.
5. The train network control system of claim 2, wherein the control link and the converged link implement data transmission using a time division multiplexing scheduling strategy.
6. The train network control system of claim 1, wherein the first ECN network is a first ECN ring network and the second ECN network is a second ECN ring network.
7. The train network control system of claim 6, wherein each ECN node in the first ECN ring network and the second ECN ring network is configured to monitor transceiving data frames in both directions, and in response to a faulty ECN node detecting a link anomaly, report a fault message to a current master ECN node of the ECN ring network to perform a ring network link direction switch.
8. The train network control system of claim 7, wherein the failed ECN node sets the abnormal link to be broken, and the current primary ECN node switches the virtual standby link to be the normal link, so as to switch the link direction of the ring network.
9. The train network control system of claim 8, wherein the failed ECN node continuously monitors the status of the abnormal link, and the abnormal link is switched to a virtual standby link in response to the status of the abnormal link changing to normal for a preset time.
10. The train network control system of claim 1, wherein each ECN node in the first ECN network and the second ECN network is connected by link aggregation redundancy to enable fast detection of a failure point and failure bypass in case of a single node or single line failure.
11. The train network control system of claim 1, further comprising a train-level backbone comprised of ETBN nodes, each consist including two ETBN nodes that are redundant of each other, each ETBN node being connected to the first ECN node and the second ECN node, respectively, within the consist.
12. The train network control system of claim 1, wherein the ECN nodes are in a gigabit network arrangement.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a train network communication technology based on Ethernet, in particular to a train network control system based on Ethernet.
Background
With the increasing abundance of the vehicle-mounted functions of trains, modern trains have higher requirements on standardization, informatization and intellectualization of communication network platforms. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) promulgates a series of standards for IEC-61375-2 (train level network) and IEC-61375-3 (vehicle level network), thereby forming a standard system for Train Communication Networks (TCNs). The TCN network technologies most widely used are WTB (Wire train Bus) and MVB (Multifunction vehicle Bus) networks.
The bandwidth of the traditional buses such as MVB and WTB cannot meet the requirement of train network communication, and with the gradual popularization of industrial ethernet, the application of train level networks and vehicle level networks composed of ethernet is becoming more and more extensive. However, the train communication network based on the ethernet is required to solve not only the problem of transmission bandwidth but also the problems of insufficient redundancy inherent to the ethernet, low real-time performance of redundancy switching, low certainty of data transmission, and the like.
At present, a hundred-megabyte organization network node (ECNN) is adopted in the organization network of a common vehicle-mounted network control system to establish a ring network, so that the problems that part of transmission links of the organization network are redundant, ECNN equipment is damaged, and the normal function is influenced due to the damage of lines can be solved.
There is a need in the art for an improved ethernet train network control system to improve the reliability and safety of train data transmission and data certainty.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
According to one aspect of the invention, an Ethernet-based train network control system is provided, which is characterized by comprising a grouping network consisting of ECN nodes, wherein each vehicle comprises two ECN nodes belonging to different network segments, a first ECN node of each vehicle in the grouping forms a first ECN network, and a second ECN node forms a second ECN network, the first ECN network and the second ECN network both comprise redundant communication links, and at least one terminal device in the vehicle comprises two Ethernet interfaces to be simultaneously connected to the first ECN node and the second ECN node of the vehicle.
In one example, one of the first ECN network and the second ECN network is configured as a control link for transmitting control data, and the other is configured as a converged link for transmitting control data and multimedia data to implement redundant backup of the control data.
In one example, the at least one terminal device normally employs the control link to communicate control data in response to the control link message.
In one example, the at least one terminal device responds to the abnormal control link message and the normal converged link message and uses the converged link to realize the communication of the control data.
In one example, the control link and the converged link implement data transmission using a time division multiplexing scheduling strategy.
In one example, the first ECN network is a first ECN ring network and the second ECN network is a second ECN ring network.
In one example, each ECN node in the first ECN ring network and the second ECN ring network is configured to monitor data frames received and transmitted in two directions, and in response to a link abnormality detected by a faulty ECN node, report fault information to a current master ECN node of the ECN ring network where the faulty ECN node is located to perform switching of a ring network link direction.
In one example, the faulty ECN node sets the abnormal link as an open circuit, and the current primary ECN node switches the virtual standby link to the normal link, so as to switch the link direction of the ring network.
In one example, the failed ECN node continuously monitors the status of the abnormal link, and in response to the status of the abnormal link changing to normal for a predetermined time, the abnormal link is switched to a virtual standby link.
In one example, each ECN node in the first ECN network and the second ECN network is connected in a link aggregation redundancy manner, so as to implement fast detection of a fault point and fault bypass when a single node or a single line fails.
In one example, the network control system further includes a train-level backbone network of ETBN nodes, each consist including two ETBN nodes that are redundant of each other, each ETBN node being connected to the first ECN node and the second ECN node, respectively, within the consist.
In one example, the ECN nodes are in a gigabit network arrangement.
Drawings
The above features and advantages of the present disclosure will be better understood upon reading the detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure in conjunction with the following drawings. In the drawings, components are not necessarily drawn to scale, and components having similar relative characteristics or features may have the same or similar reference numerals.
Fig. 1 shows a network topology diagram of a prior art marshalling ring network;
FIG. 2 illustrates a topology diagram of a network control system in accordance with an aspect of the subject invention;
3a-3c illustrate schematic diagrams of fault diagnosis and self-healing of an ECN network in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram of data mining logic in accordance with an aspect of the subject invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates a topology diagram of a train level network in accordance with an aspect of the subject invention;
6a-6b illustrate a bypass relay schematic implemented by a link aggregation policy in accordance with an aspect of the subject innovation;
FIG. 7 illustrates a topology diagram of a network control system in accordance with an aspect of the subject invention; and
fig. 8a-8b illustrate a bypass relay schematic implemented by a link aggregation policy in accordance with an aspect of the subject innovation.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. It is noted that the aspects described below in connection with the figures and the specific embodiments are only exemplary and should not be construed as imposing any limitation on the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a network topology of a prior art grouped ring network. The train consists of a plurality of marshalling, each marshalling comprises a plurality of vehicles, and data communication is realized among the vehicles in the marshalling through a marshalling network. As shown in fig. 1, each vehicle includes an ECN (Ethernet Network) node (ECNN), and ECN nodes in a group are connected through a ring Network topology to form a group ring Network. The terminal equipment in the vehicle includes only one ethernet interface to access the marshalling network.
Also shown in fig. 1 are ETB (Ethernet Train Backbone) nodes (ETBN), one grouping reporting two ETB nodes to achieve mutual redundancy. The ETB nodes form an ETB network to enable data communication across the groupings.
In the topology scheme of the prior art shown in fig. 1, there are problems of insufficient redundancy inherent in ethernet, low real-time performance of redundancy switching, low certainty of data transmission, and the like.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ethernet-based train network control system, comprising a marshalling network composed of ECN nodes, and in particular, each train comprises two ECN nodes belonging to different segments, such that each marshalling can comprise two ECN marshalling networks belonging to different segments, and each ECN marshalling network can be connected to each other by using redundant communication links, for example, an ECN ring network structure or a link aggregation redundancy policy. The terminal equipment in the vehicle may include two ethernet interfaces to connect to different ECN networks simultaneously.
Fig. 2 illustrates a topology diagram of a network control system 200 in accordance with an aspect of the subject invention. As shown in fig. 2, the network control system 200 may include two ECN networks, a first ECN network 210 and a second ECN network 220. Each vehicle may include a first ECN node 211 and a second ECN node 212 therein, and the first ECN node 211 of each vehicle in the consist may form a first ECN network 210 and the second ECN node 212 may form a second ECN network 220.
ECN nodes may include network devices, such as switches, routers, etc., that are used primarily to build connections for the network. The router in the ECN should be configured with a minimum of two IP interfaces, and the exchange of data frames on the network layer can be realized. The switch mainly realizes the exchange transmission of network data frames on a link layer, and is a main device type in the ECN.
In the example shown in fig. 2, the ECN nodes are connected to each other in a ring network to form an ECN ring network. Thus, the network control system 200 may include two ECN ring networks. The ECN ring network can realize redundant communication links, namely, the network communication function of the ECN ring network cannot be influenced by the fault of one ECN node.
The terminal equipment of each vehicle can be accessed into the ECN ring network through the Ethernet interface. The terminal equipment may include devices that primarily implement control operations on the train, such as a Central Control Unit (CCU), a Vehicle Control Unit (VCU), a human machine interface system (HMI), air conditioning devices, brake control devices, pyrotechnic devices, traction devices, and the like.
In this case, at least one of the terminal devices of the vehicle may be configured with two ethernet interfaces, which are respectively connected to the first ECN node 211 and the second ECN node 212 in the vehicle. In this way, the terminal equipment can realize the redundancy of the double ECN looped networks, and the redundancy capability is improved.
In one example, some of the end devices, e.g., those end devices whose functionality is important, such as the retractor, the CCU, etc., are equipped with two ethernet interfaces to achieve higher redundancy capabilities. In another example, all end devices may be configured with two ethernet interfaces to achieve higher redundancy capabilities for all end devices.
In the scheme, all ECN nodes can adopt gigabit network nodes, so that the information transmission capability of the organized network is improved.
According to one aspect of the scheme, each ECN node 211, 212 is configured to monitor data frames received and transmitted in two directions, and report a link abnormal fault when an abnormality is found (for example, a frame loss rate is increased, a packet error rate is increased, and the like are considered as abnormal), so that accurate fault positioning is realized, and a master ECN node is informed to apply for link switching, thereby ensuring normal communication.
Fig. 3a shows a schematic diagram of the ECN ring network with a link exception. As shown in fig. 3a, the ECN ring network comprises 4
In fig. 3a, data may normally flow in a clockwise direction in the ECN ring network from
In addition, as shown in fig. 3b, the
In one example,
After the abnormal link is broken and the fast switching is completed in the linear network, the failed
In this way, the first ECN network 210 and the second ECN network 220 can implement rapid fault diagnosis and rapid self-healing of the ring network nodes through a rapid ring network algorithm, and when one ring network fails, rapid automatic switching is performed, so that the normal function of the whole vehicle is ensured.
According to an aspect of the invention, due to the existence of the dual ECN ring networks, the two ECN ring networks can be configured as different data links. As an example, the first ECN network 210 may be configured as a control link for transmitting only control data, and the second ECN network 220 may be configured as a converged link for transmitting both control data and multimedia data.
In one example, two links may be isolated by a VLAN (virtual local area network), and messages in different VLANs are isolated from each other during transmission, that is, a user in one VLAN cannot directly communicate with a user in another VLAN, and if different VLANs are to communicate, three layers of devices such as a router or a three-layer switch are required.
In this manner, the first ECN network 210 and the second ECN network 220 belong to two different network segments. Each terminal device can be respectively accessed to two ECN nodes of the vehicle through two Ethernet interfaces, the two network interfaces transmit control data in real time, the receiving device receives the control data through a preset communication address, and after receiving two groups of data, in one example, the optimal message in two groups of signal picking messages can be screened by comparing at least based on message timeliness, message verification, message source address and the like.
Under normal conditions, the messages of the control link are adopted by default to realize the control of the whole vehicle, and when the messages of the control link are abnormal, the messages of the message collection fusion link are switched rapidly to realize the hot standby redundancy of the link of the vehicle-level communication.
In one example, a time division multiplexing scheduling technology can be adopted for multimedia data and control data, so that the real-time certainty of the control data is guaranteed, and the problem of control data blockage caused by transient flow is avoided. In general, the ethernet adopts exchange store-and-forward, and there are cases that the two transmit simultaneously causing collision or causing data blockage due to large instantaneous flow, time-sharing multiplexing scheduling is to change the existing exchange store-and-forward mode, differentiate the time to microsecond level, each is an independent time domain, combine the transmission channel to form a plurality of time-spaces, each time-space only transmits one data, realize the transmission channel time-sharing is not used, and avoid collision and blockage.
FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram of data mining logic in accordance with an aspect of the subject invention.
As shown in fig. 4, each terminal device may monitor the control link and the converged link at the same time, and send a failure prompt once data abnormality is found in either the control link or the converged link.
Under the condition that the control link data is normal, the terminal equipment preferentially collects the control link data, and the control data transmitted by the control link is used for realizing the control of the whole vehicle. And under the condition that the control link data is abnormal and the converged link data is normal, the terminal equipment collects and transmits the converged link data, and the control data transmitted by the converged link is used for realizing the control of the whole vehicle.
Fig. 5 illustrates a topology diagram of a train-level network in accordance with an aspect of the subject innovation. Fig. 5 shows two groups and their corresponding group networks, each of which is two ECN networks, a first ECN network 510 and a second ECN network 520. Each vehicle may include a first ECN node 511 and a second ECN node 512 therein, and the first ECN node 511 of each vehicle in the consist may form a first ECN network 510 and the second ECN node 512 may form a second ECN network 520.
In the example shown in fig. 5, the ECN nodes are connected to each other in a ring network to form an ECN ring network. Thus, each consist may include two ECN rings. The ECN ring network can realize redundant communication links, namely, the network communication function of the ECN ring network cannot be influenced by the fault of one ECN node.
The terminal equipment of each vehicle can be accessed into the ECN ring network through the Ethernet interface. The terminal equipment may include devices that primarily implement control operations on the train, such as a Central Control Unit (CCU), a Vehicle Control Unit (VCU), a human machine interface system (HMI), air conditioning devices, brake control devices, pyrotechnic devices, traction devices, and the like.
In this case, at least one of the terminal devices of the vehicle may be configured with two ethernet interfaces, which are respectively connected to the first ECN node 511 and the second ECN node 512 in the vehicle. In this way, the terminal equipment can realize the redundancy of the double ECN looped networks, and the redundancy capability is improved.
In this embodiment, all ECN nodes may adopt gigabit network nodes, thereby improving the information transmission capability of the networking.
According to one aspect of the scheme, each ECN node 511 and 512 is configured to monitor data frames received and transmitted in two directions, and report a link abnormal fault when an abnormality is found (for example, a frame loss rate is increased, a packet error rate is increased, and the like are considered as abnormal), so that accurate fault positioning is realized, and a master ECN node is informed to apply for link switching, thereby ensuring normal communication.
In addition, due to the existence of the double ECN looped networks, the two ECN looped networks can be configured into different data links. As an example, the first ECN network 510 may be configured as a control link for transmitting only control data, and the second ECN network 520 may be configured as a converged link for transmitting both control data and multimedia data.
In this manner, the first ECN network 510 and the second ECN network 520 belong to two different network segments. Each terminal device can be respectively accessed to two ECN nodes of the vehicle through two Ethernet interfaces, the two network interfaces transmit control data in real time, the receiving device receives the control data through a preset communication address, and after receiving two groups of data, in one example, the optimal message in two groups of signal picking messages can be screened by comparing at least based on message timeliness, message verification, message source address and the like.
Under normal conditions, the messages of the control link are adopted by default to realize the control of the whole vehicle, and when the messages of the control link are abnormal, the messages of the message collection fusion link are switched rapidly to realize the hot standby redundancy of the link of the vehicle-level communication.
In one example, a time division multiplexing scheduling technology can be adopted for multimedia data and control data, so that the real-time certainty of the control data is guaranteed, and the problem of control data blockage caused by transient flow is avoided. In general, the ethernet adopts exchange store-and-forward, and there are cases that the two transmit simultaneously causing collision or causing data blockage due to large instantaneous flow, time-sharing multiplexing scheduling is to change the existing exchange store-and-forward mode, differentiate the time to microsecond level, each is an independent time domain, combine the transmission channel to form a plurality of time-spaces, each time-space only transmits one data, realize the transmission channel time-sharing is not used, and avoid collision and blockage.
In one example, two links may be isolated by a VLAN (virtual local area network), and messages in different VLANs are isolated from each other during transmission, that is, a user in one VLAN cannot directly communicate with a user in another VLAN, and if different VLANs are to communicate, three layers of devices such as a router or a three-layer switch are required.
In fig. 5, the network control system further includes an ETB backbone 530 in case of a reconnection requirement. Four ETB nodes 531 and 534 are shown in fig. 5. In each marshalling network, two ETB nodes are redundant to each other and are respectively connected to different ECN nodes so as to further improve the redundancy capability. Two marshalling networks achieve cross-marshalling communication through ETB backbone 530.
The ETB node 531-534 can realize the rapid detection of the fault point and the fault bypass when a single node or a single line has a fault through a link convergence redundancy strategy without influencing the communication.
Fig. 6a and 6b show schematic diagrams of bypass relay implemented by the link aggregation policy. As shown in fig. 6a, in a normal communication state, link a connects ports 1 and 3 of the ETB node, link B connects ports 2 and 4 of the ETB node, and the ETB node communicates with other ETB nodes through two links, i.e., link a and link B, to implement link redundancy. When the ETB node fails, the ETB node can be bypassed, and the link A and the link B are connected through a standby line bypassing the ETB node, so that the link A and the link B can still realize the normal data link function.
Fig. 7 illustrates a topology diagram of a
As shown in fig. 7, the
ECN nodes may include network devices, such as switches, routers, etc., that are used primarily to build connections for the network. The router in the ECN should be configured with a minimum of two IP interfaces, and the exchange of data frames on the network layer can be realized. The switch mainly realizes the exchange transmission of network data frames on a link layer, and is a main device type in the ECN.
In the example shown in fig. 7, ECN nodes are connected by link aggregation to form an ECN network. In this way, the ECN network can implement redundant communication links, i.e. the network communication functions of the ECN network are not affected by the failure of one ECN node.
Fig. 8a and 8b show schematic diagrams of bypass relay implemented by the link aggregation policy. As shown in fig. 8a, in the normal communication state, link a connects ports 1 and 3 of the ECN node, link B connects ports 2 and 4 of the ECN node, and the ECN node communicates with other ECN nodes through two links, link a and link B, to implement link redundancy. When the ECN node fails, the ECN node can be bypassed, and the link A and the link B are connected through a standby line bypassing the ECN node, and the link A and the link B can still realize the normal data link function.
The terminal device of each vehicle can access the ECN network of the vehicle in which the terminal device is located through the Ethernet interface. The terminal equipment may include devices that primarily implement control operations on the train, such as a Central Control Unit (CCU), a Vehicle Control Unit (VCU), a human machine interface system (HMI), air conditioning devices, brake control devices, pyrotechnic devices, traction devices, and the like.
In this case, at least one of the terminal devices of the vehicle may be configured with two ethernet interfaces, which are respectively connected to the
In one example, some of the end devices, e.g., those end devices whose functionality is important, such as the retractor, the CCU, etc., are equipped with two ethernet interfaces to achieve higher redundancy capabilities. In another example, all end devices may be configured with two ethernet interfaces to achieve higher redundancy capabilities for all end devices.
In the scheme, all ECN nodes can adopt gigabit network nodes, so that the information transmission capability of the organized network is improved.
Since the marshalling network employs dual ECN networks, the two ECN networks may be configured as different data links. As an example, the
In this manner, the
Under normal conditions, the messages of the control link are adopted by default to realize the control of the whole vehicle, and when the messages of the control link are abnormal, the messages of the message collection fusion link are switched rapidly to realize the hot standby redundancy of the link of the vehicle-level communication.
In one example, a time division multiplexing scheduling technology can be adopted for multimedia data and control data, so that the real-time certainty of the control data is guaranteed, and the problem of control data blockage caused by transient flow is avoided. In general, the ethernet adopts exchange store-and-forward, and there are cases that the two transmit simultaneously causing collision or causing data blockage due to large instantaneous flow, time-sharing multiplexing scheduling is to change the existing exchange store-and-forward mode, differentiate the time to microsecond level, each is an independent time domain, combine the transmission channel to form a plurality of time-spaces, each time-space only transmits one data, realize the transmission channel time-sharing is not used, and avoid collision and blockage.
In one example, two links may be isolated by a VLAN (virtual local area network), and messages in different VLANs are isolated from each other during transmission, that is, a user in one VLAN cannot directly communicate with a user in another VLAN, and if different VLANs are to communicate, three layers of devices such as a router or a three-layer switch are required.
Those of skill in the art would understand that information, signals, and data may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits (bits), symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The various illustrative logical modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.
In one or more exemplary embodiments, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software as a computer program product, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a web site, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk (disk) and disc (disc), as used herein, includes Compact Disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc where disks (disks) usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs (discs) reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
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