阅读说明：本技术 一种正山小种烟熏专用燃料棒及使用方法 (Special fuel rod for fumigating of hill races and use method ) 是由 唐丽荣 黄彪 陈学榕 吕建华 卢贝丽 何晨露 蔡政汉 杨旋 林凤采 陈燕丹 林咏 于 2020-07-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种正山小种烟熏专用燃料棒及其使用方法,该专用燃料棒是以松木屑、炭粉、腐植酸类物质、松脂和松节油为原料制成,其具有原料来源广泛,点火容易、升温快、温度调节灵敏度高、发烟效果稳定、烟熏性能好等优点。在茶叶萎凋、熏焙和复焙过程中,采用所述专用燃料棒进行暗火烟熏,其在产生热量的同时,燃料棒中的挥发性成分和热解产物可散发出来并被茶叶吸收,而使所得正山小种品质更稳定,松烟香更浓郁持久,二次耐泡性更持久,茶味松烟香融合度较高,具有较好市场前景。(The invention discloses a special fuel rod for fumigating hill and hill races and a use method thereof. During the tea withering, smoking and re-baking processes, the special fuel rod is adopted for dark fire smoking, volatile components and pyrolysis products in the fuel rod can be emitted and absorbed by tea while heat is generated, so that the obtained hill seeds are more stable in quality, stronger and more durable in pine aroma, more durable in secondary soaking resistance, higher in tea flavor and pine aroma fusion degree, and better in market prospect.)

1. The fuel rod special for the small Zhengshan seed fumigation is characterized in that pine sawdust, carbon powder, rosin and turpentine are uniformly mixed, humic acid substances are added to the mixture to be uniformly kneaded, the obtained mixed material is extruded and formed by a forming machine, and finally the mixture is dried to obtain the fuel rod special for the small Zhengshan seed fumigation.

2. The fuel rod special for fumigating of the hill seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the turpentine accounts for 5-20% of the total weight of the pine sawdust and the carbon powder, the amount of the turpentine accounts for 1-10% of the total weight of the pine sawdust and the carbon powder, and the amount of the humic acid substances accounts for 3-6% of the total weight of the pine sawdust and the carbon powder, based on 100% of the total weight of the pine sawdust and the carbon powder; the weight percentage ratio of the pine wood chips to the carbon powder is (3-6): (4-7).

3. The fuel rod special for fumigating of orchids and races of claim 1, wherein the pine wood chips have a particle size of less than 6mm, a water content of less than 15%, and no impurities.

4. The fuel rod special for the fumigation of the hill and hill races as recited in claim 1, wherein the carbon powder has a water content of not higher than 8wt% and a calorific value of not lower than 4000 kcal/kg.

5. The fuel rod special for mountain and hill fumigation as recited in claim 1, wherein the content of α -pinene in the turpentine is not less than 55% and the content of β -pinene is not less than 30%.

6. The fuel rod special for fumigating of the hill and hill species as claimed in claim 1, wherein the humic acid substance comprises any one of humic acid, sodium humate and potassium humate.

7. The fuel rod special for the fumigation of the hill and hill species as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the extrusion forming is 80-100 ℃.

8. The special fuel rod for the fumigation of the mountainous and small species as claimed in claim 1, wherein the special fuel rod is a square column, the length of the column is 40-50cm, and the side length of the square section is 5 cm; the center of the square section is provided with a pore canal extending along the length direction of the column body, the pore canal penetrates through two end faces of the square column body, and the diameter of the pore canal is 0.8 cm.

9. The method for using the fuel rod special for the fumigation of the hill and hill races as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the tea leaf withering, fumigation and re-roasting processes, one end of the special fuel rod is ignited for the smoldering.

10. The use method of the fuel rod special for fumigating of the hill and hill species as claimed in claim 9, wherein the fuel rod special for fumigating is arranged according to the usage amount of 1-5 fuel rods per square meter.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tea processing, and particularly relates to a special fumigating fuel rod for a hill and a hill race and a using method thereof.

Background

The Zhengshan Xiaozhong belongs to a fully fermented black tea, is the earliest black tea in the world, is called as the 'ancestor' of the world black tea, has a history of over 400 years so far, is mainly produced in natural and cultural heritage in the world, namely a Xingchun village in the natural protection region of Wuyi mountain, and a Yangshan village in the construction region, has tea leaf aromatic oil due to high altitude and thin air, is endowed with unique pine smoke aroma and longan soup flavor, has relatively high tea leaf aroma, is fragrant after being brewed, has long duration, is deeply loved by consumers inside and outside the sea, is registered by national geographic signs in 2002, and is listed in a fifth-batch non-substance culture heritage representative project directory of Fujian province in 2017.

The ancient method for producing small mountain variety adopts green building pine material smoking process. The green house is a three-layer wooden building, the procedures of withering, smoking baking and re-baking of tea leaves are all completed in the green house, the bottom layer is a fire stove for burning pine, and hot air of the pine gradually enters the second layer and the third layer for drying and withering. However, since the tung tree is a national-level natural protection area, local pine cannot be cut down, and needs to be dispatched and transported from the peripheral area of a national park and even from the provinces and cities, the artificial propagation of major forest pests such as pine nematode disease and the like is very likely to be caused, great hidden dangers are brought to the forest ecological safety of the national park, the tea production in the whole village is moved out, the cost is too high, and the zero withering and non-missing skills of the traditional mountain and small variety industry can be caused. Meanwhile, the tea quality is unstable due to the unstable oil content in the pine. Therefore, the agricultural and forestry wastes such as sawdust and the like are fully and reasonably utilized, and the biomass fuel rod special for the mountain-front race fumigation is developed to replace loose wood, so that the quality stability of tea is improved, the establishment of a standard tea making process is facilitated, and meanwhile, the contradiction conflict among the economic benefit of tea farmers, the protection of non-material cultural heritage and the national ecological civilization construction can be effectively solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a fuel rod special for fumigating of hill and hill races and a using method thereof, aiming at the outstanding contradiction between the development of hill and hill race black tea and environmental protection, ecological protection and civilian guarantee, the fuel rod can improve the fumigating quality of tea and the formation and accumulation of aroma components, and has good market prospect.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a fuel rod special for fumigating of small species in the mountains is prepared by uniformly mixing pine wood chips, carbon powder, turpentine and turpentine, adding humic acid substances, uniformly kneading, carrying out extrusion forming on the obtained mixed material by a forming machine, and finally drying to obtain the fuel rod special for fumigating of the small species in the mountains. Wherein, the compression strength and the falling strength of the molding materials can be obviously improved by adopting a molding machine for molding treatment.

Wherein, the dosage of the turpentine accounts for 5-20% of the total weight of the pine wood chips and the carbon powder, the dosage of the turpentine accounts for 1-10% of the total weight of the pine wood chips and the carbon powder, and the dosage of the humic acid substances accounts for 3-6% of the total weight of the pine wood chips and the carbon powder, based on 100% of the total weight of the pine wood chips and the carbon powder; the weight percentage ratio of the pine wood chips to the carbon powder is (3-6): (4-7).

Wherein the particle size of the pine sawdust is less than 6mm, the water content is less than 15%, and the pine sawdust is free of impurities.

The carbon powder has a water content of not higher than 8wt% and a calorific value of not less than 4000 kcal/kg.

The rosin is oleoresin obtained from trunk of Pinus massoniana or other plants of Pinaceae, and is the residue after distilling to remove volatile oil.

The turpentine is volatile oil obtained by distilling or extracting oleoresin exuded from trees of Pinus of Pinaceae, and its main component is pinene, wherein the content of alpha-pinene is not less than 55%, and the content of beta-pinene is not less than 30%.

The humic acid substance is an organic high molecular polymer containing carboxyl, hydroxyl and benzene ring structures, and comprises any one of humic acid, sodium humate, potassium humate and the like.

The extrusion forming temperature is 80-100 ℃.

The special fuel rod is a square column body, the length of the column body is 40-50cm, and the side length of a square section of the special fuel rod is 5 cm; the center of the square section is provided with a pore passage extending along the length direction of the column body, the pore passage penetrates through two end faces of the square column body, the diameter of the pore passage is 0.8cm, the pore passage is arranged to facilitate air circulation, the air permeability of the fuel rod is improved, and the combustion performance is improved.

The application method of the special fuel rod for fumigating the small mountains is characterized in that loose wood is not burnt at the bottom layer of the green house in the tea withering, fumigating and re-baking processes, the special fuel rod is placed on the second layer of the green house, one end of the special fuel rod is burnt for fumigating with dark fire, loose smoke is released while heat is generated, and then volatile components and pyrolysis products in the fuel rod are released and absorbed by the tea. When smoking, the special fuel rods are placed according to the usage amount of 1-5 fuel rods per square meter.

As pine sawdust is scattered, the pine sawdust is difficult to be pressed and formed, and the smoked flavor generated by direct combustion of pine is difficult to achieve when the pine sawdust is singly used. In order to solve the problem, pine wood chips and rosin are combined, charcoal powder is added to serve as an auxiliary forming agent, a non-toxic and tasteless humic acid substance and the rosin serve as an adhesive, and the mixture is kneaded and extruded to form the fuel rod special for the small Zhengshan seed fumigation.

The carbon powder can obviously improve the formability of pine sawdust and the combustion heat value of the fuel rod, so that the heat productivity can reach 4200kcal/kg, the benzene alcohol extract is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the ash content is less than or equal to 5 percent. Humic acid substances are organic high molecular polymers which widely exist in nature and contain carboxyl, hydroxyl and benzene ring structures, are non-toxic and tasteless, and can be used as a binder to further improve the formability of pine wood chips. The rosin is heated and melted in the extrusion process, can play a role in adhesion with humic acid substances, and the use of the rosin can also improve the mildew-proof and moisture-proof properties of the fuel rod.

The invention has the following remarkable advantages:

(1) the fuel rod obtained by the invention has the peculiar smell of the loose wood, and has the advantages of high heat value, durable combustion, convenient storage and transportation and simple and stable production process. Meanwhile, compared with the original pine, the fuel rod has the advantages of easier ignition, fast temperature rise, high temperature regulation sensitivity, stable smoking effect and good smoking performance, and can ensure that tea has the smoking flavor of the traditional pine through the formation and accumulation of aroma components, thereby meeting the requirements of the smoking process.

(2) The traditional pine is directly burnt in a furnace, the flame temperature is high, and part of pine fragrance components can be damaged. Different from the traditional method that pine wood is burnt and supplied with heat in a green house stove, the invention ignites special fuel rods and places the special fuel rods in a green house for blind fire smoking withering, smoking baking and re-baking, thereby effectively protecting the fragrance components of the pine smoke, regulating and controlling the smoking degree, stabilizing the product quality and overcoming the defect that the quality of the Zhengshan seeds is difficult to control due to the uneven fat content of the pine material.

(3) The Zhengshan microspecies prepared by the special fuel rod through dark fire smoking are orange red and bright in soup color, dark red and bright at leaf bottoms, mellow, sweet and tasty, and have sensory quality similar to that of the traditional pine wood smoked Zhengshan microspecies, but the tea-flavored pine smoke has high fusion degree, the pine smoke is stronger and more durable, and the secondary foam resistance is more durable.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a sample diagram of a fuel rod specially used for fumigating Ningshan Xiaozhong prepared by the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view showing the usage of the fuel rod for fumigating of the hill and hill species of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.