Cassegrain type astronomical telescope
阅读说明：本技术 一种卡塞格林式的天文望远镜 (Cassegrain type astronomical telescope ) 是由 房勇 于 2020-08-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明适用于天文望远镜技术领域,提供了一种卡塞格林式的天文望远镜,包括主镜筒组件,主镜筒组件内设有共光轴的主反射镜、次反射镜和纠正镜组；拉杆调节组件,用于调节次反射镜相对主反射镜的距离和角度；调节螺丝组件,用于调节主反射镜相对次反射镜的距离和角度；六点支撑组件；六点支撑组件转动设置在调节螺丝组件上；用于支撑主反射镜。本发明采用了两片反射镜,有效的利用了空间,缩短光学系统的长度,结构也更为紧凑；通过采用独特的三点扩六点的方式,保证了镜片安装时各点受力均匀不会产生塌陷；通过拉杆调节组件和调节螺丝组件可以方便地改变主反射镜和次反射镜的位置、角度,进而达到调节光轴的目的。(The invention is suitable for the technical field of astronomical telescopes, and provides a Cassegrain type astronomical telescope, which comprises a main lens barrel assembly, wherein a main reflecting mirror, a secondary reflecting mirror and a correcting lens group which share a common optical axis are arranged in the main lens barrel assembly; the pull rod adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the distance and the angle of the secondary reflector relative to the main reflector; the adjusting screw assembly is used for adjusting the distance and the angle of the main reflector relative to the secondary reflector; a six-point support assembly; the six-point supporting assembly is rotatably arranged on the adjusting screw assembly; for supporting the primary mirror. The invention adopts two reflectors, effectively utilizes the space, shortens the length of the optical system and has more compact structure; by adopting a unique three-point and six-point expanding mode, each point is uniformly stressed and does not collapse when the lens is installed; the positions and angles of the main reflector and the secondary reflector can be conveniently changed through the pull rod adjusting assembly and the adjusting screw assembly, and the purpose of adjusting the optical axis is further achieved.)
1. The utility model provides a cassegrain's astronomical telescope, includes the primary mirror section of thick bamboo subassembly, be equipped with the primary mirror, the secondary mirror and the correction mirror group of sharing the optical axis in the primary mirror section of thick bamboo subassembly, the middle part trompil of primary mirror, its characterized in that, correct the mirror group and comprise plano-convex lens, biconcave lens and biconvex lens, astronomical telescope still includes:
the pull rod adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the distance and the angle of the secondary reflector relative to the primary reflector;
the adjusting screw assembly is used for adjusting the distance and the angle of the main reflector relative to the secondary reflector;
a six-point support assembly; the six-point supporting assembly is rotatably arranged on the adjusting screw assembly; for supporting the primary mirror.
2. A cassegrain-type astronomical telescope according to claim 1, wherein the primary barrel assembly comprises:
a main barrel;
a chassis; the chassis is arranged at one end of the main lens barrel; the middle part of the chassis is provided with an opening;
an upper ring of the main lens cone; the main lens cone upper ring is arranged at one end of the main lens cone far away from the chassis;
a main lens barrel lower ring; the main lens cone lower ring is arranged at one end of the main lens cone far away from the main lens cone upper ring;
a main lens barrel middle ring; the main lens cone middle ring is arranged between the main lens cone upper ring and the main lens cone lower ring;
a handle; the lower ring of the main lens cone is connected with the middle ring of the main lens cone through the handle; the handle is of a hollow structure.
3. The cassegrain-type astronomical telescope of claim 2, wherein said drawbar adjustment assembly comprises:
a secondary mirror support disc; the secondary reflector is arranged on the secondary reflector bracket disc;
a pull rod adjustment stud; the pull rod adjusting stud is provided with a plurality of pieces; a plurality of pull rod adjusting studs are uniformly arranged on the upper ring of the main lens barrel;
a pull rod piece; the pull rod piece is provided with a plurality of pieces; said secondary mirror support disk being connected to a plurality of said tie rod adjustment studs by a plurality of said tie rod pieces;
the pull rod adjusts the female head; the pull rod adjusting stud is provided with an external thread; the pull rod adjusting female head is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread; the pull rod adjusting female head is provided with a plurality of pull rods; the pull rod adjusting female heads are respectively arranged on the pull rod adjusting studs.
4. The cassegrain-type astronomical telescope of claim 2, wherein said adjustment screw assembly comprises:
a mirror bottom floating support disc; the lens bottom floating support disc is arranged in the main lens cone; the main reflecting mirror is arranged on the mirror bottom floating support disc;
screwing a top screw by hand; the hand-screwing top screw is provided with a plurality of pieces; a plurality of hand-screwed top screws are uniformly arranged on the chassis;
screwing a pulling screw by hand; the hand-screwed pulling screw penetrates through the base plate and is arranged on the mirror bottom floating support disc; the hand-screwed pulling screw is provided with a plurality of pieces; a plurality of hand-screwed pulling screws are uniformly distributed on the chassis;
a pressure spring; the pressure spring is provided with a plurality of pieces; a plurality of pressure springs are respectively arranged on a plurality of hand-screwed pull screws; the compression spring is arranged between the mirror bottom floating support disc and the chassis.
5. The cassegrain-type astronomical telescope of claim 4, wherein the six-point support assembly comprises:
a support rail; the supporting cross rod is provided with three pieces; and the three support cross rods are arranged on the mirror bottom floating support disc in a circumferential array rotating mode.
6. The cassegrain-type astronomical telescope according to claim 2, wherein the main barrel is made of carbon fiber.
7. The cassegrain-type astronomical telescope according to claim 4, further comprising:
a stray light eliminating cylinder; the stray light eliminating cylinder penetrates through a hole in the middle of the main reflecting mirror and is connected with the mirror bottom floating support disc;
focusing the inner cylinder; the focusing inner cylinder penetrates through the main lens barrel assembly and is connected with the correcting lens group; the correcting lens group is arranged between the impurity eliminating light cylinder and the focusing inner cylinder.
8. The cassegrain-type astronomical telescope according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dovetail plate; the dovetail plate is arranged on the main lens barrel assembly; the dovetail plate is of a hollow structure.
9. The cassegrain-type astronomical telescope of claim 1, wherein the primary mirror and the secondary mirror are coated with a reflective film on their opposite surfaces.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of astronomical telescopes, and particularly relates to a Cassegrain type astronomical telescope.
Background
Astronomical telescopes (Astronomical telescopes) are important tools for observing celestial bodies, and no modern astronomy exists without the birth and development of the telescopes. Along with the improvement and improvement of the performance of the telescope in all aspects, astronomy is undergoing a huge leap, and the understanding of the universe of human beings is rapidly promoted. The cassegrain telescope invented by cassegrain in 1672 is a reflecting telescope composed of two reflecting mirrors, wherein the large one of the reflecting mirrors is called primary mirror, and the small one is called secondary mirror. Typically, an aperture is made in the center of the primary mirror, imaging behind the primary mirror. Its focus is called the cassegrain focus.
However, the aperture of the telescope main reflector is often restricted by the self weight, and when the aperture is too large, the support structure of the main reflector is easy to collapse, so that astigmatism and coma are generated; the optical system only comprises a main reflector and a secondary reflector, and the imaging effect is poor; the adjustment of the optical axis by the adjustment mechanism is also difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
An embodiment of the invention aims to provide a cassegrain type astronomical telescope, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that a cassegrain type astronomical telescope comprises a main telescope barrel assembly, wherein a main reflecting mirror, a secondary reflecting mirror and a correcting mirror group which share a common optical axis are arranged in the main telescope barrel assembly, the middle part of the main reflecting mirror is provided with a hole, the correcting mirror group consists of a plano-convex lens, a biconcave lens and a biconvex lens, and the astronomical telescope further comprises:
the pull rod adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the distance and the angle of the secondary reflector relative to the primary reflector;
the adjusting screw assembly is used for adjusting the distance and the angle of the main reflector relative to the secondary reflector;
a six-point support assembly; the six-point supporting assembly is rotatably arranged on the adjusting screw assembly; for supporting the primary mirror.
Preferably, the main barrel assembly includes:
a main barrel;
a chassis; the chassis is arranged at one end of the main lens barrel; the middle part of the chassis is provided with an opening;
an upper ring of the main lens cone; the main lens cone upper ring is arranged at one end of the main lens cone far away from the chassis;
a main lens barrel lower ring; the main lens cone lower ring is arranged at one end of the main lens cone far away from the main lens cone upper ring;
a main lens barrel middle ring; the main lens cone middle ring is arranged between the main lens cone upper ring and the main lens cone lower ring;
a handle; the lower ring of the main lens cone is connected with the middle ring of the main lens cone through the handle; the handle is of a hollow structure.
Preferably, the drawbar adjustment assembly comprises:
a secondary mirror support disc; the secondary reflector is arranged on the secondary reflector bracket disc;
a pull rod adjustment stud; the pull rod adjusting stud is provided with a plurality of pieces; a plurality of pull rod adjusting studs are uniformly arranged on the upper ring of the main lens barrel;
a pull rod piece; the pull rod piece is provided with a plurality of pieces; said secondary mirror support disk being connected to a plurality of said tie rod adjustment studs by a plurality of said tie rod pieces;
the pull rod adjusts the female head; the pull rod adjusting stud is provided with an external thread; the pull rod adjusting female head is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread; the pull rod adjusting female head is provided with a plurality of pull rods; the pull rod adjusting female heads are respectively arranged on the pull rod adjusting studs.
Preferably, the adjusting screw assembly includes:
a mirror bottom floating support disc; the lens bottom floating support disc is arranged in the main lens cone; the main reflecting mirror is arranged on the mirror bottom floating support disc;
screwing a top screw by hand; the hand-screwing top screw is provided with a plurality of pieces; a plurality of hand-screwed top screws are uniformly arranged on the chassis;
screwing a pulling screw by hand; the hand-screwed pulling screw penetrates through the base plate and is arranged on the mirror bottom floating support disc; the hand-screwed pulling screw is provided with a plurality of pieces; a plurality of hand-screwed pulling screws are uniformly distributed on the chassis;
a pressure spring; the pressure spring is provided with a plurality of pieces; a plurality of pressure springs are respectively arranged on a plurality of hand-screwed pull screws; the compression spring is arranged between the mirror bottom floating support disc and the chassis.
Preferably, the six-point support assembly includes:
a support rail; the supporting cross rod is provided with three pieces; and the three support cross rods are arranged on the mirror bottom floating support disc in a circumferential array rotating mode.
Preferably, the main barrel is made of a carbon fiber material.
Preferably, the astronomical telescope further comprises:
a stray light eliminating cylinder; the stray light eliminating cylinder penetrates through a hole in the middle of the main reflecting mirror and is connected with the mirror bottom floating support disc;
focusing the inner cylinder; the focusing inner cylinder penetrates through the main lens barrel assembly and is connected with the correcting lens group; the correcting lens group is arranged between the impurity eliminating light cylinder and the focusing inner cylinder.
Preferably, the astronomical telescope further comprises:
a dovetail plate; the dovetail plate is arranged on the main lens barrel assembly; the dovetail plate is of a hollow structure.
Preferably, the surfaces of the main reflecting mirror opposite to the secondary reflecting mirror are plated with reflecting films.
The embodiment of the invention provides a Cassegrain type astronomical telescope, which adopts an optical system consisting of a main reflecting mirror, a secondary reflecting mirror and a correcting mirror group which share a common optical axis, and adopts a pull rod adjusting assembly, an adjusting screw assembly, a six-point supporting assembly and the like as mechanical systems. The optical system adopts two reflectors, so that the space is effectively utilized, the length of the optical system is shortened, and the structure is more compact; the six-point supporting assembly adopts a unique three-point six-point expanding mode, so that each point is uniformly stressed and does not collapse when the lens is installed; the positions and angles of the main reflector and the secondary reflector can be conveniently changed through the pull rod adjusting assembly and the adjusting screw assembly, and the purpose of adjusting the optical axis is further achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cassegrain-type astronomical telescope according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an optical diagram of an astronomical telescope provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-point support provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a six-point support assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a drawbar adjustment assembly according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a portion of a drawbar adjustment assembly according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a partial schematic structural diagram of an adjusting screw assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings: 1. an upper ring of the main lens cone; 2. the pull rod adjusts the female head; 3. a pull rod piece; 4. a secondary mirror support disc; 5. a pull rod adjustment stud; 6. a secondary mirror; 7. a main barrel; 8. a main lens barrel middle ring; 9. a handle; 10. a stray light eliminating cylinder; 11. a main mirror; 12. a main lens barrel lower ring; 13. a chassis; 14. a mirror bottom floating support disc; 15. a plano-convex lens; 16. a biconcave lens; 17. a lenticular lens; 18. focusing the inner cylinder; 19. a six-point support assembly; 20. screwing a top screw by hand; 21. screwing a pulling screw by hand; 22. a dovetail plate; 23. fastening screws; 24. a pressure spring; 25. a support rail.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Specific implementations of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a cassegrain type astronomical telescope according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a main barrel 7 assembly, a coaxial main reflector 11, a secondary reflector 6 and a correcting lens group are disposed in the main barrel 7 assembly, a hole is formed in the middle of the main reflector 11, the correcting lens group is composed of a plano-convex lens 15, a biconcave lens 16 and a biconvex lens 17, and the astronomical telescope further includes:
a pull rod adjusting assembly for adjusting the distance and angle of the secondary mirror 6 relative to the primary mirror 11;
the adjusting screw assembly is used for adjusting the distance and the angle of the main reflector 11 relative to the secondary reflector 6;
a six-point support assembly 19; the six-point supporting assembly 19 is rotatably arranged on the adjusting screw assembly; for supporting the main mirror 11.
In practical application, the secondary reflector 6 is arranged at one end of the main lens barrel 7 assembly, the primary reflector 11 and the correcting lens group are arranged at the other end, and the primary reflector 11 is positioned between the secondary reflector 6 and the correcting lens group. A main reflection mirror 11 for condensing and reflecting the emitted light; the secondary reflector 6 is used for receiving the emitted light of the primary reflector 11 and carrying out convergent imaging at a focal point; and the correcting lens group is used for correcting coma so that an image field is relatively complete. The correcting lens group is composed of a plano-convex lens 15, a biconcave lens 16 and a biconvex lens 17, the plane of the plano-convex lens 15 faces the main reflector 11, the opposite surfaces of the biconcave lens 16 and the biconvex lens 17 are connected together, and the biconcave lens 16 is positioned between the plano-convex lens 15 and the biconvex lens 17. As shown in fig. 2, light first enters the main mirror 11, is reflected by the main mirror 11 and converged on the main mirror 11, is reflected by the main mirror 11, reaches the plano-convex lens 15 through an opening in the middle of the main mirror 11, reaches the biconcave lens 16 and the biconvex lens 17 through refraction by the plano-convex lens 15, and is converged into the eye of an observer through refraction by the biconcave lens 16 and the biconvex lens 17. In addition, the invention can adjust the position of the secondary reflector 6 through the pull rod adjusting component and adjust the position of the primary reflector 11 through the adjusting screw component, thereby adjusting the optical axis of the telescope. Considering that the relative aperture of the main mirror 11 is large and the weight thereof is relatively large, if the conventional three-point support (as shown in fig. 3) is adopted, collapse may be generated around the load point, astigmatism, coma aberration and the like are easily generated, and thus the imaging quality of the mirror surface is affected. Therefore, the invention adopts a unique three-point six-point expanding mode (as shown in figure 4) on the mirror bottom supporting disc of the main reflector 11, and adds a six-point supporting component 19 on the basis of the original three-point support, and the six-point supporting component 19 can rotate up and down around a fixed shaft to ensure that each point is stressed uniformly and can not collapse when the lens is installed. The invention adopts an optical system consisting of a main reflector 11, a secondary reflector 6 and a correcting mirror group which are coaxial, and adopts a pull rod adjusting component, an adjusting screw component, a six-point supporting component 19 and the like as a mechanical system. The optical system adopts two reflectors, so that the space is effectively utilized, the length of the optical system is shortened, and the structure is more compact; the six-point supporting assembly 19 adopts a unique three-point six-point expanding mode, so that each point is uniformly stressed and does not collapse when the lens is installed; the positions and angles of the main reflector 11 and the secondary reflector 6 can be conveniently changed through the pull rod adjusting assembly and the adjusting screw assembly, and the purpose of adjusting the optical axis is further achieved. The good image range of the imaging circle can reach 80MM, and the large-image-circle special star shooting lens is a popular large-image-circle special star shooting lens in the market; compared with the telescope cones of similar caliber series on the market, the short focal ratio structure of F5 can effectively shorten the exposure time and reduce the burden of the long-time tracking precision of the equatorial telescope.
As shown in fig. 1, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main barrel 7 assembly includes:
a main barrel 7;
a chassis 13; the chassis 13 is arranged at one end of the main lens barrel 7; the middle part of the chassis 13 is provided with an opening;
the main lens cone 7 is arranged on the upper ring 1; the upper ring 1 of the main lens cone 7 is arranged at one end of the main lens cone 7 far away from the chassis 13;
a main barrel lower ring 12; the main lens cone lower ring 12 is arranged at one end of the main lens cone 7 far away from the main lens cone 7 upper ring 1;
a main barrel middle ring 8; the main lens cone middle ring 8 is arranged between the main lens cone 7 upper ring 1 and the main lens cone lower ring 12;
a handle 9; the main lens cone lower ring 12 is connected with the main lens cone middle ring 8 through the handle 9; the handle 9 is of a hollow structure.
Specifically, the secondary reflector 6 is arranged at one end of the main lens cone 7, the main reflector 11 and the correcting lens group are arranged at the other end, and the main reflector 11 is positioned between the secondary reflector 6 and the correcting lens group; the pull rod adjusting component is arranged on the upper ring 1 of the main lens cone 7, the middle part of the chassis 13 is provided with openings, and the correcting lens group is arranged between the openings; the adjusting screw assembly is arranged on the chassis 13; the main lens cone lower ring 12 is connected on the chassis 13; the main lens cone lower ring 12 is connected with the main lens cone middle ring 8 through a handle 9; the handle 9 adopts a hollow structure to reduce the weight of the astronomical telescope.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drawbar adjustment assembly includes:
a secondary
a pull
a pull rod piece 3; the pull rod piece 3 is provided with a plurality of pieces; the secondary
the pull rod adjusting
Specifically, the pull
As shown in fig. 7, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting screw assembly includes:
a mirror bottom floating support disc 14; the lens bottom floating support disc 14 is arranged in the main lens barrel 7; the main reflector 11 is arranged on the bottom floating support disc 14;
screwing the top screw 20 by hand; the hand-screwing top screw 20 is provided with a plurality of pieces; a plurality of hand-screwed top screws 20 are uniformly arranged on the bottom plate 13;
hand-tightening the draw screw 21; the hand-screwed pulling screw 21 is arranged on the mirror bottom floating support disc 14 through the base plate 13; the hand-screwed pulling screw 21 is provided with a plurality of pieces; a plurality of hand-screwed pulling screws 21 are uniformly distributed on the base plate 13;
a pressure spring 24; the pressure spring 24 is provided with a plurality of pieces; a plurality of pressure springs 24 are respectively arranged on a plurality of hand-screwed pull screws 21; the compression spring 24 is arranged between the mirror bottom floating support disk 14 and the chassis 13.
Specifically, the purpose of adjusting the optical axis is achieved mainly by changing the positions and angles of the primary mirror 11 and the secondary mirror 6 in use. The hand-tightening pull screw 21 is loosened, and the hand-tightening top screw 20 is tightened, so that the mirror bottom floating support disc 14 is far away from the chassis 13, and the mirror bottom floating support disc 14 drives the main reflector 11 to be close to the secondary reflector 6; by loosening the hand-tightening top screw 20 and tightening the hand-tightening pull screw 21, the bottom floating support disk 14 is brought closer to the chassis 13, and the bottom floating support disk 14 in turn brings the primary mirror 11 away from the secondary mirror 6. In the embodiment, three groups of hand-screwed top screws 20, hand-screwed pull screws 21 and pressure springs 24 are arranged on the main mirror base, so that the position and the angle of the main mirror can reach proper positions through adjustment.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the six-point support assembly 19 includes:
a support rail 25; the support cross bar 25 is provided with three pieces; three support cross rods 25 are rotatably arranged on the mirror bottom floating support disc 14 in a circumferential array.
Specifically, the main mirror 11 has a relatively large aperture and a relatively large weight, and if the conventional three-point support (as shown in fig. 3) is adopted, collapse may occur around a load point, so that astigmatism, coma aberration and the like are easily generated, and the imaging quality of the mirror surface is affected. Therefore, the invention adopts a unique three-point six-point expanding mode on the mirror bottom supporting disc of the main reflector 11, and adds three supporting cross rods 25 on the basis of the original three-point support, and the three supporting cross rods 25 can rotate up and down around the fixed shaft to ensure that each point is stressed uniformly and can not collapse when the lens is installed.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main barrel 7 is made of a carbon fiber material.
Specifically, the carbon fiber material can reduce the weight of the astronomical telescope and ensure the strength of the astronomical telescope.
As shown in fig. 1, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the astronomical telescope further comprises:
a stray light eliminating cylinder 10; the stray light eliminating cylinder 10 penetrates through a hole in the middle of the main reflecting mirror 11 and is connected with the mirror bottom floating support disc 14;
a focusing inner cylinder 18; the focusing inner cylinder 18 penetrates through the main lens cone 7 component to be connected with the correcting lens group; the correcting lens group is arranged between the impurity removing light tube 10 and the focusing inner tube 18.
Specifically, the stray light eliminating tube 10 can eliminate the influence of some stray light on the astronomical telescope and increase the imaging quality of the astronomical telescope. The stray light eliminating barrel 10 penetrates through a hole in the middle of the main reflecting mirror 11 to be connected with the mirror bottom floating supporting disc 14, and the star point cannot be influenced by extrusion of the main reflecting mirror 11 due to self weight. The imaging level and the use performance of the astronomical telescope are improved by adding the stray light eliminating cylinder 10 and the focusing inner cylinder 18.
As shown in fig. 1, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the astronomical telescope further comprises:
a dovetail plate 22; the dovetail plate 22 is arranged on the main lens barrel 7 assembly; the dovetail plate 22 is a hollow structure.
Specifically, the hollow design of the dovetail plate 22 not only reduces the weight of the astronomical telescope, but also allows more accessories to be connected, thereby bringing more convenience. The main lens cone 7, the main reflector 11, the secondary reflector 6 and the correcting lens group are adjusted to be coaxial through the pull rod adjusting assembly and the adjusting screw assembly, different adapter ports are connected to the dovetail plate 22, and then different astronomical equipment is connected, and the telescopic optical lens can be used.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surfaces of the main reflecting mirror 11 facing the sub reflecting mirror 6 are coated with a reflecting film.
Specifically, the two surfaces adopt low-temperature coating technology, and the reflectivity of the coated reflecting film reaches more than 95%, so that the definition of picture imaging is improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
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