阅读说明：本技术 一种垂枝樱花盆景的制作方法 (Making method of weeping cherry bonsai ) 是由 付涛 严春风 王志龙 于 2020-07-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种垂枝樱花盆景的制作方法,其制作方法步骤如下：步骤一：品种的选择；步骤二：树苗的选择；步骤三：容器的选择,容器底部要平整、轻重适宜。樱花栽植后能摆放稳定、不倾倒；步骤四：基质的配制,盆景基质的配制可参照容器育苗,若有条件,可在表层撒上砂石、青苔等以增加盆景园艺效果；步骤五：上盆定植,气生根类速成盆景,先用绑有湿润基质的无纺布包裹枝干,待根团形成后截取、移植入容器栽培；步骤六：整形修剪；步骤七：肥水管理,参考樱花容器苗的繁育、栽培,应多施磷钾肥,少施氮肥,防止营养过剩影响花芽分化,建议多用缓释性肥料；步骤八：盆景的放置,樱花盆景适合放置在全日照的场所栽培,尤其是生长阶段。(The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a weeping cherry bonsai, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: selecting varieties; step two: selecting saplings; step three: the bottom of the container is flat and has proper weight. The cherry blossom can be stably placed without toppling after being planted; step four: preparing a substrate, wherein the preparation of the bonsai substrate can refer to container seedling culture, and if conditions exist, sand, moss and the like can be scattered on the surface layer to increase the bonsai gardening effect; step five: planting in a pot, wherein aerial roots quickly grow into a bonsai, the branches and the stems are wrapped by non-woven fabrics bound with a wet matrix, and the branches and the stems are cut and transplanted into a container for cultivation after a root ball is formed; step six: shaping and trimming; step seven: managing fertilizer and water, referring to breeding and cultivation of oriental cherry container seedlings, applying more phosphorus potassium fertilizer and applying less nitrogen fertilizer to prevent overnutrition from influencing flower bud differentiation, and suggesting a multi-purpose slow-release fertilizer; step eight: the potted landscape is suitable for being cultivated in a full-sunlight place, particularly in the growth stage.)

1. A method for manufacturing a weeping cherry bonsai is characterized by comprising the following steps: the making method is simple to operate, the made oriental cherry bonsai has various shapes and good ornamental effect, and the making method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: selection of varieties

(1) Selecting aerial root type and sapling blossom type to make quick-finished bonsai;

(2) selecting slow growing type, drooping branch type and flower strange type to make bonsai with high ornamental effect;

(3) the bonsai with longer ornamental period and various ornamental angles is manufactured by selecting the colorful leaf type, the flower fragrance type and the two-season flower release type.

Step two: selection of saplings

(1) Because the seedlings sowed and propagated are possible to generate mutation, the future flowering is not necessarily consistent with the parent plant, and the cultivation period required by mature flowering is longer, the bonsai is subjected to vegetative propagation seedlings such as grafting and cuttage in a multi-choice manner. Meanwhile, the grafted seedlings need to pay attention to whether the joints are completely and perfectly healed, and seedlings with weak growth can be selected for grafting and replanting. In addition, the seedlings are selected from certain tree forms, for example, the seedlings in inclined rods and zigzag form are superior to the seedlings in straight rods, and the special tree forms such as weeping oriental cherries can enable the oriental cherries to be shaped with half the effort.

(2) Propagation of cutting seedlings

1. Construction of cutting orchard

And (4) establishing a cutting orchard by using the preferred plants, and drawing a germplasm layout.

2. Cutting time

The cutting time varies depending on weather conditions, cutting methods, techniques, etc. Generally speaking, all seasons can be used for cuttage propagation, and plum rain season is the most common, and the 'grass cherry' in Zhejiang is mainly used for cuttage in early spring.

3. Species of cuttage

Hard branch cuttage: and (4) taking branches in a dormant state as cutting slips for cutting.

Tender branch cuttage: and (4) carrying out cuttage by using semi-lignified branches with leaves.

4. Collection of cutting shoots

Hard branch seed strip: selecting spikes which are lignified in the middle and upper layers of the crown of the mother tree in the same year, strong in growth, plump in leaf buds and free of diseases and insect pests, and paying attention to the moisture preservation of the branches after collection. The branches of the strong female tree near the trunk and the strong sprouts near the base are superior.

Tender branch planting: and selecting strong, semi-lignified or incompletely lignified branches growing on the parent tree.

5. Treatment of cuttings

The hard branch seed is cut in late autumn or early spring. And (4) if the cuttings are not cut immediately, wrapping the cuttings by using a plastic bag, and then cellaring the cuttings in sequence from top to bottom, or culturing the callus in an indoor sealed or sand storage mode. Cutting the tender branch in the morning and evening of summer and autumn or in cloudy days, and keeping fresh, cutting, and cutting. Before cutting, the seed should be cut into cutting slips according to a certain length. The cut cutting ear should be smooth without damaging bud, breaking skin and cracking. Cutting into branch sections which are 8-12 cm long and contain 2-3 full buds, cutting the upper ends of the cuttings at a distance of 1cm from the buds in a flat manner, abutting the lower ends of the cuttings against an inclined shear, and making the sections flat and smooth.

6. Cutting

Directly inserting the cutting slips soaked with the rooting powder into a container, wherein the substrate and the cutting slips are tightly connected, the depth is 2/3-3/4 of the length of the cutting slips, and water is required to be filled immediately after cutting.

7. Post-insertion management

Water content management: preventing the cutting slips from transpiring and losing water, supplementing water in time, and solving the problem by shading the overground part, spraying and the like

Temperature control: when cuttage is carried out in winter and spring, the temperature is low, and film covering treatment is needed; cutting in summer and autumn, cooling by shading and spraying water, and regulating water content and temperature by film sealing.

Fertilization management: spraying 0.1% monopotassium phosphate once every 5-7 days after cuttage to promote rooting.

(3) Propagation of grafted seedlings

1. Selection, cutting and preservation of scions

The branches with plump bud eyes at the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown are cut from a strong and good parent tree without diseases and insect pests to be used as the scions, and the scions are subjected to moisture preservation and packaging and are then harvested and grafted.

2. Selection of rootstocks

The seedlings which grow robustly and have developed root systems, are suitable for local environments and have close genetic relationship with the scions are selected as the stocks.

3. Selection and application of grafting method

The grafting method is commonly used for cleft grafting, cut grafting, bark grafting, abdominal grafting and the like. Examples of the budding method include T-shaped budding and embedded budding. Different grafting methods have specific conditions and application ranges, and an appropriate grafting method is selected according to the property of the scion, the grafting period and the cultivation purpose. The bandage is usually made of special film, and the big tree can be grafted with insulating adhesive tape.

4. Post-inoculation management

When the scion survives and germinates and is completely healed with the stock, the binding band is removed, the upper stock stem is cut off at a position 1cm above the connector, and the bud adventitious bud on the stock stem is wiped off. The seedlings are earthed up in time in a low joint mode, and the earthing-up height is higher than the joint. The non-inoculated part needs to be supplemented in time. The connected prop is bound according to the condition to prevent the young shoots from being folded by wind.

Step three: selection of containers

(1) The bottom of the container needs to be flat and appropriate in weight. The cherry blossom can be stably placed without toppling after being planted.

(2) The size of the container is suitable. The container is too small to be beneficial to the growth of cherry blossom, and looks top heavy and light, and the beauty of the container is neglected; if the container is too large, the container will be noisy, and the plant is thin and the layout is hollow, or the composition needs to be completed by auxiliary materials.

(3) The shape, style, color and texture of the container are coordinated with the surrounding environment and the expression theme.

Step four: preparation of the matrix

The preparation of the bonsai matrix can refer to container seedling culture, and sand, moss and the like can be scattered on the surface layer if conditions exist so as to improve the bonsai gardening effect.

The proportion of the matrix is as follows: before the matrix is prepared, broad-spectrum bactericide and pesticide are used for matrix treatment. The pH value of the substrate is adjusted to a proper range, generally 5.5-7.5, quicklime or plant ash can be used for adjusting the pH value to be high, and sulfur powder, ferrous sulfate or aluminum sulfate and the like can be used for adjusting the pH value to be low.

Step five: planting in upper pot

The fast potted landscape of aerial root type is prepared through wrapping the branches with non-woven fabric with wet matrix, cutting after the root ball is formed, transplanting into container and cultivating. The non-aerial rooting species are similar to conventional cultivation of container seedlings. The height of the soil layer is preferably about 2cm lower than the edge of the pot, so that the water can be stored after watering at the later stage. The tree shape, size and bud direction of the seedling are considered, and the height of the seedling is generally 10-20 cm.

In order to maintain the color of a container and meet the selection requirements of consumers, the industrial oriental cherry bonsai production can use containers such as plastic cups, mesh bags and the like to carry out conventional container seedling culture, and special flowerpots are replaced when the container seedling culture is sold or the container seedling after modeling and the flowerpots are sold separately.

Step six: pruning and pruning

Shaping:

(1) the oriental cherry bonsai needs to have curved, straight and elegant tree postures, can be shaped by adopting the traditional winding and traction methods and the like, and needs to be timely cleared of binding wires after winding and traction for 2-3 months so as not to embed branches and influence the attractiveness.

(2) By reference to Japanese reference and the cover net method of Tianjin ancestor: the branches extending upwards can be bent and extended naturally after growing to the net cover, and after the branches grow for a period of time, the cherry bonsai with naturally bent branches can be produced in a mass mode by continuously adjusting the distance between the net cover and the basin edge.

Trimming:

(1) the pruning can refer to the conventional cultivation of cherry blossom and is different from the seedling productive pruning.

(2) In order to show the group beauty of the cherry blossom, the flowering branch is reserved before the blossom; and removing residual flowers in time after flowers so as to reduce nutrient consumption, and re-shearing nutrient branches so as to prevent over-vigorous growth and overlarge crowns of branches, but the outward growing buds are remained after pruning of the pendulous branch type variety so as to be beneficial to crown expansion.

Step seven: management of fertilizer and water

Referring to the breeding and cultivation of oriental cherry container seedlings, more phosphorus potassium fertilizer and less nitrogen fertilizer are applied to prevent overnutrition from influencing flower bud differentiation, and a multi-purpose slow-release fertilizer is suggested.

Step eight: placement of bonsai

The oriental cherry bonsai is suitable for being cultivated in a full-sunlight place, especially in the growth stage. If the sunshine is insufficient, the branches are weak, the flower buds cannot be formed, and besides the tree shape is guided by the light, the container needs to be moved and the direction needs to be changed frequently in order to promote the sunshine balance.

2. The method for making a weeping cherry blossom bonsai according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step: at present, the types of containers for growing seedlings are classified into two types: one type is degradable container, such as non-woven fabric, honeycomb paper cup, nutrition brick peat machine, rice straw mud cup, paper bag, bamboo basket, etc.; one is a non-degradable container such as plastic bag, plastic tube, nutrition cup made of polystyrene or polyvinyl chloride, and the container is made of soft plastic, hard plastic, peat, paper pulp, straw, etc., wherein the plastic container is dominant. At present, non-woven fabrics, plastic cups, hole trays and plastic root control containers are relatively mature and are applied more. The diameter of the container is 7-8 times of the target thickness of the nursery stock; the depth of the container is about 5-8 times of the target thickness of the seedlings, and it needs to be noted that the oriental cherry is a shallow-rooted ornamental plant, the root systems of perennial seedlings are mainly distributed at the positions 20-40 cm below the surface soil, and the container is not too deep.

3. The method for making a weeping cherry blossom bonsai according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step: the ratio of the seedling substrate in the current year is as follows: peat, rice husk and slow release fertilizer are 7: 3 (volume ratio) +1.5kg/m 3; the ratio of the medium of the perennial container big seedlings is as follows: peat, rice husks, yellow mud, slow release fertilizer, organic fertilizer, cake fertilizer or compound fertilizer (volume ratio) is 2: 3: 5, 2kg/m3+ 60-90 kg/m3, 6-9 kg/m3 or 3-4 kg/m 3.

4. The method for making a weeping cherry blossom bonsai according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the seventh step: the watering is not suitable for the work, and the water can be sprayed on the branches and the leaves instead. After long-term rainwater, the surface of the basin soil is easy to form a water film to block root respiration and water evaporation, and the problem can be solved through surface layer soil loosening. After watering, if excessive water can naturally flow out of the pot bottom, the drainage is good, otherwise, if the excessive water overflows from the pot edge, soil loosening or pot changing operation is needed; lazy people's flowerpot on market for two container structures, can save water, fertile outer basin in, realizes through the cotton rope that water, fertile from inhaling as required like thirsty drinking water, is simpler effectual rich water management and control way.

5. The method for making a weeping cherry blossom bonsai according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step eight, the potted landscape is not suitable to be directly placed on the soil surface so as to prevent the root system from penetrating out of the bottom of the pot and extending into the soil to absorb moisture and nutrients, so that the plants grow too large and have deformed shapes; frost damage prevention is needed in winter; when the flower blooms in windy and rainy days, the flower should be moved to a safe zone to prevent the petals from falling off early. Conditionally move into greenhouse in advance for flowering period regulation.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of bonsai manufacturing, in particular to a manufacturing method of a weeping cherry bonsai.

Background

Cherry blossom (academic name: Cerasus sp.): is a general term of several plants in the genus of cerasus of the family Rosaceae, and is named as "Tokyo cherry blossom" in the newly revised name of "Chinese plant record", also called as "Japanese cherry blossom". The varieties of cherry blossom are quite various, the number of the cherry blossom exceeds three hundred, about 150 wild cherry blossom are shared all over the world, and more than 50 cherry blossom are shared in China. In about 40 cherry blossom plant wild ancestors all over the world, 33 are native to China. Others are varieties derived by horticultural crosses.

The primordial oriental cherry blossoms grow in the northern hemisphere temperate zone Himalayas mountain region all over the world, mainly in the Japanese. 3 to 5 flowers are arranged on each branch to form an umbrella-shaped inflorescence, the tips of the petals are carved, and the flower color is mostly white and pink. Flowers are usually placed with leaves in 3 months or bloom after leaves, and cherry flowers are fragrant and gorgeous in color according to seasons, and are commonly used for garden appreciation. The cherry blossom can be divided into a single petal type and a multiple petal type, wherein the single petal type can blossom and bear fruits, and the multiple petal type can not bear fruits for the most part.

According to the examination of literature data, cherry blossom is cultivated in the aster of China in the Qin and Han period more than two thousand years ago. Oriental cherry has been commonly found in private courtyards in Tang dynasty. In the world of Japan, the pilgrimage of Japan brought the cherry blossom back to the Ying, which had been in Japan for over 1000 years. Cherry blossom is indicative of intense heat, purity and fashion.

The cherry blossom is not taken as bonsai cultivation because the crown is large, the leaves are large, the branching of branches is not dense enough, and the healing capability of wounds is poor after pruning and the flowers are easy to be infected by germs. However, this does not mean that the oriental cherries are not suitable for bonsai, and people are as inebriant as long as knowing the oriental cherries and mastering the cultivation of the oriental cherries, and having baldness, straight branches and rich scenes of the flower clusters.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a weeping cherry bonsai, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method for manufacturing a weeping cherry bonsai comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: selection of varieties

(1) Selecting aerial root type and sapling blossom type to make quick-finished bonsai;

(2) selecting slow growing type, drooping branch type and flower strange type to make bonsai with high ornamental effect;

(3) the bonsai with longer ornamental period and various ornamental angles is manufactured by selecting the colorful leaf type, the flower fragrance type and the two-season flower release type.

Step two: selection of saplings

(1) Because the seedlings sowed and propagated are possible to generate mutation, the future flowering is not necessarily consistent with the parent plant, and the cultivation period required by mature flowering is longer, the bonsai is subjected to vegetative propagation seedlings such as grafting and cuttage in a multi-choice manner. Meanwhile, the grafted seedlings need to pay attention to whether the joints are completely and perfectly healed, and seedlings with weak growth can be selected for grafting and replanting. In addition, the seedlings are selected from certain tree forms, for example, the seedlings in inclined rods and zigzag form are superior to the seedlings in straight rods, and the special tree forms such as weeping oriental cherries can enable the oriental cherries to be shaped with half the effort.

(2) Propagation of cutting seedlings

1. Construction of cutting orchard

And (4) establishing a cutting orchard by using the preferred plants, and drawing a germplasm layout.

2. Cutting time

The cutting time varies depending on weather conditions, cutting methods, techniques, etc. Generally speaking, all seasons can be used for cuttage propagation, and plum rain season is the most common, and the 'grass cherry' in Zhejiang is mainly used for cuttage in early spring.

3. Species of cuttage

Hard branch cuttage: and (4) taking branches in a dormant state as cutting slips for cutting.

Tender branch cuttage: and (4) carrying out cuttage by using semi-lignified branches with leaves.

4. Collection of cutting shoots

Hard branch seed strip: selecting spikes which are lignified in the middle and upper layers of the crown of the mother tree in the same year, strong in growth, plump in leaf buds and free of diseases and insect pests, and paying attention to the moisture preservation of the branches after collection. The branches of the strong female tree near the trunk and the strong sprouts near the base are superior.

Tender branch planting: and selecting strong, semi-lignified or incompletely lignified branches growing on the parent tree.

5. Treatment of cuttings

The hard branch seed is cut in late autumn or early spring. And (4) if the cuttings are not cut immediately, wrapping the cuttings by using a plastic bag, and then cellaring the cuttings in sequence from top to bottom, or culturing the callus in an indoor sealed or sand storage mode. Cutting the tender branch in the morning and evening of summer and autumn or in cloudy days, and keeping fresh, cutting, and cutting. Before cutting, the seed should be cut into cutting slips according to a certain length. The cut cutting ear should be smooth without damaging bud, breaking skin and cracking. Cutting into branch sections which are 8-12 cm long and contain 2-3 full buds, cutting the upper ends of the cuttings at a distance of 1cm from the buds in a flat manner, abutting the lower ends of the cuttings against an inclined shear, and making the sections flat and smooth.

6. Cutting

Directly inserting the cutting slips soaked with the rooting powder into a container, wherein the substrate and the cutting slips are tightly connected, the depth is 2/3-3/4 of the length of the cutting slips, and water is required to be filled immediately after cutting.

7. Post-insertion management

Water content management: preventing the cutting slips from transpiring and losing water, supplementing water in time, and solving the problem by shading the overground part, spraying and the like

Temperature control: when cuttage is carried out in winter and spring, the temperature is low, and film covering treatment is needed; cutting in summer and autumn, cooling by shading and spraying water, and regulating water content and temperature by film sealing.

Fertilization management: spraying 0.1% monopotassium phosphate once every 5-7 days after cuttage to promote rooting.

(3) Propagation of grafted seedlings

1. Selection, cutting and preservation of scions

The branches with plump bud eyes at the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown are cut from a strong and good parent tree without diseases and insect pests to be used as the scions, and the scions are subjected to moisture preservation and packaging and are then harvested and grafted.

2. Selection of rootstocks

The seedlings which grow robustly and have developed root systems, are suitable for local environments and have close genetic relationship with the scions are selected as the stocks.

3. Selection and application of grafting method

The grafting method is commonly used for cleft grafting, cut grafting, bark grafting, abdominal grafting and the like. Examples of the budding method include T-shaped budding and embedded budding. Different grafting methods have specific conditions and application ranges, and an appropriate grafting method is selected according to the property of the scion, the grafting period and the cultivation purpose. The bandage is usually made of special film, and the big tree can be grafted with insulating adhesive tape.

4. Post-inoculation management

When the scion survives and germinates and is completely healed with the stock, the binding band is removed, the upper stock stem is cut off at a position 1cm above the connector, and the bud adventitious bud on the stock stem is wiped off. The seedlings are earthed up in time in a low joint mode, and the earthing-up height is higher than the joint. The non-inoculated part needs to be supplemented in time. The connected prop is bound according to the condition to prevent the young shoots from being folded by wind.

Step three: selection of containers

(1) The bottom of the container needs to be flat and appropriate in weight. The cherry blossom can be stably placed without toppling after being planted.

(2) The size of the container is suitable. The container is too small to be beneficial to the growth of cherry blossom, and looks top heavy and light, and the beauty of the container is neglected; if the container is too large, the container will be noisy, and the plant is thin and the layout is hollow, or the composition needs to be completed by auxiliary materials.

(3) The shape, style, color and texture of the container are coordinated with the surrounding environment and the expression theme.

Step four: preparation of the matrix

The preparation of the bonsai matrix can refer to container seedling culture, and sand, moss and the like can be scattered on the surface layer if conditions exist so as to improve the bonsai gardening effect.

The proportion of the matrix is as follows: before the matrix is prepared, broad-spectrum bactericide and pesticide are used for matrix treatment. The pH value of the substrate is adjusted to a proper range, generally 5.5-7.5, quicklime or plant ash can be used for adjusting the pH value to be high, and sulfur powder, ferrous sulfate or aluminum sulfate and the like can be used for adjusting the pH value to be low.

Step five: planting in upper pot

The fast potted landscape of aerial root type is prepared through wrapping the branches with non-woven fabric with wet matrix, cutting after the root ball is formed, transplanting into container and cultivating. The non-aerial rooting species are similar to conventional cultivation of container seedlings. The height of the soil layer is preferably about 2cm lower than the edge of the pot, so that the water can be stored after watering at the later stage. The tree shape, size and bud direction of the seedling are considered, and the height of the seedling is generally 10-20 cm.

In order to maintain the color of a container and meet the selection requirements of consumers, the industrial oriental cherry bonsai production can use containers such as plastic cups, mesh bags and the like to carry out conventional container seedling culture, and special flowerpots are replaced when the container seedling culture is sold or the container seedling after modeling and the flowerpots are sold separately.

Step six: pruning and pruning

Shaping:

(1) the oriental cherry bonsai needs to have curved, straight and elegant tree postures, can be shaped by adopting the traditional winding and traction methods and the like, and needs to be timely cleared of binding wires after winding and traction for 2-3 months so as not to embed branches and influence the attractiveness.

(2) By reference to Japanese reference and the cover net method of Tianjin ancestor: the branches extending upwards can be bent and extended naturally after growing to the net cover, and after the branches grow for a period of time, the cherry bonsai with naturally bent branches can be produced in a mass mode by continuously adjusting the distance between the net cover and the basin edge.

Trimming:

(1) the pruning can refer to the conventional cultivation of cherry blossom and is different from the seedling productive pruning.

(2) In order to show the group beauty of the cherry blossom, the flowering branch is reserved before the blossom; and removing residual flowers in time after flowers so as to reduce nutrient consumption, and re-shearing nutrient branches so as to prevent over-vigorous growth and overlarge crowns of branches, but the outward growing buds are remained after pruning of the pendulous branch type variety so as to be beneficial to crown expansion.

Step seven: management of fertilizer and water

Referring to the breeding and cultivation of oriental cherry container seedlings, more phosphorus potassium fertilizer and less nitrogen fertilizer are applied to prevent overnutrition from influencing flower bud differentiation, and a multi-purpose slow-release fertilizer is suggested.

Step eight: placement of bonsai

The oriental cherry bonsai is suitable for being cultivated in a full-sunlight place, especially in the growth stage. If the sunshine is insufficient, the branches are weak, the flower buds cannot be formed, and besides the tree shape is guided by the light, the container needs to be moved and the direction needs to be changed frequently in order to promote the sunshine balance.

As a further scheme of the invention: in the third step: at present, the types of containers for growing seedlings are classified into two types: one type is degradable container, such as non-woven fabric, honeycomb paper cup, nutrition brick peat machine, rice straw mud cup, paper bag, bamboo basket, etc.; one is a non-degradable container such as plastic bag, plastic tube, nutrition cup made of polystyrene or polyvinyl chloride, and the container is made of soft plastic, hard plastic, peat, paper pulp, straw, etc., wherein the plastic container is dominant. At present, non-woven fabrics, plastic cups, hole trays and plastic root control containers are relatively mature and are applied more. The diameter of the container is 7-8 times of the target thickness of the nursery stock; the depth of the container is about 5-8 times of the target thickness of the seedlings, and it needs to be noted that the oriental cherry is a shallow-rooted ornamental plant, the root systems of perennial seedlings are mainly distributed at the positions 20-40 cm below the surface soil, and the container is not too deep.

As a still further scheme of the invention: in the fourth step: the ratio of the seedling substrate in the current year is as follows: peat, rice husk and slow release fertilizer are 7: 3 (volume ratio) +1.5kg/m 3; the ratio of the medium of the perennial container big seedlings is as follows: peat, rice husks, yellow mud, slow release fertilizer, organic fertilizer, cake fertilizer or compound fertilizer (volume ratio) is 2: 3: 5, 2kg/m3+ 60-90 kg/m3, 6-9 kg/m3 or 3-4 kg/m 3.

As a still further scheme of the invention: in the seventh step: the watering is not suitable for the work, and the water can be sprayed on the branches and the leaves instead. After long-term rainwater, the surface of the basin soil is easy to form a water film to block root respiration and water evaporation, and the problem can be solved through surface layer soil loosening. After watering, if excessive water can naturally flow out of the pot bottom, the drainage is good, otherwise, if the excessive water overflows from the pot edge, soil loosening or pot changing operation is needed; lazy people's flowerpot on market for two container structures, can save water, fertile outer basin in, realizes through the cotton rope that water, fertile from inhaling as required like thirsty drinking water, is simpler effectual rich water management and control way.

As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step eight, the potted landscape is not suitable to be directly placed on the soil surface so as to prevent the root system from penetrating out of the bottom of the pot and extending into the soil to absorb moisture and nutrients, so that the plants grow too large and have deformed shapes; frost damage prevention is needed in winter; when the flower blooms in windy and rainy days, the flower should be moved to a safe zone to prevent the petals from falling off early. Conditionally move into greenhouse in advance for flowering period regulation.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the making method of the invention is simple to operate, and the made oriental cherry bonsai has various shapes and good ornamental effect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of aerial root type in a manufacturing method of a weeping cherry blossom bonsai.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the blooming type of saplings in the method for making the weeping cherry bonsai.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the disassembly of the container in the method for making the weeping cherry blossom bonsai.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the assembly of the container in the method for making the weeping cherry bonsai.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of container seedling cultivation and soil burying cultivation before potting in the method for making the weeping cherry bonsai.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of container seedling cultivation and soil burying cultivation before potting in the method for making the weeping cherry bonsai.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the shaping of the net in the method for making the weeping cherry bonsai.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a cherry bonsai in a method for making a weeping cherry bonsai.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 8, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a weeping cherry blossom bonsai includes the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: selection of varieties

(1) Selecting aerial root type and sapling blossom type to make quick-finished bonsai;

(2) selecting slow growing type, drooping branch type and flower strange type to make bonsai with high ornamental effect;

(3) the bonsai with longer ornamental period and various ornamental angles is manufactured by selecting the colorful leaf type, the flower fragrance type and the two-season flower release type.

Step two: selection of saplings

(1) Because the seedlings sowed and propagated are possible to generate mutation, the future flowering is not necessarily consistent with the parent plant, and the cultivation period required by mature flowering is longer, the bonsai is subjected to vegetative propagation seedlings such as grafting and cuttage in a multi-choice manner. Meanwhile, the grafted seedlings need to pay attention to whether the joints are completely and perfectly healed, and seedlings with weak growth can be selected for grafting and replanting. In addition, the seedlings are selected from certain tree forms, for example, the seedlings in inclined rods and zigzag form are superior to the seedlings in straight rods, and the special tree forms such as weeping oriental cherries can enable the oriental cherries to be shaped with half the effort.

(2) Propagation of cutting seedlings

1. Construction of cutting orchard

And (4) establishing a cutting orchard by using the preferred plants, and drawing a germplasm layout.

2. Cutting time

The cutting time varies depending on weather conditions, cutting methods, techniques, etc. Generally speaking, all seasons can be used for cuttage propagation, and plum rain season is the most common, and the 'grass cherry' in Zhejiang is mainly used for cuttage in early spring.

3. Species of cuttage

Hard branch cuttage: and (4) taking branches in a dormant state as cutting slips for cutting.

Tender branch cuttage: and (4) carrying out cuttage by using semi-lignified branches with leaves.

4. Collection of cutting shoots

Hard branch seed strip: selecting spikes which are lignified in the middle and upper layers of the crown of the mother tree in the same year, strong in growth, plump in leaf buds and free of diseases and insect pests, and paying attention to the moisture preservation of the branches after collection. The branches of the strong female tree near the trunk and the strong sprouts near the base are superior.

Tender branch planting: and selecting strong, semi-lignified or incompletely lignified branches growing on the parent tree.

5. Treatment of cuttings

The hard branch seed is cut in late autumn or early spring. And (4) if the cuttings are not cut immediately, wrapping the cuttings by using a plastic bag, and then cellaring the cuttings in sequence from top to bottom, or culturing the callus in an indoor sealed or sand storage mode. Cutting the tender branch in the morning and evening of summer and autumn or in cloudy days, and keeping fresh, cutting, and cutting. Before cutting, the seed should be cut into cutting slips according to a certain length. The cut cutting ear should be smooth without damaging bud, breaking skin and cracking. Cutting into branch sections which are 8-12 cm long and contain 2-3 full buds, cutting the upper ends of the cuttings at a distance of 1cm from the buds in a flat manner, abutting the lower ends of the cuttings against an inclined shear, and making the sections flat and smooth.

6. Cutting

Directly inserting the cutting slips soaked with the rooting powder into a container, wherein the substrate and the cutting slips are tightly connected, the depth is 2/3-3/4 of the length of the cutting slips, and water is required to be filled immediately after cutting.

7. Post-insertion management

Water content management: preventing the cutting slips from transpiring and losing water, supplementing water in time, and solving the problem by shading the overground part, spraying and the like

Temperature control: when cuttage is carried out in winter and spring, the temperature is low, and film covering treatment is needed; cutting in summer and autumn, cooling by shading and spraying water, and regulating water content and temperature by film sealing.

Fertilization management: spraying 0.1% monopotassium phosphate once every 5-7 days after cuttage to promote rooting.

(3) Propagation of grafted seedlings

1. Selection, cutting and preservation of scions

The branches with plump bud eyes at the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown are cut from a strong and good parent tree without diseases and insect pests to be used as the scions, and the scions are subjected to moisture preservation and packaging and are then harvested and grafted.

2. Selection of rootstocks

The seedlings which grow robustly and have developed root systems, are suitable for local environments and have close genetic relationship with the scions are selected as the stocks.

3. Selection and application of grafting method

The grafting method is commonly used for cleft grafting, cut grafting, bark grafting, abdominal grafting and the like. Examples of the budding method include T-shaped budding and embedded budding. Different grafting methods have specific conditions and application ranges, and an appropriate grafting method is selected according to the property of the scion, the grafting period and the cultivation purpose. The bandage is usually made of special film, and the big tree can be grafted with insulating adhesive tape.

4. Post-inoculation management

When the scion survives and germinates and is completely healed with the stock, the binding band is removed, the upper stock stem is cut off at a position 1cm above the connector, and the bud adventitious bud on the stock stem is wiped off. The seedlings are earthed up in time in a low joint mode, and the earthing-up height is higher than the joint. The non-inoculated part needs to be supplemented in time. The connected prop is bound according to the condition to prevent the young shoots from being folded by wind.

Step three: selection of containers

(1) The bottom of the container needs to be flat and appropriate in weight. The cherry blossom can be stably placed without toppling after being planted.

(2) The size of the container is suitable. The container is too small to be beneficial to the growth of cherry blossom, and looks top heavy and light, and the beauty of the container is neglected; if the container is too large, the container will be noisy, and the plant is thin and the layout is hollow, or the composition needs to be completed by auxiliary materials.

(3) The shape, style, color and texture of the container are coordinated with the surrounding environment and the expression theme.

Step four: preparation of the matrix

The preparation of the bonsai matrix can refer to container seedling culture, and sand, moss and the like can be scattered on the surface layer if conditions exist so as to improve the bonsai gardening effect.

The proportion of the matrix is as follows: before the matrix is prepared, broad-spectrum bactericide and pesticide are used for matrix treatment. The pH value of the substrate is adjusted to a proper range, generally 5.5-7.5, quicklime or plant ash can be used for adjusting the pH value to be high, and sulfur powder, ferrous sulfate or aluminum sulfate and the like can be used for adjusting the pH value to be low.

Step five: planting in upper pot

The fast potted landscape of aerial root type is prepared through wrapping the branches with non-woven fabric with wet matrix, cutting after the root ball is formed, transplanting into container and cultivating. The non-aerial rooting species are similar to conventional cultivation of container seedlings. The height of the soil layer is preferably about 2cm lower than the edge of the pot, so that the water can be stored after watering at the later stage. The tree shape, size and bud direction of the seedling are considered, and the height of the seedling is generally 10-20 cm.

In order to maintain the color of a container and meet the selection requirements of consumers, the industrial oriental cherry bonsai production can use containers such as plastic cups, mesh bags and the like to carry out conventional container seedling culture, and special flowerpots are replaced when the container seedling culture is sold or the container seedling after modeling and the flowerpots are sold separately.

Step six: pruning and pruning

Shaping:

(1) the oriental cherry bonsai needs to have curved, straight and elegant tree postures, can be shaped by adopting the traditional winding and traction methods and the like, and needs to be timely cleared of binding wires after winding and traction for 2-3 months so as not to embed branches and influence the attractiveness.

(2) By reference to Japanese reference and the cover net method of Tianjin ancestor: the branches extending upwards can be bent and extended naturally after growing to the net cover, and after the branches grow for a period of time, the cherry bonsai with naturally bent branches can be produced in a mass mode by continuously adjusting the distance between the net cover and the basin edge.

Trimming:

(1) the pruning can refer to the conventional cultivation of cherry blossom and is different from the seedling productive pruning.

(2) In order to show the group beauty of the cherry blossom, the flowering branch is reserved before the blossom; and removing residual flowers in time after flowers so as to reduce nutrient consumption, and re-shearing nutrient branches so as to prevent over-vigorous growth and overlarge crowns of branches, but the outward growing buds are remained after pruning of the pendulous branch type variety so as to be beneficial to crown expansion.

Step seven: management of fertilizer and water

Referring to the breeding and cultivation of oriental cherry container seedlings, more phosphorus potassium fertilizer and less nitrogen fertilizer are applied to prevent overnutrition from influencing flower bud differentiation, and a multi-purpose slow-release fertilizer is suggested.

Step eight: placement of bonsai

(1) The oriental cherry bonsai is suitable for being cultivated in a full-sunlight place, especially in the growth stage. If the sunshine is insufficient, the branches are weak, the flower buds cannot be formed, and besides the tree shape is guided by the light, the container needs to be moved and the direction needs to be changed frequently in order to promote the sunshine balance.

In the first step: aerial rooting type: ailanthus, Han cherry, Yingweng cherry, etc.

And (3) young tree blooming: snow fountain cherry, bean cherry, etc.

Slow growth type: yuanli cherry, Bayahan red cherry, Xiaobiquan cherry, Bayahong biquan cherry, Xushan cherry, Fulvshou cherry, Yang Guifei cherry, etc.

Tree-shaped odd type: cold cherry, big cold cherry, eight red branch drop cherry, Yuqing branch drop cherry, Xiantai branch drop cherry, original Tiger tail cherry in the city, etc.

Flower fancy type: yuanyang cherry, Yuche return cherry, Yujingzao cherry, Yuyi yellow cherry, etc.

Color leaf type: red cherry, Xiantangwu, etc.

Flower fragrance: junhe platform cherry, Qianlixiang cherry, Dalevan cherry, Miaoqi cherry, Tianzhichuan cherry, etc.

Two-season flower release: fructus fukura, fructus rosae laevigatae, Sichuan fructus rosae laevigatae, medal fructus rosae laevigatae, winter fructus rosae laevigatae, elegant snow fructus rosae laevigatae and the like.

And (3) trimming resistance: bean cherry, etc.

Common oriental cherry bonsai varieties are as follows: october, Hance, Bellis, Bean, winter, pendulous, Asahi, Large, Mao leaf, etc., the first four of which account for almost 80% of Japanese cherry bonsai.

In the third step: at present, the types of containers for growing seedlings are classified into two types: one type is degradable container, such as non-woven fabric, honeycomb paper cup, nutrition brick peat machine, rice straw mud cup, paper bag, bamboo basket, etc.; one is a non-degradable container such as plastic bag, plastic tube, nutrition cup made of polystyrene or polyvinyl chloride, and the container is made of soft plastic, hard plastic, peat, paper pulp, straw, etc., wherein the plastic container is dominant. At present, non-woven fabrics, plastic cups, hole trays and plastic root control containers are relatively mature and are applied more. The diameter of the container is 7-8 times of the target thickness of the nursery stock; the depth of the container is about 5-8 times of the target thickness of the seedlings, and it needs to be noted that the oriental cherry is a shallow-rooted ornamental plant, the root systems of perennial seedlings are mainly distributed at the positions 20-40 cm below the surface soil, and the container is not too deep.

In the fourth step: the ratio of the seedling substrate in the current year is as follows: peat, rice husk and slow release fertilizer are 7: 3 (volume ratio) +1.5kg/m 3; the ratio of the medium of the perennial container big seedlings is as follows: peat, rice husks, yellow mud, slow release fertilizer, organic fertilizer, cake fertilizer or compound fertilizer (volume ratio) is 2: 3: 5, 2kg/m3+ 60-90 kg/m3, 6-9 kg/m3 or 3-4 kg/m 3.

In the seventh step: the watering is not suitable for the work, and the water can be sprayed on the branches and the leaves instead. After long-term rainwater, the surface of the basin soil is easy to form a water film to block root respiration and water evaporation, and the problem can be solved through surface layer soil loosening. After watering, if excessive water can naturally flow out of the pot bottom, the drainage is good, otherwise, if the excessive water overflows from the pot edge, soil loosening or pot changing operation is needed; lazy people's flowerpot on market for two container structures, can save water, fertile outer basin in, realizes through the cotton rope that water, fertile from inhaling as required like thirsty drinking water, is simpler effectual rich water management and control way.

In the step eight, the potted landscape is not suitable to be directly placed on the soil surface so as to prevent the root system from penetrating out of the bottom of the pot and extending into the soil to absorb moisture and nutrients, so that the plants grow too large and have deformed shapes; frost damage prevention is needed in winter; when the flower blooms in windy and rainy days, the flower should be moved to a safe zone to prevent the petals from falling off early. Conditionally move into greenhouse in advance for flowering period regulation.

The finished potted landscape has more buds and strong root systems, and the moss grows on the surface of the pot soil, which means that the roots are firm after the potted landscape is cultivated for a period of time, so that the potted landscape is more ideal, and the potted landscape is not covered with the moss newly.