阅读说明：本技术 一种园艺作物栽培基质的配方及其制备方法 (Formula and preparation method of horticultural crop culture medium ) 是由 张燕 杨丽 申君 李蒙 任毛飞 于 2020-03-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开的属于园艺作物栽培基质技术领域,具体为一种园艺作物栽培基质的配方及其制备方法,该园艺作物栽培基质的配方的原料包括秸秆、腐熟鸡肥、草木灰和沼渣,所述秸秆、腐熟鸡肥、草木灰和沼渣按照质量比重分别为：秸秆3-4份、腐熟鸡肥3-4份、草木灰2份和沼渣1-2份,该园艺作物栽培基质的配方的制备方法的具体步骤如下：S1：将原料粉碎；S2：将原料混合；S3：将混合料定型,采用秸秆、腐熟鸡肥、草木灰和沼渣作为原料,原料成本较低且获取较为方便；通过将原料粉碎、将原料混合、将混合料定型等简单的步骤对原料制备成型,工艺较为简单,且制备后可以直接使用,使用较为方便。(The invention belongs to the technical field of horticultural crop culture substrates, and particularly relates to a formula of a horticultural crop culture substrate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials of the formula of the horticultural crop culture substrate comprise straws, decomposed chicken manure, plant ash and biogas residues, and the straws, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residues are respectively as follows according to mass proportion: 3-4 parts of straw, 3-4 parts of rotten chicken manure, 2 parts of plant ash and 1-2 parts of biogas residue, and the preparation method of the formula of the horticultural crop culture medium comprises the following specific steps: s1: crushing the raw materials; s2: mixing the raw materials; s3: the mixture is shaped, and the straw, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residue are used as raw materials, so that the raw materials are low in cost and convenient to obtain; the raw materials are prepared and molded through simple steps of crushing the raw materials, mixing the raw materials, shaping the mixture and the like, the process is simple, the raw materials can be directly used after preparation, and the use is convenient.)

1. The formula of the horticultural crop culture medium is characterized in that: the formula of the horticultural crop culture medium comprises the following raw materials of straw, decomposed chicken manure, plant ash and biogas residue, wherein the straw, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residue are respectively as follows according to mass proportion: 3-4 parts of straw, 3-4 parts of rotten chicken manure, 2 parts of plant ash and 1-2 parts of biogas residue.

2. The formulation of a horticultural crop growth medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the straw, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residue are respectively as follows according to mass proportion: 4 parts of straw, 3 parts of rotten chicken manure, 2 parts of plant ash and 1 part of biogas residue.

3. The formulation of a horticultural crop growth medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the straw, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residue are respectively as follows according to mass proportion: 3 parts of straws, 3 parts of rotten chicken manure, 2 parts of plant ash and 2 parts of biogas residues.

4. The formulation of a horticultural crop growth medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the straw, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residue are respectively as follows according to mass proportion: 3 parts of straws, 4 parts of rotten chicken manure, 2 parts of plant ash and 1 part of biogas residue.

5. The formulation of a horticultural crop growth medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the straw is wheat straw or flax straw.

6. A method for preparing a formulation of a horticultural crop cultivation substrate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the preparation method of the formula of the horticultural crop culture medium comprises the following specific steps:

s1: crushing the raw materials: putting the straws into crushing equipment, and crushing the straws to enable the length of the crushed straws to be 0.1-3 cm;

s2: mixing the raw materials: weighing the crushed straws, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residues according to a proportion, and then uniformly mixing the crushed straws, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residues through mixing equipment to obtain a mixture;

s3: shaping the mixture: and (4) taking out the mixed material in the step S2, stacking the mixed material into blocks, spraying water on the surfaces of the block-shaped mixed material, and covering the blocks by a film.

7. The method for preparing a formulation of a horticultural crop cultivation medium as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the thickness of the blocky mixture is 5-8cm, and through holes are formed in the film every 50-60 cm.

8. The method for preparing a formulation of a horticultural crop cultivation medium as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the blocky mixture is uniformly inserted into the separation holes by adopting cylindrical rods, the diameter of each cylindrical rod is 2-3cm, and the center distance between every two adjacent separation holes is 10-20 cm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of horticultural crop culture substrates, in particular to a formula and a preparation method of a horticultural crop culture substrate.

Background

The horticultural crop refers to a crop having a high economic value which is intensively cultivated on a small scale. The horticultural crops comprise fruit trees, vegetables, various ornamental plants, spices and medicinal crops. The application is divided into: fruit tree gardening and vegetable gardening mainly for eating; mainly used for ornamental flower gardening and landscape gardening; mainly used for cultivating nursery gardening and the like of seedlings.

Gardening originated in the age of stoneware, the time of renaissance, where it has once again emerged in italy and has been spread to europe. The country garden of china began to emerge as an independent business sector.

The culture medium originally originated from the concept of soilless culture, which means that the soil environment around crops has deteriorated and seriously affects the yield and quality of crops, people turn to find a substitute, fix the root system of plants with a solid medium, and absorb nutrient solution and oxygen through the medium. Thus, a culture substrate is a solid medium that provides mechanical support and a supply of material for the crop in place of the soil.

The existing culture medium has relatively high raw material cost, relatively complex manufacturing process and low manufacturing efficiency when in use.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a formula of a horticultural crop culture medium and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the existing culture medium in the background art is relatively high in raw material cost, relatively complex in preparation process and low in preparation efficiency in use.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the formula of the horticultural crop culture medium comprises the following raw materials of straw, decomposed chicken manure, plant ash and biogas residue in percentage by mass: 3-4 parts of straw, 3-4 parts of rotten chicken manure, 2 parts of plant ash and 1-2 parts of biogas residue.

Preferably, the straw, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residue are respectively as follows according to mass proportion: 4 parts of straw, 3 parts of rotten chicken manure, 2 parts of plant ash and 1 part of biogas residue.

Preferably, the straw, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residue are respectively as follows according to mass proportion: 3 parts of straws, 3 parts of rotten chicken manure, 2 parts of plant ash and 2 parts of biogas residues.

Preferably, the straw, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residue are respectively as follows according to mass proportion: 3 parts of straws, 4 parts of rotten chicken manure, 2 parts of plant ash and 1 part of biogas residue.

Preferably, the straw is wheat straw or flax straw.

A preparation method of a formula of a horticultural crop culture medium comprises the following specific steps:

s1: crushing the raw materials: putting the straws into crushing equipment, and crushing the straws to enable the length of the crushed straws to be 0.1-3 cm;

s2: mixing the raw materials: weighing the crushed straws, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residues according to a proportion, and then uniformly mixing the crushed straws, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residues through mixing equipment to obtain a mixture;

s3: shaping the mixture: and (4) taking out the mixed material in the step S2, stacking the mixed material into blocks, spraying water on the surfaces of the block-shaped mixed material, and covering the blocks by a film.

Preferably, the thickness of the blocky mixture is 5-8cm, and through holes are formed in the film every 50-60 cm.

Preferably, the blocky mixture is uniformly inserted into the separation holes by adopting cylindrical rods, the diameter of each cylindrical rod is 2-3cm, and the center distance between every two adjacent separation holes is 10-20 cm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) straw, decomposed chicken manure, plant ash and biogas residue are used as raw materials, so that the raw materials are low in cost and convenient to obtain;

2) the raw materials are prepared and molded through simple steps of crushing the raw materials, mixing the raw materials, shaping the mixture and the like, the process is simple, the raw materials can be directly used after preparation, and the use is convenient.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: the formula of the horticultural crop culture medium comprises the following raw materials of straw, decomposed chicken manure, plant ash and biogas residue in percentage by mass: 3-4 parts of straw, 3-4 parts of rotten chicken manure, 2 parts of plant ash and 1-2 parts of biogas residue.

The straw is a general term of stem leaf (ear) part of mature crops. Typically refers to the remainder of the wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, oilseed rape, cotton, sugar cane and other crops (typically roughages) after harvesting the seed. More than half of the products of crop photosynthesis exist in the straws, and the straws are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic matters and the like, and are a multipurpose renewable biological resource.

The rotten and cooked chicken manure is a relatively high-quality organic fertilizer, and contains about 1.63%, 1.54% and 0.85% of pure nitrogen, phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O). The chicken manure must be thoroughly decomposed before application, and parasites and eggs thereof, as well as some infectious germs present in the chicken manure, are inactivated through the process of decomposition (retting).

Because the chicken manure generates high temperature in the process of decomposition, the nitrogen loss is easily caused. Therefore, a proper amount of water is added before the decomposition, and 5% of calcium superphosphate is added, so that the fertilizer efficiency is better. The rotten method can be used for putting the chicken manure into a septic tank for soaking and retting, and can also be used for carrying out surface soil sealing and composting. The chicken manure becomes a high-quality base fertilizer for planting crops after being fully decomposed, or is often used as a base fertilizer for being applied all year round in winter in planting fruit trees.

The residue after burning of plants (herbs and woody plants) is called plant ash. Belonging to insoluble substances. The plant ash fertilizer is the ash generated by burning plants, so that the plant ash is a mineral element contained in the plants, and the plant ash is almost contained in the plant ash. The plant ash is light and alkaline, can easily move with wind when dry, can easily move with water when wet, and can easily cause the volatilization loss of nitrogen elements when in contact with a nitrogen fertilizer.

The biogas residues are solid substances left after organic substances are fermented, are rich in organic matters, humic acid, micronutrients, various amino acids, enzymes, beneficial microorganisms and the like, and can play a good role in improving soil. The biogas residue also contains elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, and can meet the requirement of crop growth. The biogas residue has two functions of quick acting and delayed acting in the process of comprehensive utilization, and can be used as a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer.

Preferably, the straw, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residue are respectively as follows according to mass proportion: 4 parts of straw, 3 parts of rotten chicken manure, 2 parts of plant ash and 1 part of biogas residue.

Preferably, the straw, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residue are respectively as follows according to mass proportion: 3 parts of straws, 3 parts of rotten chicken manure, 2 parts of plant ash and 2 parts of biogas residues.

Preferably, the straw, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residue are respectively as follows according to mass proportion: 3 parts of straws, 4 parts of rotten chicken manure, 2 parts of plant ash and 1 part of biogas residue.

Preferably, the straw is wheat straw or flax straw.

A preparation method of a formula of a horticultural crop culture medium comprises the following specific steps:

s1: crushing the raw materials: putting the straws into crushing equipment, and crushing the straws to enable the length of the crushed straws to be 0.1-3 cm;

s2: mixing the raw materials: weighing the crushed straws, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residues according to a proportion, and then uniformly mixing the crushed straws, the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the biogas residues through mixing equipment to obtain a mixture;

s3: shaping the mixture: and (4) taking out the mixed material in the step S2, stacking the mixed material into blocks, spraying water on the surfaces of the block-shaped mixed material, and covering the blocks by a film.

Preferably, the thickness of the blocky mixture is 5-8cm, and through holes are formed in the film every 50-60 cm.

Preferably, the blocky mixture is uniformly inserted into the separation holes by adopting cylindrical rods, the diameter of each cylindrical rod is 2-3cm, and the center distance between every two adjacent separation holes is 10-20 cm.