阅读说明：本技术 一种黄瓜专用抗重茬生物菌肥 (Special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumbers ) 是由 宋春光 崔继荣 张宝海 韩丽丽 赵彦民 于 2020-06-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种黄瓜专用抗重茬生物菌肥,该黄瓜专用抗重茬生物菌肥由10～16重量份枯草芽孢杆菌J-5菌粉、6～12重量份胶冻样类芽孢杆菌菌粉、18～24重量份哈茨木霉菌菌粉、18～26重量份棘孢木霉菌菌粉、20～28重量份淡紫拟青霉菌菌粉、0.1～1重量份壳聚糖、20～30重量份腐殖酸钾、20～30重量份磷酸二氢钾、40～50重量份硅藻土等复配而成,该菌肥充分发挥了枯草芽孢杆菌J-5、哈茨木霉菌等多功能菌的特性,充分发挥了腐殖酸钾等有益物质的多重作用,充分利用了有益菌之间的相互协同作用,有针对性地解决由黄瓜枯萎病、根结线虫病、土壤缺钾引起的重茬问题,对黄瓜连作障碍具有较好的防治效果。(The invention provides a special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumber, which is prepared by compounding 10-16 parts by weight of bacillus subtilis J-5 bacterial powder, 6-12 parts by weight of jelly-like bacillus bacterial powder, 18-24 parts by weight of trichoderma harzianum bacterial powder, 18-26 parts by weight of trichoderma asperellum bacterial powder, 20-28 parts by weight of paecilomyces lilacinus bacterial powder, 0.1-1 part by weight of chitosan, 20-30 parts by weight of potassium humate, 20-30 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 40-50 parts by weight of kieselguhr and the like, fully exerts the characteristics of multifunctional bacteria such as bacillus subtilis J-5 and trichoderma harzianum and the like, fully exerts the effects of beneficial substances such as potassium humate and the like, fully utilizes the mutual synergistic effect among the beneficial bacteria, and specifically solves the continuous cropping problem caused by cucumber blight, root knot nematode disease and soil potassium deficiency, has better prevention and treatment effect on cucumber continuous cropping obstacles.)

1. The continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer special for the cucumbers is characterized by being mainly prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

10-16 parts of bacillus subtilis J-5 powder, 6-12 parts of jelly-like bacillus powder, 18-24 parts of trichoderma harzianum powder, 18-26 parts of trichoderma asperellum powder, 20-28 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus powder, 0.1-1 part of chitosan, 20-30 parts of potassium humate, 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 40-50 parts of diatomite.

2. The special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumbers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bacillus subtilis J-5 has a preservation number of CGMCC No.11750, and the bacillus subtilis J-5 bacterial powder is prepared by the following steps: selecting a loop of bacillus subtilis strain inclined plane with the preservation number of CGMCC No.11750 by using an inoculating needle, inoculating the bacillus subtilis strain inclined plane into 1 250ml shake flask filled with 50ml beef extract liquid culture medium (1000ml of the culture medium comprises 3g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 5g of NaCl and 1000ml of distilled water, and the pH value is 7.0-7.2.), and repeating the inoculation process for 8 times, namely inoculating the bacillus subtilis strain into 8 identical 250ml shake flasks filled with 50ml of beef extract liquid culture medium; shaking culturing at 35 deg.C and 200r/min for 36 hr to obtain spore with spore concentration of 8 × 10⁸～10×10⁸A spore suspension of cfu/ml; transferring 400ml of the culture solution into a 50L fermentation tank containing 15L PB liquid culture medium (1000ml of the culture medium comprises beef extract 5g, peptone 10g, NaCl5g and 1000ml tap water, and adjusting pH to 7.2-7.4), and culturing at 35 deg.C and 180r/min for 48 hr to obtain spore with concentration of 8 × 10⁸～10×10⁸centrifuging cfu/ml spore suspension at 5000r/min for 5 min to obtain spore and thallus of Bacillus subtilis, mixing with diatomaceous earth at a ratio of 1: 1, drying at low temperature, and pulverizing to obtain active bacteria with an effective viable count of 100 × 10⁸cfu/g～120×10⁸cfu/g of bacillus subtilis J-5 powder.

3. The special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the viable count of the paenibacillus mucilaginosus powder is more than or equal to 200 x 10⁸cfu/g, the viable count of the Trichoderma harzianum powder is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/g, the viable count of the trichoderma asperellum powder is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/g, the viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus powder is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/g。

4. The special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumbers is mainly prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

12-15 parts of bacillus subtilis J-5 powder, 8-10 parts of jelly-like bacillus powder, 20-23 parts of trichoderma harzianum powder, 19-23 parts of trichoderma asperellum powder, 23-26 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus powder, 0.5-1 part of chitosan, 22-28 parts of potassium humate, 24-29 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 44-47 parts of diatomite.

5. The special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumbers is mainly prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

13 parts of bacillus subtilis J-5 powder, 9 parts of jelly-like bacillus powder, 21 parts of trichoderma harzianum powder, 22 parts of trichoderma asperellum powder, 24 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus powder, 0.9 part of chitosan, 25 parts of potassium humate, 25 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 45 parts of diatomite.

6. The special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the total effective viable count of the special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumbers is more than or equal to 50 x 10⁸cfu/g。

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural microorganisms, in particular to a continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer special for cucumbers.

Background

The cucumber cultivation area in China is about 1900 ten thousand mu, and the facility cultivation area accounts for about 42%. With the increase of the cultivation age, the harm brought by continuous cropping (continuous cropping) of the cucumber becomes a key problem influencing the facility cultivation production of the cucumber in China, and according to incomplete statistics: after the facility cucumber is continuously cultivated for 2 years, the cucumber yield is reduced by 20 percent; after 4 years of continuous cropping cultivation, the cucumber yield is reduced by 50%; the cucumber is near to the top harvest for more than 8 years of continuous cropping cultivation. The reasons for the above-mentioned continuous cropping hazards include: soil-borne diseases and insect pests, self-toxicity, organic matter and trace elements lack and the like. Wherein, the damage caused by soil-borne diseases and insect pests (mainly cucumber fusarium wilt and root knot nematode disease) is considered as the main cause of continuous cropping damage of cucumbers.

At present, metam and lime nitrogen and other chemical agents are used for preventing and treating cucumber fusarium wilt and cucumber root knot nematode, wherein the prevention and treatment effect of metam on cucumber fusarium wilt can reach 87.03% (plant protection academy 2017, 44 (1): 159 and 167 soil environmental conditions have the influence on metam fumigation for preventing and treating cucumber fusarium wilt, such as nuphar azoli and the like), but metam is harmful to human health and environment, and france is declared forbidden; the control effect of the lime nitrogen on the root-knot nematodes in the soil can reach 80.8 percent (the discussion of applying the lime nitrogen to control the continuous cropping obstacle of greenhouse cucumbers in 2013, Zhoushai, etc.). Other reports are: about 55-60 Kg/mu of lime nitrogen has a remarkable killing effect on cucumber root-knot nematodes, and the killing rate reaches 93.26% (the academic paper of major specialty at Zhejiang university, study on overcoming cucumber wilt and root-knot nematode diseases by different soil disinfection methods, 3 months 2012 of Lianjuan). Since metham sodium, lime nitrogen and other chemical agents belong to non-selective pesticides, beneficial organisms in soil can be killed or inhibited.

The biological agent can also be used for preventing and treating cucumber fusarium wilt and cucumber root knot nematode diseases. Chinese patent document CN105601449A discloses an anti-continuous cropping complexing agent special for cucumbers, which is prepared by mixing a bacillus subtilis solid microbial agent, a bacillus amyloliquefaciens solid microbial agent, a streptomyces microflavus solid microbial agent, a microbial fertilizer phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and a trace element additive according to the mass ratio of 18-25: 8-12: 50-65: 0.8-1.2.

Chinese patent document CN104973994B discloses a continuous cropping disease resistant organic fertilizer for cucumbers, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 100-200 parts of corn straw, 200-300 parts of animal waste, 50-80 parts of soybean straw, 50-100 parts of willow leaf, 50-100 parts of ailanthus leaf, 20-50 parts of tobacco leaf, 20-50 parts of Chinese ilex leaf, 5-10 parts of leaven and a proper amount of water. Wherein the leaven comprises Bacillus, yeast and thermophilic laterosporus.

In the component formulas of the anti-continuous cropping microbial inoculum for cucumbers disclosed in the two documents, trichoderma fungi having antagonistic action on cucumber fusarium wilt pathogenic bacteria and cucumber root-knot nematode or technical means for supplementing potassium element are lacked, and the component formulas are not completely combined according to main reasons causing continuous cropping harm of cucumbers.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer special for cucumbers.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer special for the cucumbers is mainly prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

10-16 parts of bacillus subtilis J-5 powder, 6-12 parts of jelly-like bacillus powder, 18-24 parts of trichoderma harzianum powder, 18-26 parts of trichoderma asperellum powder, 20-28 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus powder, 0.1-1 part of chitosan, 20-30 parts of potassium humate, 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 40-50 parts of diatomite. Wherein the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis J-5 is CGMCC No. 11750. The bacillus subtilis J-5 powder is prepared according to the following steps: the bacillus subtilis strain slant with the preservation number of CGMCC No.11750Picking a ring by using an inoculating needle, inoculating the ring into 1 250ml shake flask filled with 50ml beef extract liquid culture medium (1000ml of the culture medium comprises 3g beef extract, 10g peptone, 5g NaCl and 1000ml distilled water, and the pH value is 7.0-7.2.), and repeating the inoculation process for 8 times, namely inoculating the bacillus subtilis strain into 8 identical 250ml shake flasks filled with 50ml beef extract liquid culture medium; shaking culturing at 35 deg.C and 200r/min for 36 hr to obtain spore with spore concentration of 8 × 10⁸～10×10⁸A spore suspension of cfu/ml; transferring 400ml of the culture solution into a 50L fermentation tank containing 15L PB liquid culture medium (1000ml of the culture medium comprises beef extract 5g, peptone 10g, NaCl5g and 1000ml tap water, and adjusting pH to 7.2-7.4), and culturing at 35 deg.C and 180r/min for 48 hr to obtain spore with concentration of 8 × 10⁸～ 10×10⁸centrifuging cfu/ml spore suspension at 5000r/min for 5 min to obtain spore and thallus of Bacillus subtilis, mixing with diatomaceous earth at a ratio of 1: 1, drying at low temperature, and pulverizing to obtain active bacteria with an effective viable count of 100 × 10⁸cfu/g～120×10⁸cfu/g of bacillus subtilis J-5 powder.

Preferably, in the components of the special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumbers, the viable count of the spore-like bacillus mucilaginosus powder is more than or equal to 200 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/g, the viable count of the Trichoderma harzianum powder is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/g, the viable count of the trichoderma asperellum powder is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/g, the viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus powder is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/g。

Preferably, the special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumbers is mainly prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 12-15 parts of bacillus subtilis J-5 powder, 8-10 parts of jelly-like bacillus powder, 20-23 parts of trichoderma harzianum powder, 19-23 parts of trichoderma asperellum powder, 23-26 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus powder, 0.5-1 part of chitosan, 22-28 parts of potassium humate, 24-29 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 44-47 parts of diatomite.

Preferably, the special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumbers is mainly prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 13 parts of bacillus subtilis J-5 powder, 9 parts of jelly-like bacillus powder, 21 parts of trichoderma harzianum powder, 22 parts of trichoderma asperellum powder, 24 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus powder, 0.9 part of chitosan, 25 parts of potassium humate, 25 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 45 parts of diatomite.

Preferably, the total effective viable count of the continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer special for cucumbers is more than or equal to 50 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/g。

The microbial inoculum prepared from the bacillus subtilis J-5 with the preservation number of CGMCC No.11750 can effectively inhibit gray mold of cucumber, tomato, eggplant, sweet pepper and strawberry caused by botrytis cinerea infection by adopting a spraying method, which is disclosed in Chinese patent document CN 105907680B. Through the research of the applicant of the patent, the following results are found: the bacillus subtilis J-5 also has strong antagonistic action on pathogenic bacteria of cucumber fusarium wilt. In addition, the control effect of the bacillus subtilis on meloidogyne incognita, which is a cucumber-damaging meloidogyne incognita, exceeds 40 percent (the control research on meloidogyne incognita in the 11 th stage of 2008. in modern agricultural science and technology, grand kingdom, and the like), so the bacillus subtilis J-5 is a multifunctional bacterium, and has the multifunctional characteristic that a microbial inoculum prepared from the bacillus subtilis J-5 has antagonistic action on pathogenic bacteria of cucumber fusarium wilt, pathogenic bacteria of cucumber botrytis cinerea and cucumber meloidogyne.

FIG. 1 shows the effect of Bacillus subtilis J-5 on the indoor plate confrontation of cucumber specialization type of cucumber with fusarium oxysporum, a pathogen of cucumber fusarium wilt. Wherein a is a pathogen inoculation panel (CK); b is the indoor plate confrontation picture of bacillus subtilis J-5 to pathogenic bacteria. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the radius of the inhibition zone is more than 5mm, and the Bacillus subtilis J-5 has stronger antagonistic action on the growth of pathogenic bacteria of cucumber fusarium wilt.

Paenibacillus mucilaginosus has the effects of dissolving phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, inhibiting the propagation of soil harmful and pathogenic microorganisms, and reducing the occurrence of various soil-borne diseases. The Paenibacillus mucilaginosus solid powder used in the invention is a product sold on the market at present, for example, the Paenibacillus mucilaginosus solid powder sold by the company Schchen Tai Si Beite Biotechnology Limited according to the formula of' agricultural microbial agent (GB 20287-"the detection is carried out by the method specified in the specification, and the paenibacillus jelly solid bacterial powder is more than or equal to 200 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/g。

Trichoderma harzianum is a multifunctional bacterium, and has the multifunctional characteristic of preventing and treating cucumber fusarium wilt and cucumber root knot nematode. The solid fungus powder of Trichoderma harzianum used in the present invention is a product sold in the market, such as the fungus powder of Trichoderma harzianum produced by Shandong Changtai Biotech Co., Ltd, and Shandong GronLong Biotech Co., Ltd, and the number of effective viable bacteria is not less than 100X 10⁸cfu/g。

The trichoderma asperellum has obvious effect of preventing and treating soil-borne diseases (root rot, death due to unknown reasons), and can be used for preventing and treating cucumber fusarium wilt. The Trichoderma asperellum solid bacteria powder used in the invention is a product sold in the current market, such as Trichoderma asperellum bacteria powder produced by Shandong Xin Zhuo Yuan chemical Co., Ltd, Guangxi Zhonghui Zhiming ecological technology Co., Ltd, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 100 x 10⁸cfu/g。

The paecilomyces lilacinus belongs to endoparasitic fungi, is an important natural enemy of some plant parasitic nematodes, and can obviously reduce the harm of plant nematode diseases such as multiple crop root-knot nematodes, cyst nematodes, stem nematodes and the like. The paecilomyces lilacinus powder used in the invention is a product sold in the market at present, for example, the paecilomyces lilacinus powder produced by Weifang Rui Chen Biotech Co., Ltd, Shandong Nuojie Biotech Co., Ltd, Hubei inspired bioengineering Co., etc., and the effective viable count is 100 × 10⁸cfu/g or more.

Of course, the paenibacillus mucilaginosus solid bacteria powder, trichoderma harzianum solid bacteria powder, trichoderma asperellum solid bacteria powder, paecilomyces lilacinus powder and the like can also be prepared by using a conventional culture medium and performing step-by-step culture by a conventional culture method according to the prior art documents.

The potassium humate can improve the content of quick-acting potassium in soil, has the function of promoting the decomposition of natural toxic substances, and has multiple beneficial effects on the growth of cucumbers.

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: the potassium dihydrogen phosphate can regulate the pH value of soil, supplement potassium element, facilitate the growth of crops, enhance the antagonistic capability of crops, and has multiple beneficial effects on the growth of cucumber.

The chitosan is used as a raw material of a soil conditioner, is beneficial to improving the broad-spectrum disease resistance, drought resistance and water retention of crops, stimulates the growth of beneficial microorganisms in soil to generate enzyme capable of killing nematodes and worm eggs, indirectly eliminates the nematodes and has a certain control effect on the root-knot nematodes of cucumbers.

The diatomite has a certain adsorption effect on autotoxic substances, and can reduce the inhibition effect of the autotoxic substances of the cucumbers on the growth of the cucumbers.

In the invention, potassium humate, chitosan, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and diatomite are all products sold in the current market.

Detecting the viable count of bacillus subtilis J-5 powder, jelly-like bacillus powder, trichoderma harzianum powder, trichoderma asperellum powder and paecilomyces lilacinus powder according to the standard of 'agricultural microbial agent (GB 20287-2006)'. The total effective viable count of the special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumbers is more than or equal to 50 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/g。

The special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for the cucumbers can be applied in holes, rings or ditches by a soil mixing application method. The application amount and the application method of the special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumbers can be determined by those skilled in the art according to actual production conditions, and the application amount and the application method do not have any technical problems and are easy to realize for those skilled in the art.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for the cucumbers fully exerts the multifunctional characteristics of various antagonistic microorganisms contained in the biological bacterial fertilizer and the multiple effects of beneficial substances, fully utilizes the mutual synergistic effect of the beneficial bacteria, purposefully solves the continuous cropping problem caused by cucumber fusarium wilt, root knot nematode disease, soil potassium deficiency and the like, has a good effect of preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles of the cucumbers, and realizes yield increase and income increase of the cucumber planting. In addition, the effect of the special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumber on preventing and treating cucumber fusarium wilt is close to metham, the effect of preventing and treating cucumber root-knot nematode is slightly lower than that of lime nitrogen, and metham and lime nitrogen which are harmful to human bodies and environment can be replaced by the special continuous cropping resistant biological bacterial fertilizer for cucumber.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the effect of Bacillus subtilis J-5 on the indoor plate confrontation of cucumber specialization type of cucumber with fusarium oxysporum, a pathogen of cucumber fusarium wilt. Wherein a is a pathogen inoculation panel (CK); b is the indoor plate confrontation picture of bacillus subtilis J-5 to pathogenic bacteria.

Detailed Description

The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation. The invention will be better understood from the following examples.

In the present invention, "%" used to indicate concentrations or ratios is a weight percentage unless otherwise specified.