阅读说明：本技术 一种装配式地下车库采光通风装置及其计算方法 (Assembled lighting and ventilating device for underground garage and calculation method thereof ) 是由 何开远 石国兵 王永超 赖新 于 2020-07-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于绿色建筑领域,涉及一种装配式地下车库采光通风装置及其计算方法,集成采光通风竖井、井壁、镜面反射或漫反射涂料、截水沟、地面固定框架、挡水板、透明通风百叶、顶部采光罩、太阳能发电储能灯、防水层和防护栏杆等部件,实现地下车库既能自然采光和自然通风,还能兼作室内外夜间照明。可以通过科学的计算对采光通风竖井的尺寸结构进行优化,实现更优越的采光通风效果。(The invention belongs to the field of green buildings, and relates to a lighting and ventilating device for an assembled underground garage and a calculation method thereof. The size structure of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft can be optimized through scientific calculation, and a more superior lighting and ventilation effect is achieved.)

1. A lighting and ventilating device of an assembled underground garage is characterized by being arranged at the top of the garage and comprising a lighting and ventilating vertical shaft for connecting the garage with the outside, wherein a lighting cover is laid at the top of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft, and a safety protection railing is laid outside the lighting cover; a water intercepting ditch facing the outside of the garage is arranged at the joint of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft and the lighting cover; the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft is conical, and the inner diameter of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft is gradually reduced along the direction close to the lighting cover; the lighting cover is conical, and the inner diameter of the lighting cover gradually increases along the direction close to the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft.

2. A fabricated underground garage daylighting ventilation device as defined in claim 1, wherein: and the wall of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft is coated with specular reflection or diffuse reflection coating.

3. A calculation method of a lighting and ventilating device of an assembled underground garage is characterized in that the ground area A of the opening area of a vertical shaft is lighted and ventilated_cCalculating to obtain the corresponding ground area A_dObtaining the number n of the designed parking spaces in the corresponding garage;

the combination parameters are as follows: exhaust temperature T of vehicle in garage_pStandard temperature T in garage at 20 DEG C_nObtaining the total amount M of the gas exhausted by the automobiles in the garage by the aid of the displacement M of the single automobile in unit time, the running time t of the automobiles in the garage and a parking space utilization coefficient k;

combining the evaluation concentration y of the CO emitted by the typical automobile to obtain the amount G of the CO emitted in the garage;

in combination with the concentration y of CO in the outdoor atmosphere₀Allowable CO concentration y in garage₁Calculating to obtain the exhaust air quantity Q required by the garage;

area A of vertical shaft opening combined with lighting and ventilation_cAnd determining the design air flow speed V of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the area of the well head of the lighting and ventilation shaft is calculated as follows:

τ＝τ_o·τ_c·τ_w·K_j

in the formula: a. the_C-producing well opening area;

A_d-the ground area, here considered constant;

C_av-average value of lighting coefficient;

τ — total transmittance of the top lighting shade;

CU — utilization coefficient;

τ_o-the transmittance of the daylighting material;

τ_c-the light blocking reduction factor of the lighting cover structure;

τ_w-the reduction factor of contamination of the glass;

K_j-a wall light blocking reduction factor;

the standard values of the lighting coefficients of different areas are different, and the average value C of the lighting coefficients can be determined_av。

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the conditions for the natural ventilation of the light ventilation shaft under the action of heat and pressure are calculated as follows:

S_y≥ΔP_d+ΔP_m+ΔP_j

in the formula: s_y-the drawing force generated in the lighting ventilation shaft due to the effect of the heat pressing;

ΔP_d-air flows in the daylighting ventilation shaft, a part of the suction force is converted into dynamic pressure of air flow;

ΔP_m-the on-way resistance that the air needs to overcome to flow in the daylighting ventilation shaft;

ΔP_jlocal resistance that air needs to overcome in daylighting ventilation shafts.

6. The method of calculating a fitted underground garage daylighting ventilation device of claim 5, wherein the pull force S_yCalculated by the following formula

In the formula: h, the height of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft (the net height of an underground garage, the soil covering height and the ground height), m;

ρ_oair Density at Standard 1.293kg/m³；

T_w-outdoor air temperature, deg.c;

T_n-standard temperature in the garage at 20 ℃, c;

C_p-atmospheric pressure correction coefficients relating to altitude and atmospheric pressure in different areas.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the air flow in the lighting ventilation shaft is converted to a partial draft pressure for the air flow by the following equation:

in the formula: v-air flow rate in lighting and ventilating shaft, m/s, air discharge quantity Q of lighting and ventilating shaft and area A of lighting well opening_cCalculating;

rho-air density in lighting and ventilating vertical shaft, kg/m³。

8. The method of claim 3, wherein the calculation of the on-way resistance to air flow in the lighting and ventilation shaft is calculated as follows:

ΔP_m＝hΔP_m.

in the formula: delta P_m.-frictional resistance per unit length along the way:

in the formula: λ -coefficient of frictional resistance;

d_e-equivalent diameter of the lighting and ventilation shaft, m;

in the formula: k, absolute roughness m of the inner wall of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft;

Re-Reynolds number.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the air in the lighting ventilation shaft is further required to overcome a local resistance, as calculated by the following equation:

in the formula: Σ ξ_i-sum of local drag coefficients.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the discharge Q of the lighting and ventilating shaft of the underground garage is determined according to the following equation:

Q＝G/(y₁-y₀)

in the formula: q-air discharge, m, required for the garage³/h；

G, the amount of CO discharged in the garage is mg/h;

y₁operating CO concentration in the garage of 30mg/m³；

y₀The concentration of CO in the outdoor atmosphere varies from place to place, and is 2.0-3.0 mg/m in cities³。

The calculation formula of the total emission of CO in the garage is as follows:

G＝M·y

in the formula: m-total amount of exhaust gas of vehicle in garage, M³/h；

y-average concentration of typical automobile-emitted CO, mg/m³In general, 55000mg/m is taken as the case³。

M＝(T₁/T₀)·m·t·k·n

In the formula: n is the number of the designed parking spaces in the garage;

the ratio of the number of vehicles entering and leaving the garage within k-1 h to the designed parking space, also called the parking space utilization coefficient, is closely related to the liquid state of the building served by the garage, and is generally 0.5-1.2;

t-the allowed time of the automobile in the garage, which is generally 2-6 min;

m-displacement per unit time of individual vehicle, m³/min；

T_p-the exhaust temperature of the vehicle in the garage, typically 500+273 ═ 773K;

T_n-standard temperature in the garage at 20 ℃, 273+20 ═ 293K.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of green buildings, and relates to an assembled underground garage lighting and ventilating device and a calculation method thereof.

Background

At present, measures for improving natural lighting of underground spaces mainly comprise lighting skylights, sunken courtyards, light guide pipes, lighting courtyards, patios, light reflecting plates and the like, some of the technologies can only realize single natural lighting or natural ventilation function, and some of the technologies are limited by space on site or have water leakage phenomenon due to poor process on site, and the lighting or ventilation technologies cannot be popularized in a large scale.

In the prior art, the design parameters of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft are not designed in a relatively standardized way, the lighting and ventilation performance of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft cannot be maximized, the controllability of the natural ventilation capacity of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft is improved, and the lighting coefficient of the whole lighting and ventilation device is improved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides an assembled lighting and ventilating device for an underground garage and a calculation method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a lighting and ventilating device of an assembled underground garage is arranged at the top of the garage and comprises a lighting and ventilating vertical shaft for connecting the garage with the outside, wherein a lighting cover is paved at the top of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft, and a safety protection railing is paved at the outer side of the lighting cover; a water intercepting ditch facing the outside of the garage is arranged at the joint of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft and the lighting cover; the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft is conical, and the inner diameter of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft is gradually reduced along the direction close to the lighting cover; the lighting cover is conical, and the inner diameter of the lighting cover gradually increases along the direction close to the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft.

Optionally, the wall of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft is coated with specular reflection or diffuse reflection paint.

A method for calculating a lighting and ventilating device of an assembled underground garage is characterized in that the ground area A of the opening area of a vertical shaft is lighted and ventilated_cCalculatingObtain the corresponding ground area A_dObtaining the number n of the designed parking spaces in the corresponding garage; the combination parameters are as follows: exhaust temperature T of vehicle in garage_pStandard temperature T in garage at 20 DEG C_nObtaining the total amount M of the gas exhausted by the automobiles in the garage by the aid of the displacement M of the single automobile in unit time, the running time t of the automobiles in the garage and a parking space utilization coefficient k; combining the evaluation concentration y of the CO emitted by the typical automobile to obtain the amount G of the CO emitted in the garage; in combination with the concentration y of CO in the outdoor atmosphere₀Allowable CO concentration y in garage₁Calculating to obtain the exhaust air quantity Q required by the garage; area A of vertical shaft opening combined with lighting and ventilation_cAnd determining the design air flow speed V of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft.

Optionally, the area of the wellhead of the lighting and ventilating shaft is calculated by the following formula:

τ＝τ_o·τ_c·τ_w·K_j

in the formula: a. the_C-producing well opening area;

A_d-the ground area, here considered constant;

C_av-average value of lighting coefficient;

τ — total transmittance of the top lighting shade;

CU — utilization coefficient;

τ_o-the transmittance of the daylighting material;

τ_c-the light blocking reduction factor of the lighting cover structure;

τ_w-the reduction factor of contamination of the glass;

K_j-a wall light blocking reduction factor;

the standard values of the lighting coefficients of different areas are different, and the average value C of the lighting coefficients can be determined_av。

Optionally, the condition that the lighting ventilation shaft generates natural ventilation under the action of hot pressing is calculated according to the following formula:

S_y≥ΔP_d+ΔP_m+ΔP_j

in the formula: s_y-the drawing force generated in the lighting ventilation shaft due to the effect of the heat pressing;

ΔP_d-air flows in the daylighting ventilation shaft, a part of the suction force is converted into dynamic pressure of air flow;

ΔP_m-the on-way resistance that the air needs to overcome to flow in the daylighting ventilation shaft;

ΔP_jlocal resistance that air needs to overcome in daylighting ventilation shafts.

Optionally, a suction force S_yCalculated by the following formula

In the formula: h, the height of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft (the net height of an underground garage, the soil covering height and the ground height), m;

ρ_oair Density at Standard 1.293kg/m³；

T_w-outdoor air temperature, deg.c;

T_n-standard temperature in the garage at 20 ℃, c;

C_p-atmospheric pressure correction coefficients relating to altitude and atmospheric pressure in different areas.

Optionally, the air flows in the lighting ventilation shaft, and a part of the pumping force is converted into dynamic pressure of the air flow, which is calculated according to the following formula:

in the formula: v-air flow rate in lighting and ventilating shaft, m/s, air discharge quantity Q and mining of lighting and ventilating shaft

Area A of light well opening_cCalculating;

rho-air density in lighting and ventilating vertical shaft, kg/m³。

Optionally, the on-way resistance is overcome when air flows in the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft, and the calculation is carried out according to the following formula:

ΔP_m＝hΔP_m.

in the formula: delta P_m-frictional resistance per unit length along the way:

in the formula: λ -coefficient of frictional resistance;

d_e-equivalent diameter of the lighting and ventilation shaft, m;

in the formula: k, absolute roughness m of the inner wall of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft;

Re-Reynolds number.

Optionally, the air in the lighting and ventilation shaft needs to overcome local resistance, which is calculated according to the following formula:

in the formula: Σ ξ_i-sum of local drag coefficients.

Optionally, the air discharge quantity Q of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft of the underground garage is determined according to the following formula:

Q＝G/(y₁-y₀)

in the formula: q-air discharge, m, required for the garage³/h；

G, the amount of CO discharged in the garage is mg/h;

y₁operating CO concentration in the garage of 30mg/m³；

y₀The concentration of CO in the outdoor atmosphere varies from place to place, and is 2.0-3.0 mg/m in cities³. The calculation formula of the total emission of CO in the garage is as follows:

G＝M·y

in the formula: m-total amount of exhaust gas of vehicle in garage, M³/h；

y-average concentration of typical automobile-emitted CO, mg/m³In general, 55000mg/m is taken as the case³。

M＝(T₁/T₀)·m·t·k·n

In the formula: n is the number of the designed parking spaces in the garage;

the ratio of the number of vehicles entering and leaving the garage within k-1 h to the designed parking space, also called the parking space utilization coefficient, is closely related to the liquid state of the building served by the garage, and is generally 0.5-1.2;

t-the allowed time of the automobile in the garage, which is generally 2-6 min;

m-displacement per unit time of individual vehicle, m³/min；

T_p-the exhaust temperature of the vehicle in the garage, typically 500+273 ═ 773K;

T_n-standard temperature in the garage at 20 ℃, 273+20 ═ 293K.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention can realize the natural lighting of the garage, realize the natural ventilation of the garage, and also can be used as the indoor and outdoor night illumination, and the manufacturing and assembling efficiency is improved by adopting the modularized rapid prefabricated assembly type modularized splicing technology; the daylighting effect is improved by adjusting the shape, size and gradient of the daylighting ventilation vertical shaft and spraying paint on the well wall; the specification of the ground fixing frame, the height of the ventilation louver and the angle of the lighting shade can be adjusted according to requirements; the solar power generation energy storage lamp is used for improving night illumination and ground landscape illumination; the water interception ditch is arranged outside the built-in water baffle plate to prevent water leakage and water seepage, and the safety protection guardrail plays roles of safety warning and isolation protection.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.

Drawings

For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a calculation process of the area of a lighting and ventilating vertical shaft;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of calculation of designed flow rate of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft;

fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the lighting and ventilating shaft.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.

Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.

The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

Referring to fig. 1-3, the reference numbers in the figures refer to the following elements: the garage comprises a garage top 1, a lighting and ventilation vertical shaft 2, a well wall 3, a specular reflection or diffuse reflection coating 4, a catch basin 5, a ground fixing frame 6, a water baffle 7, a ventilation louver 8, a lighting cover 9, a solar power generation energy storage lamp 10, a waterproof layer 11, a safety protection railing 12 and earth 13.

The invention relates to a lighting and ventilating structure of an assembled underground garage, which is arranged at the top 1 of the garage and comprises a lighting and ventilating vertical shaft 2 for connecting the garage with the outside, wherein a lighting cover 9 is paved at the top of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft 2, and a safety protection railing 12 is paved at the outer side of the lighting cover 9; and a water intercepting ditch 5 facing the outside of the garage is arranged at the joint of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft 2 and the lighting cover 9. And a garage top plate soil cover 13 is paved on the outer side of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft 2.

When the area comparison ratio of the window ground is the same, the average lighting coefficients of different lighting hole shapes are square, long and flat, triangular, thin and high in sequence. The shape of the opening of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft 2 is set to be square, but not limited to be square. When the wall 3 of the lighting and ventilating shaft 2 is designed to be splayed or inclined, the smaller the angle between the wall 3 and the horizontal plane is, the better the lighting effect is, but the corresponding construction cost can be improved. The inclination angle is better between 45 degrees and 60 degrees, the construction cost is moderate, people can see the sky in a wider range, and the intense brightness contrast can be weakened to avoid the generation of glare. The angle of the wall 3 of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft 2 is set to be 60 degrees, but not limited to be 60 degrees.

At present, wall materials of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft 2 are mainly cement mortar plastering and lime plastering, and no special consideration is provided for lighting characteristics. From the viewpoint of lighting quality, the well wall 3 is best made of diffuse reflection materials, and the diffuse reflection materials can reflect light rays into the underground warehouse through different angles to form a soft and comfortable light environment. However, when the height-to-width ratio H/W of the light well is greater than 2, the diffuse reflection material is not suitable. At the moment, a mirror reflection material can be adopted to reflect light rays to more areas in the ground warehouse, and a reasonable reflection path is formed by the design of the angle of the reflection surface through the selection of the mirror reflection material, so that glare formed at the height of human eyes can be avoided. The wall 3 of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft 2 can adopt mirror reflection or diffuse reflection coating 4 according to the requirement.

The ground fixing frame 6 is arranged on the shaft opening of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft 2 and is used for fixing the prefabricated transparent ventilation louver 8 and the top lighting cover 9. The ground fixing frame is composed of a plurality of structural frames, the length of each structural frame is 1000mm, and the ground fixing frames with different specifications can be spliced according to the shape and the size of the opening of the lighting and ventilation shaft 2. The transparent ventilation louver 8 is installed on the fixed frame, and the height of the side surface of the overground part of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft 2 can be formed by splicing a plurality of transparent ventilation louvers 8 according to requirements. The smaller the angle of the louver, the better the lighting and ventilation effect. The angle of the transparent ventilation louver 8 in the scheme is 0-45 degrees, and the angle of the louver can be adjusted.

The average lighting coefficient of the lighting covers 9 in different styles is single-angle cone, dome, quadrangular pyramid, arch, flat and nine-angle cone in sequence. The design of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft 2 lighting cover 9 is set to be a single-angle cone, but not limited to the single-angle cone. The angle between the lighting cover 9 and the horizontal plane is 30-60 degrees, which is convenient for rain washing, reduces dust deposition and achieves the effect of self-cleaning.

The lighting cover 9 commonly used at present is made of glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) lighting board, Polycarbonate (PC) board, toughened glass, laminated glass and the like. The top lighting cover 9 material in the scheme has the main performances of high transmittance, heat accumulation, strong impact resistance and easy cleaning, and is mainly made of high-light-transmittance heat-accumulation safety laminated glass, but not limited to the material.

In the scheme, the solar power generation energy storage lamp 10 is installed at the top of the lighting cover 9, is connected with a solar photovoltaic power generation system, has an illumination induction function, and is used for garage illumination at night and when the illumination is low. The lighting lamp can also be used for night ground landscape lighting, and has the functions of safety reminding and landscape beautifying.

In the scheme, the water baffle 7 is arranged in the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft 2, so that rainwater is prevented from entering an underground garage through the shutter; a water intercepting groove is formed around the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft 2, and rainwater is prevented from penetrating to an underground garage through the periphery of the opening of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft 2. Install safety protection railing 12 around daylighting ventilation shaft 2, safety protection railing 12 adopts the prefabricated assembled mosaic structure of modularization, assembles into different specifications as required, plays the effect of safety warning and isolation protection.

In the assembly process, the position of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft which can be arranged is firstly determined according to project actual conditions and by combining the lighting requirement of the garage, the indoor air quality requirement and the landscape design requirement for comprehensive consideration.

The garage top plate 1, the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft 2 and the well wall 3 are poured by the same materials, the opening of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft 2 is preferably square, and the unit length of the size of the opening is 1m, so that the ground fixing frame 5 can be prefabricated conveniently; the angle of the wall 3 of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft 2 is preferably 60 degrees; the surface of the well wall 3 is sprayed with specular reflection or diffuse reflection coating 4, when the height-to-width ratio H/W of the lighting well is less than 2, a diffuse reflection material is adopted, and when the height-to-width ratio H/W of the lighting well is more than 2, the specular reflection material is adopted, so that the lighting effect is improved; an intercepting ditch 5 is excavated on the outer side of the top of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft 2, the gradient is 1%, and the intercepting ditch is connected with a direct external drainage system to prevent water leakage and seepage of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft; the ground track frame 6 adopts a modular prefabricated assembly type splicing structure, has unit length of 1m, is assembled into different specifications according to the size of a hole of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft 2, is fixedly arranged on the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft 2 and the well wall 3 and is used for supporting a water baffle 7, a transparent ventilation louver 8 and a top lighting cover 9; the transparent ventilation louver 8 is arranged on the ground track frame 6, and can be assembled into different heights by adopting a modular prefabricated assembly type splicing structure; the top lighting shade 9 is arranged at the tops of the ground fixing frame 6 and the transparent ventilation louver 8 by adopting an optimal single-angle conical shape and an optimal 30-degree angle, and is assembled according to the ground fixing frame 6 and the transparent ventilation louver 8 by adopting a modular prefabricated assembly type splicing structure; a solar power generation energy storage lamp 10 is arranged in the top lighting cover 9, the solar power generation energy storage lamp 10 is connected with an external solar photovoltaic panel power generation system, and a waterproof layer 11 with the radius of 200mm is laid on the conical top surface of the top lighting cover 9; the safety protection railing 12 is installed around the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft, the assembly type splicing structure is prefabricated in a modularized mode, and different specifications are assembled according to the size of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft and the requirement of matching project landscape.

Calculating the area and size of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft: when the standard value of the lighting coefficient is known, the area and the size of the lighting ventilation vertical shaft are calculated during design, and the calculation flow is as follows:

the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft can be regarded as top lighting, and the area of the opening of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft is calculated according to the following formula:

τ＝τ_o·τ_c·τ_w·K_j

in the formula: a. the_C-producing well opening area;

A_d-the ground area, here considered constant;

C_av-average value of lighting coefficient;

τ — total transmittance of the top lighting shade;

CU — utilization coefficient;

τ_o-the transmittance of the daylighting material;

τ_c-the light blocking reduction factor of the lighting cover structure;

τ_w-the reduction factor of contamination of the glass;

K_j-a wall light blocking reduction factor;

the standard values of the lighting coefficients of different areas are different, and the average value C of the lighting coefficients can be determined_av。

Determining a lighting cover performance parameter tau from lighting cover material_o、τ_c、τ_wAt this time, the total transmittance τ and K_jProportional ratio, K_jRelated to the size of the opening of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft, and K is measured and calculated when the areas are the same_{j square}＞K_{j rectangle}I.e. tau_{Square shape}＞τ_Rectangle. Average value of lighting coefficient C_avAt a certain time, the larger the total transmittance tau is, the required area A of the light production well opening is_CThe smaller, therefore the patent chooses a squareAs a preferred shape of the lighting and ventilation shaft opening.

The CU is related to ceiling reflectance, wall reflectance, ground reflectance and room-space ratio RCR, the RCR is influenced by the height and size of the garage, the CU ceiling reflectance, the wall reflectance and the ground reflectance are in direct proportion at a certain time, and the wall reflectance can be improved by spraying the specular reflection coating or the diffuse reflection coating 4 on the well wall 3. Average value of lighting coefficient C_avThe required area A of the opening of the lighting well at a certain time and wall surface reflectance_CThe smaller.

Area of ground A_dTaking the value as a fixed value, and combining the average value C of the optical coefficients which are determined to be collected_avThe total transmittance tau and the utilization coefficient CU of the top lighting cover can determine the area A of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft opening_c。

The preferred shape is square, and the lighting and ventilation shaft is sized.

A_CThe area of the opening of the lighting well can be approximately regarded as the area A of the opening of the lighting well when the well wall is splayed or inclined_CIncrease, correspondingly, can improve the average value C of the lighting coefficient_av。

And visually rechecking whether the lighting coefficient meets the requirement by using computer simulation software, and carrying out iterative optimization until the lighting coefficient meets the requirement.

Calculating the air flow rate of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft: knowing the area and the size of the opening of the lighting well, the air exhausting quantity and the air speed of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft are calculated during design, and the calculation flow is as follows:

the natural ventilation of the garage lighting and ventilating shaft is realized mainly by utilizing the hot pressing effect caused by the indoor and outdoor temperature difference or the wind pressure effect caused by outdoor wind power, namely, the lighting and ventilating shaft exhausts air outwards under the hot pressing effect, and the garage entrance and exit supplements air in the garage under the wind pressure effect. But generally, the influence of the hot pressing on the natural ventilation of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft is mainly considered because outdoor wind power has instability, wind speed and wind direction are frequently changed, and the influence on the natural ventilation of the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft of the underground garage is limited.

Due to the effect of hot pressing, the drawing force generated in the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft is the natural ventilating power of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft, and the condition that the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft of the underground garage generates natural ventilation under the effect of hot pressing is calculated according to the following formula:

S_y≥ΔP_d+ΔP_m+ΔP_j

in the formula: s_y-the drawing force generated in the lighting ventilation shaft due to the effect of the heat pressing;

ΔP_d-air flows in the daylighting ventilation shaft, a part of the suction force is converted into dynamic pressure of air flow;

ΔP_m-the on-way resistance that the air needs to overcome to flow in the daylighting ventilation shaft;

ΔP_jlocal resistance that air needs to overcome in daylighting ventilation shafts.

Drawing force S_yCalculated as follows:

in the formula: h, the height of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft (the net height of an underground garage, the soil covering height and the ground height), m;

ρ_oair Density at Standard 1.293kg/m³；

T_w-outdoor air temperature, deg.c;

T_n-standard temperature in the garage at 20 ℃, c;

C_p-atmospheric pressure correction coefficients relating to altitude and atmospheric pressure in different areas.

Air flows in the lighting ventilation shaft, and a part of suction force is converted into dynamic pressure of air flow, and the dynamic pressure is calculated according to the following formula:

in the formula: v-air flow rate in lighting and ventilating shaft, m/s, air discharge quantity Q of lighting and ventilating shaft and area A of lighting well opening_cCalculating;

rho-lightingAir density in the ventilation shaft, kg/m³。

The air flow in the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft needs to overcome the on-way resistance, and the calculation is carried out according to the following formula:

ΔP_m＝hΔP_m.

in the formula: delta P_m-frictional resistance per unit length along the way:

in the formula: λ -coefficient of frictional resistance;

d_e-equivalent diameter of the lighting and ventilation shaft, m.

In the formula: k, absolute roughness m of the inner wall of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft;

Re-Reynolds number.

The air also needs to overcome local resistance in the lighting and ventilation shaft, and the calculation is carried out according to the following formula:

in the formula: Σ ξ_i-sum of local drag coefficients.

The overground side part of the patent is formed by assembling modularized prefabricated transparent ventilation shutters 8, the height can be freely adjusted, namely the height h of the lighting ventilation shaft is adjusted, and the drawing force S of the lighting ventilation shaft under the action of hot pressing is correspondingly adjusted_yThe controllability of the natural ventilation capacity of the lighting ventilation vertical shaft under the action of hot pressing is enhanced;

this patent top light-collecting shade gathers hot safe doubling glass through adopting high printing opacity, because glass gathers heat, has improved air temperature in the daylighting ventilation shaft, has reduced daylighting ventilation shaft air density, according to the formula of telling about in the past, can reduce delta P_d、ΔP_m、ΔP_jCorrespondingly, the lighting and ventilation vertical shaft is improvedNatural ventilation under the action of hot pressing.

Meanwhile, according to the formula, the air flow V in the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft, the air exhaust quantity Q of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft and the area A of the opening of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft can be known_cRelated, area of opening A_cAnd at a certain time, the air flow speed V in the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft can be calculated by determining the air exhaust quantity Q of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft, so that whether the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft of the underground garage meets the condition of generating natural ventilation under the action of hot pressing is determined.

The air discharge quantity Q of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft of the underground garage is determined according to the following formula:

Q＝G/(y₁-y₀)

in the formula: q-air discharge, m, required for the garage³/h；

G, the amount of CO discharged in the garage is mg/h;

y₁operating CO concentration in the garage of 30mg/m³；

y₀The concentration of CO in the outdoor atmosphere varies from place to place, and the concentration of CO in the general city can be 2.0-3.0 mg/m³The method is adopted.

The calculation formula of the total emission of CO in the garage is as follows:

G＝M·y

in the formula: m-total amount of exhaust gas of vehicle in garage, M³/h；

y-average concentration of typical automobile-emitted CO, mg/m³In general, 55000mg/m is taken as the case³。

M＝(T₁/T₀)·m·t·k·n

In the formula: n is the number of the designed parking spaces in the garage;

the ratio of the number of vehicles entering and leaving the garage within k-1 h to the designed parking space, also called the parking space utilization coefficient, is closely related to the liquid state of the building served by the garage, and is generally 0.5-1.2;

t-the allowed time of the automobile in the garage, which is generally 2-6 min;

m-displacement per unit time of individual vehicle, m³Min, [ typically 1.2-1.5m³V (h) is obtained]；

T_pThe exhaust temperature of the vehicle in the garage is generally 500-;

T_n-standard temperature in the garage at 20 ℃, 273+20 ═ 293K.

The ground area A of the opening area of the known daylighting and ventilating vertical shaft_cThe corresponding ground area A can be known_dAnd obtaining the design parking number n in the corresponding garage, and combining the parameters: exhaust temperature T of vehicle in garage_pStandard temperature T in garage at 20 DEG C_nThe total amount M of the gas exhausted by the automobiles in the garage can be obtained by the displacement M of a single automobile in unit time, the running time t of the automobiles in the garage and the parking space utilization coefficient k;

combining the evaluation concentration y of the CO emitted by the typical automobile to obtain the amount G of the CO emitted in the garage;

in combination with the concentration y of CO in the outdoor atmosphere₀Allowable CO concentration y in garage₁Calculating to obtain the exhaust air quantity Q required by the garage;

area A of vertical shaft opening combined with lighting and ventilation_cAnd determining the design air flow speed V of the lighting and ventilating vertical shaft.

Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.