阅读说明：本技术 植物诱变育种新技术 (New technique for mutation breeding of plant ) 是由 钦星 钦全 付少丽 付芽丽 王仕明 陈汝婷 王汇 钦平 向春花 于 2021-07-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了植物诱变育种新技术,具体步骤如下：1)将诱变的农作物种子或无性繁殖的插条、果树枝条,进行包装处理1～10小时；2)然后用1～10万伏高压电、高温40～100度混合处理1～10小时,再用低温零下1～16度、1～10万伏高压电混合处理1～10小时即得目标突变体。本发明的技术可以快速改变植物DNA的分子结构,从诱变2～5代中出现早熟、抗病虫、抗寒、抗旱和抗高温的优良变异,在较短的时间内,快速培育和稳定各类新品种,较传统的诱变技术提高效果1～2倍以上；比传统化学、物理、太空育种安全性更高,且成本降低80％以上。(The invention discloses a new plant mutation breeding technology, which comprises the following specific steps: 1) packaging the mutagenized crop seeds or asexual propagation cuttings and fruit tree branches for 1-10 hours; 2) and then mixing and processing the mixture for 1 to 10 hours by using high voltage of 1 to 10 ten thousand volts and high temperature of 40 to 100 ℃, and mixing and processing the mixture for 1 to 10 hours by using high voltage of 1 to 16 ℃ and 1 to 10 ten thousand volts at low temperature to obtain the target mutant. The technology of the invention can quickly change the molecular structure of plant DNA, the excellent variation of prematurity, disease and insect resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance and high temperature resistance appears in 2-5 generations of mutagenesis, various new varieties are quickly cultivated and stabilized in a shorter time, and the effect is improved by more than 1-2 times compared with the traditional mutagenesis technology; compared with the traditional chemical, physical and space breeding, the safety is higher, and the cost is reduced by more than 80%.)

1. The new technology for mutation breeding of plants is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

1) packaging the mutagenized crop seeds or asexual propagation cuttings and fruit tree branches for 1-10 hours;

2) and then mixing and processing the mixture for 1 to 10 hours by using high voltage of 1 to 10 ten thousand volts and high temperature of 40 to 100 ℃, and mixing and processing the mixture for 1 to 10 hours by using high voltage of 1 to 16 ℃ and 1 to 10 ten thousand volts at low temperature to obtain the target mutant.

2. A novel technique for mutation breeding of plants according to claim 1, wherein the mutation treatment time is the first month of the lunar calendar.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant breeding, in particular to a novel plant mutation breeding technology.

Background

The mutagenesis technique is capable of producing various useful mutants, and thus, it has been highly appreciated by breeders that new types, new traits, and new genes which are rare in nature or difficult to obtain by a general conventional method are produced. The mutation breeding at home and abroad can be divided into physical mutation and chemical mutation according to the property of a mutagen, the currently mainly applied chemical factors comprise EMS/DES/E1/NaN3 and the like, and the physical factors comprise X/beta/gamma rays, thermal neutron radiation, ultraviolet rays, laser, heavy ion injection and the like. The traditional chemical, physical and space breeding technology has higher cost and lower safety.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a novel plant mutation breeding technology, wherein excellent variation of prematurity, disease and insect resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance and high temperature resistance appears in 2-5 generations generated by mutation, and various new varieties can be rapidly cultivated and stabilized in a short time.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a new plant mutation breeding technology which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

1) packaging the mutagenized crop seeds or asexual propagation cuttings and fruit tree branches for 1-10 hours;

2) and then mixing and processing the mixture for 1 to 10 hours by using high voltage of 1 to 10 ten thousand volts and high temperature of 40 to 100 ℃, and mixing and processing the mixture for 1 to 10 hours by using high voltage of 1 to 16 ℃ and 1 to 10 ten thousand volts at low temperature to obtain the target mutant.

Preferably, the mutagenesis treatment time is the first month of the lunar calendar, the effect is better, and the effect is the second time at other times.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the molecular structure of plant DNA can be changed rapidly, excellent variation of prematurity, disease and insect resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance and high temperature resistance appears in 2-5 generations of mutagenesis, various new varieties are rapidly cultivated and stabilized in a short time, and the effect is improved by more than 1-2 times compared with that of the traditional mutagenesis technology; compared with the traditional chemical, physical and space breeding, the safety is higher, and the cost is reduced by more than 80%.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely in the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The new plant mutation breeding technology comprises the following specific steps:

1) packaging and processing the orange branches of the red beauty variety for 5 hours;

2) mixing 8 kilovolt high voltage at high temperature of 80 ℃ for 6 hours, and then mixing 8 kilovolt high voltage at low temperature of-15 ℃ for 3 hours.

The variety 198 obtained by mutagenesis is slightly thicker than the original seed coat, is more resistant to storage and transportation, and is premature for 20-30 days; the yield is higher than that of the original variety, and the tree vigor is more vigorous and has stronger cold resistance.

Example 2

The new plant mutation breeding technology comprises the following specific steps:

1) packaging the American sugar orange branches for 6 hours;

2) mixing and processing for 5 hours at high temperature of 60 ℃ by adopting 9 ten thousand volts of high voltage, and then mixing and processing for 4 hours at low temperature of minus 10 ℃ by adopting 9 ten thousand volts of high voltage.

The Qinzui 1 variety obtained by mutagenesis is earlier than the original variety by 15-20 days;

example 3

The new plant mutation breeding technology comprises the following specific steps:

1) packaging the Wmei variety branches for 9 hours;

2) the mixed treatment is carried out for 5 hours at high temperature and 70 ℃ by adopting 7 ten thousand volts of high voltage, and then the mixed treatment is carried out for 4 hours at low temperature and minus 10 ℃ by adopting 7 ten thousand of high voltage.

The variety obtained by mutagenesis is 20-30 days earlier than the original variety;

example 4

The new plant mutation breeding technology comprises the following specific steps:

1) packaging and treating the spring citrus branches for 6 hours;

2) mixing 8 kilovolt high voltage at 85 ℃ for 6 hours, and then mixing 8 kilovolt high voltage at-10 ℃ for 3 hours.

The variety obtained by mutagenesis is 1-2 jin of months earlier than the original variety;

2019 the breeding method is adopted to treat the grafting of the Huangpi Yuan Xiaochun branches, and the variation of the Honpi Tianzi is found in 2021 winter.

The mutation test on vegetable cucumber shows that the large fruit type is varied, and the cucumber and the seed are obviously enlarged.

The test on the corn shows that the ears become large and the stems become thick;

the design of the invention can quickly change the molecular structure of plant DNA, the excellent variation of prematurity, disease and insect resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance and high temperature resistance appears in 2-5 generations of mutagenesis, various new varieties are quickly cultivated and stabilized in a shorter time, and the effect is improved by more than 1-2 times compared with the traditional mutagenesis technology; compared with the traditional chemical, physical and space breeding, the safety is higher, and the cost is reduced by more than 80%.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.