阅读说明：本技术 一种对开门开闭机构、底门开闭组成以及铁路漏斗车 (Split door opening and closing mechanism, bottom door opening and closing assembly and railway hopper car ) 是由 陈伟 李晓军 史春江 徐冬华 闫瑞 张仙花 吴宇波 王剑 沈鹏 于 2021-07-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种对开门开闭机构、底门开闭组成以及铁路漏斗车,对开门开闭机构包括主动轴和主动连杆机构,主动轴上设置有主动轴；主动连杆机构包括偏心自锁连杆机构和随动连杆机构,偏心自锁连杆机构的第一端与主动轴固定连接,偏心自锁连杆机构的第二端与随动连杆机构的第一端铰接,随动连杆机构的第二端用于与对开门的门板的第一端铰接。工作时,主动连杆机构的偏心自锁连杆机构以主动轴为转轴、在垂直于主动轴轴向的平面内转动,从而改变偏心自锁连杆机构的铰接端的空间位置,使得随动连杆机构随之移动,从而驱动对开门的门板打开或关闭。该对开门开闭机构结构简单、操作灵活,可提升铁路漏斗车的适应性能。(The invention discloses a split door opening and closing mechanism, a bottom door opening and closing assembly and a railway hopper wagon, wherein the split door opening and closing mechanism comprises a driving shaft and a driving connecting rod mechanism, and the driving shaft is provided with the driving shaft; the driving connecting rod mechanism comprises an eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and a follow-up connecting rod mechanism, a first end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, a second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is hinged with a first end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism, and a second end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism is hinged with a first end of a door plate of the side-by-side door. When the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism works, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism of the driving connecting rod mechanism takes the driving shaft as a rotating shaft and rotates in a plane vertical to the axial direction of the driving shaft, so that the spatial position of the hinged end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is changed, the follow-up connecting rod mechanism moves along with the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism, and the door plate of the split door is driven to be opened or closed. The split door opening and closing mechanism is simple in structure and flexible to operate, and the adaptability of the railway hopper car can be improved.)

1. A split door opening and closing mechanism is characterized in that: including driving shaft and initiative link mechanism, initiative link mechanism includes eccentric auto-lock link mechanism and follow-up link mechanism, eccentric auto-lock link mechanism's first end with driving shaft fixed connection, eccentric auto-lock link mechanism's second end with follow-up link mechanism's first end is articulated, follow-up link mechanism's second end is used for articulating respectively with the first end of two door plants of running from opposite directions the door, with when the driving shaft rotates, eccentric auto-lock link mechanism is along its axial displacement, and passes through follow-up link mechanism drives open or close the running from opposite directions the door.

2. The split-door opening and closing mechanism of claim 1, wherein: the driving connecting rod mechanism comprises one eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms, the first end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is hinged with the first ends of the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms respectively, and the second ends of the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms are hinged with the first ends of the two door panels of the side-by-side combination door respectively.

3. The split-door opening and closing mechanism of claim 2, wherein: the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism comprises a shaft sleeve, a swinging block, a crank and a cross beam, wherein the shaft sleeve, the swinging block and the crank are sequentially hinged, a rotating shaft of a hinged point is parallel to the driving shaft, the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the driving shaft, an eccentric groove is formed in the side part of the crank, and the shape of the eccentric groove is matched with the shape of the cross section of the shaft sleeve, so that the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is driven by the driving shaft to rotate and contract to a state that the shaft sleeve is clamped into the eccentric groove or to rotate and expand to a state that the shaft sleeve is separated from the eccentric groove;

the cross beam is fixedly arranged at the free end of the crank, two ends of the cross beam extend out of the crank, first ends of the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms are hinged with two ends of the cross beam respectively, and a rotating shaft of a hinged point is perpendicular to the driving shaft.

4. The split-door opening and closing mechanism of claim 1, wherein: the driving connecting rod mechanism comprises two eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms and two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms, wherein the first ends of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms are fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the second ends of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms are hinged with the first ends of the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms respectively, and the second ends of the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms are hinged with the first ends of the two door panels of the side-by-side combination door respectively.

5. The split-door opening and closing mechanism of claim 4, wherein: the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism comprises a shaft sleeve, a swinging block and a crank throw, the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the driving shaft, the shaft sleeve, the swinging block and the crank throw are sequentially hinged, and a rotating shaft of a hinged point is parallel to the driving shaft; the free end of the crank throw is hinged with the first end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism, and a rotating shaft of a hinged point is perpendicular to the driving shaft;

the side part of the crank throw is provided with an eccentric groove, and the shape of the eccentric groove is matched with the shape of the cross section of the shaft sleeve, so that the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is driven by the driving shaft to rotate and contract to a state that the shaft sleeve is clamped into the eccentric groove or rotate and expand to a state that the shaft sleeve is separated from the eccentric groove.

6. The split-door opening and closing mechanism of claim 3 or 5, wherein: the driving shaft is provided with a prism section; the shaft sleeve is a prismatic sleeve, and is sleeved on the prismatic section; the eccentric groove is a prismatic groove.

7. The split-door opening and closing mechanism of claim 1, wherein: the follow-up connecting rod mechanism comprises a connecting rod component and a connecting ring, wherein the first end of the connecting rod component is hinged with the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism, a rotating shaft of a hinged point is perpendicular to the driving shaft, the second end of the connecting rod component is provided with a hanging ring, and the connecting ring is sleeved on the hanging ring and used for being hinged with the door panel.

8. The split-door opening and closing mechanism of claim 7, wherein: the connecting rod component comprises a connecting rod and an adjusting rod, the first end of the connecting rod is hinged to the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism, the second end of the connecting rod is in threaded connection with the first end of the adjusting rod, and the hanging ring is arranged at the second end of the adjusting rod.

9. The split-door opening and closing mechanism of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the opening and closing mechanism for the side-by-side door further comprises a driven shaft, a driven link mechanism and a transmission mechanism, wherein: the driven shaft and the driving shaft are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the transmission mechanism is respectively connected with the driven shaft and the driving shaft so as to enable the driven shaft to synchronously rotate along with the driving shaft; the structure of driven link mechanism with initiative link mechanism's structure is the same, driven link mechanism includes equally eccentric auto-lock link mechanism with follow-up link mechanism, eccentric auto-lock link mechanism's first end with driven shaft fixed connection, eccentric auto-lock link mechanism's second end with follow-up link mechanism's first end is articulated, follow-up link mechanism's second end be used for with the second end of two door plant of running from opposite directions door articulated respectively, with the driving shaft with when the driven shaft rotates, eccentric auto-lock link mechanism is along its axial displacement, and pass through follow-up link mechanism drives the running from opposite directions door is opened or is closed.

10. The split-door opening and closing mechanism of claim 9, wherein: the driven link mechanism and the driving link mechanism are symmetrically arranged by taking a central axis of the split door, which is parallel to the axial direction of the driving shaft/the driven shaft, as a symmetric axis.

11. The split-door opening and closing mechanism of claim 10, wherein: the transmission mechanism is a chain transmission mechanism, the chain transmission mechanism comprises a driving chain wheel, a driven chain wheel and a transmission chain, the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel are respectively and fixedly arranged on the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and the transmission chain is sleeved on the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel in a 180-degree twisted posture so as to transmit torque.

12. The split-door opening and closing mechanism of claim 9, wherein: the driven link mechanism and the driving link mechanism are identical in structure and installation direction.

13. The split-door opening and closing mechanism of claim 12, wherein: the transmission mechanism is a chain transmission mechanism, the chain transmission mechanism comprises a driving chain wheel, a driven chain wheel and a transmission chain, the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel are fixedly arranged on the driving shaft and the driven shaft respectively, and the transmission chain is sleeved on the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel to transmit torque.

14. The utility model provides a bottom door switching is constituteed which characterized in that: the split-door opening and closing mechanism comprises a split-bottom door and the split-door opening and closing mechanism of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the split-bottom door comprises a first bottom door and a second bottom door which are symmetrically arranged along a first direction, the outer side edge of the first bottom door and the outer side edge of the second bottom door are both hinged edges, and the inner side edge of the first bottom door is arranged opposite to the inner side edge of the second bottom door; the driving shaft of the opening and closing mechanism is perpendicular to the second direction of the first direction and is arranged at the end part of the opening bottom door, two servo link mechanisms are arranged in the opening and closing mechanism, and the two servo link mechanisms are respectively hinged with the inner side edges of the first bottom door and the second bottom door.

15. A railroad hopper car, characterized by: comprising the bottom door opening and closing assembly of claim 14.

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of railway freight cars, and in particular relates to a split door opening and closing mechanism, a bottom door opening and closing assembly and a railway hopper car.

Background

The railway hopper wagon is a railway vehicle which is used for loading and transporting bulk cargos and has a self-unloading function. Because the unloading saves the manpower, the economy is swift, the hopper car occupies a very large proportion in the foreign railway freight car reserves, the hopper structure and the unloading organization are also of various kinds, and domestic hopper car quantity and motorcycle type are less, the structural style is also comparatively single, the carrying capacity is weaker. In recent years, with the increase of the axle weight of a truck and the increase of labor cost, the development of a novel railway hopper car is urgent.

The existing hopper car with longitudinally arranged bottom doors comprises an unloading system, wherein the unloading system comprises at least one group of bottom door transmission mechanisms and a control system, the bottom doors are controlled by one or more transmission shafts longitudinally arranged along a car body, and the longitudinal transmission shafts need to run through the unloading area of the car body, so that a longitudinal hopper ridge needs to be arranged in the car body, the transmission shafts are arranged at the lower part of the longitudinal hopper ridge, the car body hopper is divided into a plurality of longitudinal unloading openings by the longitudinal hopper ridge, the hopper structure is integrally W-shaped, and the actual loading space is reduced.

Limited by the funnel structure, the existing hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism is divided into an upper transmission device and a lower transmission mechanism, the structure is complex, the dead weight is large, the transmission efficiency is low, the door opening force is large, and the clamping stagnation is easy to occur.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the split door opening and closing mechanism, the bottom door opening and closing assembly and the railway hopper car.

The technical scheme adopted for realizing the aim of the invention is that the opening and closing mechanism of the split door comprises a driving shaft and a driving connecting rod mechanism, wherein the driving connecting rod mechanism comprises an eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and a follow-up connecting rod mechanism, the first end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is hinged with the first end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism, and the second end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism is respectively hinged with the first ends of two door plates of the split door, so that when the driving shaft rotates, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism moves along the axial direction of the driving shaft and drives the split door to be opened or closed through the follow-up connecting rod mechanism.

Optionally, the driving link mechanism comprises one eccentric self-locking link mechanism and two servo link mechanisms, the first end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is hinged to the first end of each of the two servo link mechanisms, and the second end of each of the two servo link mechanisms is hinged to the first end of each of the two door panels of the side-by-side combination door.

Optionally, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism includes a shaft sleeve, a swing block, a crank and a cross beam, the shaft sleeve, the swing block and the crank are sequentially hinged, a rotating shaft of a hinge point is parallel to the driving shaft, the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the driving shaft, an eccentric groove is formed in a side portion of the crank, and the shape of the eccentric groove is matched with the shape of the cross section of the shaft sleeve, so that the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is driven by the driving shaft to rotate and contract to a state that the shaft sleeve is clamped into the eccentric groove, or to rotate and expand to a state that the shaft sleeve is separated from the eccentric groove;

the cross beam is fixedly arranged at the free end of the crank, two ends of the cross beam extend out of the crank, first ends of the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms are hinged with two ends of the cross beam respectively, and a rotating shaft of a hinged point is perpendicular to the driving shaft.

Optionally, the driving link mechanism comprises two eccentric self-locking link mechanisms and two follow-up link mechanisms, the first ends of the two eccentric self-locking link mechanisms are fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the second ends of the two eccentric self-locking link mechanisms are respectively hinged with the first ends of the two follow-up link mechanisms, and the second ends of the two follow-up link mechanisms are respectively used for being hinged with the first ends of the two door panels of the side-by-side door.

Optionally, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism comprises a shaft sleeve, a swinging block and a crank throw, the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the driving shaft, the shaft sleeve, the swinging block and the crank throw are sequentially hinged, and a rotating shaft of a hinge joint is parallel to the driving shaft; the free end of the crank throw is hinged with the first end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism, and a rotating shaft of a hinged point is perpendicular to the driving shaft;

the side part of the crank throw is provided with an eccentric groove, and the shape of the eccentric groove is matched with the shape of the cross section of the shaft sleeve, so that the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is driven by the driving shaft to rotate and contract to a state that the shaft sleeve is clamped into the eccentric groove or rotate and expand to a state that the shaft sleeve is separated from the eccentric groove.

Optionally, a prism section is arranged on the driving shaft; the shaft sleeve is a prismatic sleeve, and is sleeved on the prismatic section; the eccentric groove is a prismatic groove.

Optionally, the following link mechanism includes a link member and a connecting ring, a first end of the link member is hinged to a second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism, a rotating shaft of a hinge point is perpendicular to the driving shaft, a hanging ring is disposed at the second end of the link member, and the connecting ring is hung on the hanging ring and used for being hinged to the door panel.

Optionally, the connecting rod member includes a connecting rod and an adjusting rod, a first end of the connecting rod is hinged to a second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism, a second end of the connecting rod is in threaded connection with a first end of the adjusting rod, and the hanging ring is disposed at the second end of the adjusting rod.

Optionally, the opening and closing mechanism of the side by side door further comprises a driven shaft, a driven link mechanism and a transmission mechanism, wherein: the driven shaft and the driving shaft are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the transmission mechanism is respectively connected with the driven shaft and the driving shaft so as to enable the driven shaft to synchronously rotate along with the driving shaft; the structure of driven link mechanism with initiative link mechanism's structure is the same, driven link mechanism includes equally eccentric auto-lock link mechanism with follow-up link mechanism, eccentric auto-lock link mechanism's first end with driven shaft fixed connection, eccentric auto-lock link mechanism's second end with follow-up link mechanism's first end is articulated, follow-up link mechanism's second end be used for with the second end of two door plant of running from opposite directions door articulated respectively, with the driving shaft with when the driven shaft rotates, eccentric auto-lock link mechanism is along its axial displacement, and pass through follow-up link mechanism drives the running from opposite directions door is opened or is closed.

Optionally, the driven link mechanism and the driving link mechanism are symmetrically arranged by taking a central axis parallel to the axial direction of the driving shaft/driven shaft of the split door as a symmetry axis.

Optionally, the transmission mechanism is a chain transmission mechanism, the chain transmission mechanism includes a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket and a transmission chain, the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are respectively and fixedly mounted on the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and the transmission chain is sleeved on the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket in a 180-degree twisted posture to transmit torque.

Optionally, the driven link mechanism and the driving link mechanism have the same structure and installation direction.

Optionally, the transmission mechanism is a chain transmission mechanism, the chain transmission mechanism includes a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket and a transmission chain, the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are respectively and fixedly mounted on the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and the transmission chain is sleeved on the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket to transmit torque.

Based on the same inventive concept, the invention correspondingly provides a bottom door opening and closing assembly, which comprises a split bottom door and the split door opening and closing mechanism, wherein the split bottom door comprises a first bottom door and a second bottom door which are symmetrically arranged along a first direction, the outer side edge of the first bottom door and the outer side edge of the second bottom door are hinged edges, and the inner side edge of the first bottom door and the inner side edge of the second bottom door are oppositely arranged; the driving shaft of the opening and closing mechanism is perpendicular to the second direction of the first direction and is arranged at the end part of the opening bottom door, two servo link mechanisms are arranged in the opening and closing mechanism, and the two servo link mechanisms are respectively hinged with the inner side edges of the first bottom door and the second bottom door.

Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also correspondingly provides a railway hopper wagon, which comprises the bottom door opening and closing assembly.

According to the technical scheme, the opening and closing mechanism of the split door comprises a driving shaft and a driving connecting rod mechanism, wherein the driving connecting rod mechanism comprises an eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and a follow-up connecting rod mechanism which are hinged with each other, the first end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is hinged with the first end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism, and the second end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism is used for being hinged with the first ends of two door panels of the split door respectively, so that when the driving shaft rotates, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism moves along the axial direction of the driving shaft, and the follow-up connecting rod mechanism drives the split door to open or close. When the driving shaft rotates, the driving connecting rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism of the driving connecting rod mechanism rotates in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the driving shaft (the axis of the driving connecting rod mechanism is located in the plane) by taking the driving shaft as a rotating shaft under the driving of the driving shaft, so that the spatial position of a hinged end (a second end) of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is changed, and because the two ends of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism are respectively hinged with the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and the door panel, when the spatial position of the hinged end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is changed, the follow-up connecting rod mechanism moves along with the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism, so that the door panel of the split door is driven to be opened or closed. When the side-by-side opening door is in a closed state, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism realizes self-locking by means of the self-locking eccentricity of the mechanism, and accidental opening of the side-by-side opening door is avoided.

Compared with the prior art, the opening and closing mechanism for the split door provided by the invention has a simple structure, can simultaneously drive the two door plates of the split door to be opened or closed simultaneously by rotating the driving shaft, and is flexible in opening and closing operation. When the split door opening and closing mechanism is applied to the opening and closing of the bottom door of the railway vehicle, the split door opening and closing mechanism is arranged at the end part of the bottom door, and the driving shaft is vertical to the length direction of the bottom door and is arranged at the end part of the bottom door, so that the technical problem that the longitudinal funnel ridge needs to penetrate through a vehicle body unloading area due to the fact that the longitudinal transmission shaft needs to penetrate through the vehicle body unloading area in the prior art and the loading space of the funnel is occupied by the longitudinal funnel ridge is fundamentally solved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a first view showing a connection structure between an opening/closing mechanism and a side-by-side door in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the master/slave linkage of FIG. 1 in a retracted state;

FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a front view of the master/slave linkage of FIG. 1 in a deployed state;

FIG. 5 is a side view of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a further construction of the master/slave linkage in a retracted state;

FIG. 7 is a second view showing the connection structure between the opening and closing mechanism of the split door and the split door in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a closed state of a bottom door formed by opening and closing the bottom door in embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a side view of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the opened state of the bottom door formed by opening and closing the bottom door in embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a side view of FIG. 10;

fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a railway hopper car in embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals: 100-a split door opening and closing mechanism; 10-driving shaft; 20-an active linkage mechanism; 30-a driven shaft; 40-a driven linkage; 50-a transmission mechanism, 51-a driving chain wheel, 52-a driven chain wheel and 53-a transmission chain; 1-shaft sleeve; 2-swinging the block; 3-crank, 3 a-eccentric groove; 4-a connecting rod; 5-adjusting the rod; 6-connecting ring; 7-a cross beam; 8-eccentric self-locking link mechanism; 9-a follow-up link mechanism; 200-a split door, 210-a first bottom door, 220-a second bottom door; 300-a funnel; 400-a chassis; 500-a bogie; 600-a braking device; 700-coupler draft gear; 800-opening and closing drive means.

Detailed Description

In order to make the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application pertains, the following detailed description of the present application is made with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of specific embodiments.

In order to solve the technical problems of complex structure, large dead weight, low transmission efficiency, large door opening force and easy occurrence of clamping stagnation of the opening and closing mechanism of the split door in the prior art, the invention provides the opening and closing mechanism of the split door, and the basic inventive concept is as follows:

the utility model provides a run from opposite directions door closing mechanism, including driving shaft and initiative link mechanism, initiative link mechanism includes eccentric auto-lock link mechanism and follow-up link mechanism, eccentric auto-lock link mechanism's first end and driving shaft fixed connection, eccentric auto-lock link mechanism's second end is articulated with follow-up link mechanism's first end, follow-up link mechanism's second end is used for articulating respectively with the first end of two door plants of running from opposite directions door to when the driving shaft rotates, eccentric auto-lock link mechanism moves along its axial, and open or close through the drive of follow-up link mechanism to run from opposite directions the door.

The working principle of the opening and closing mechanism of the side-by-side combination door is as follows: when the driving shaft rotates, the driving connecting rod mechanism is perpendicular to the driving shaft and is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism of the driving connecting rod mechanism can rotate in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the driving shaft by taking the driving shaft as a rotating shaft under the driving of the driving shaft, so that the spatial position of a hinged end (a second end) of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is changed, and because the two ends of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism are respectively hinged with the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and the door plate, when the spatial position of the hinged end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is changed, the follow-up connecting rod mechanism can move along with the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism, so that the door plate of the split door is driven to be opened or closed. When the side-by-side opening door is in a closed state, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism realizes self-locking by means of the self-locking eccentricity of the mechanism, and accidental opening of the side-by-side opening door is avoided.

The opening and closing mechanism for the side-by-side door is simple in structure, can simultaneously drive the two door plates of the side-by-side door to be opened or closed simultaneously by rotating the driving shaft, and is flexible in opening and closing operation. Thereby solving the technical problem existing in the prior art.

In order to fully understand the technical scheme of the invention, the technical scheme of the invention is described in detail by combining a plurality of specific embodiments as follows:

example 1:

the invention provides a split door opening and closing mechanism 100, the structure of which is shown in fig. 1 and 7, and the mechanism comprises a driving shaft 10 and a driving link mechanism 20, wherein the driving link mechanism 20 is perpendicular to the driving shaft 10, the driving link mechanism 20 comprises an eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 and a following link mechanism 9, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 can realize self-locking by means of self-locking eccentricity of the mechanism, a first end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is fixedly connected with the driving shaft 10, a second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is hinged with a first end of the following link mechanism 9, and a second end of the following link mechanism 9 is used for being hinged with a first end of a door panel of a split door 200. Since the two door panels of the split-door 200 are driven to open and close simultaneously, the driving linkage 20 and the first end of the split-door 200 are required to have two hinge points, and according to specific use conditions, the driving linkage 20 can be selectively configured to be composed of the eccentric self-locking linkage 8 and the two follower linkages 9, or the driving linkage 20 is composed of the two eccentric self-locking linkages 8 and the two follower linkages 9.

Referring to fig. 2 to 5, in the present embodiment, the driving linkage 20 includes an eccentric self-locking linkage 8 and two follower linkages 9, a first end of the eccentric self-locking linkage 8 is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 10, a second end of the eccentric self-locking linkage 8 is hinged to first ends of the two follower linkages 9, and second ends of the two follower linkages 9 are hinged to first ends of two door panels of the side-by-side door 200. The eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 drives the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms 9 to move together.

Referring to fig. 2 to 5, in the present embodiment, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 includes a shaft sleeve 1, a swing block 2, a crank 3 and a cross beam 7, the shaft sleeve 1 is sleeved on the driving shaft 10, the shaft sleeve 1, the swing block 2 and the crank 3 are sequentially hinged, a rotating shaft of a hinge point is parallel to the driving shaft 10, and the hinged shaft sleeve 1, the swing block 2 and the crank 3 can rotate around the driving shaft 10 like a hinge. When the driving shaft 10 rotates towards the coiling direction, the hinged shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3 are wrapped on the driving shaft 10; when the driving shaft 10 rotates towards the extension direction, the hinged shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3 are separated from the driving shaft 10. Because the shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3 are all rigid structures, the free end (second end) of the crank throw 3 can be driven to move in a plane vertical to the axial direction of the driving shaft 10 through the rotation of the driving shaft 10.

The self-locking of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is realized by the structure of the shaft sleeve 1 and the crank throw 3, specifically, referring to fig. 3 and fig. 5, in this embodiment, the side portion of the crank throw 3 is provided with an eccentric groove 3a, and when the driving link mechanism 20 is in a contraction state, that is, the hinged shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3 are in a winding state, an eccentric angle exists between a connecting line of the center of the eccentric groove 3a and the center of the hinged point of the swinging block 2-the crank throw 3 and the axis of the driving link mechanism 20, so that the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 can realize self-locking by means of the self-locking eccentric distance of the mechanism. The shape of the eccentric groove 3a is matched with the cross section shape of the shaft sleeve 1, so that the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 rotates and contracts to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is clamped in the eccentric groove 3a or rotates and expands to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is separated from the eccentric groove 3a under the driving of the driving shaft 10.

The eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms 8 and the follow-up connecting rod mechanisms 9 are hinged through the cross beams 7, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the cross beams 7 are fixedly installed at the free ends of the crank throws 3, two ends of the cross beams 7 extend out of the crank throws 3, first ends of the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms 9 are hinged with two ends of the cross beams 7 respectively, rotating shafts of hinged points are perpendicular to the driving shaft 10, and when the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms 8 are wound or unfolded, the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms 9 can be driven to rotate relatively or oppositely in a plane defined by the axis of the driving shaft 10 and the axis of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms 8, so that the side-by-side door 200 can be opened or closed.

In other embodiments, the driving linkage 20 may further include two eccentric self-locking linkages 8 and two follower linkages 9, a first end of each of the two eccentric self-locking linkages 8 is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 10, a second end of each of the two eccentric self-locking linkages 8 is hinged to a first end of each of the two follower linkages 9, and a second end of each of the two follower linkages 9 is hinged to a first end of each of the two door panels of the side-by-side combination door 200.

In this embodiment, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 may adopt a structure similar to that of the present embodiment, specifically, as shown in fig. 6, when the driving link mechanism 20 includes two eccentric self-locking link mechanisms 8 and two follower link mechanisms 9, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 only includes a shaft sleeve 1, a swing block 2 and a crank 3, the shaft sleeve 1 is sleeved on the driving shaft 10, the shaft sleeve 1, the swing block 2 and the crank 3 are sequentially hinged, and a rotating shaft of a hinge point is parallel to the driving shaft 10; the free end of the bell crank 3 is used for hinging with the first end of the follower linkage 9, and the rotating shaft of the hinging point is vertical to the driving shaft 10. The structure of the crank throw 3 can be the same as that of the embodiment, namely, the side part of the crank throw 3 is provided with an eccentric groove 3a, and the shape of the eccentric groove 3a is matched with the cross-sectional shape of the shaft sleeve 1, so that the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 can be rotationally contracted under the driving of the driving shaft 10 to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is clamped into the eccentric groove 3a or rotationally expanded to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is separated from the eccentric groove 3 a.

In the present invention, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is opened and self-locked by passing through the dead point, so the shaft sleeve 1 is preferably configured as a prismatic sleeve, and the corresponding eccentric groove 3a is preferably a prismatic groove. For example, the prism structures are all quadrangular prisms and chamfered edges, and of course, triangular prisms, pentagonal prisms or other prism structures are also applicable. Correspondingly, a prism section is arranged on the driving shaft 10, the shaft sleeve 1 is sleeved on the prism section, and rotation stopping and torque transmission are realized through the prism structure.

Referring to fig. 2 to 5, in the present embodiment, the follower link mechanism 9 includes a link member and a connection ring 6, a first end of the link member is hinged to a second end (an end of the cross beam 7 or a free end of the crank 3) of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8, a rotation shaft of the hinge point is perpendicular to the driving shaft 10, a hanging ring is disposed at the second end of the link member, and the connection ring 6 is hung on the hanging ring for being hinged to the door panel.

Considering the manufacturing error of the split-door 200 and the assembly tolerance of the opening and closing mechanism, the opening degrees of the two door panels of the split-door 200 may not be synchronized or the sealing gap at the time of closing may not be satisfied. In order to solve the technical problem, as a preferred embodiment, the link member includes a link 4 and an adjusting rod 5, a first end of the link 4 is hinged to a second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8, a second end of the link 4 is in threaded connection with a first end of the adjusting rod 5, a matching structure of a link external thread and an adjusting rod 5 internal thread is preferred, and the hanging ring is disposed at the second end of the adjusting rod 5. When the opening degrees of the two door plates of the split door 200 are asynchronous or the sealing gap during closing does not reach the standard, the overall length of the connecting rod member can be changed by adjusting the relative position of the connecting rod and the adjusting rod 5, so that the dislocation amount caused by manufacturing errors and assembly tolerances is compensated.

The side-by-side door 200 having a length of 1.5m or less can be opened by one-side driving, and if the length of the side-by-side door 200 exceeds 1.5m, it is necessary to provide an opening/closing mechanism at both ends of the side-by-side door 200. That is, for the side-by-side door 200 with a length exceeding 1.5m, the corresponding side-by-side door opening and closing mechanism 100 further includes a driven shaft 30, a driven link mechanism 40 and a transmission mechanism 50, the driven shaft 30 is spaced from and parallel to the driving shaft 10, the structure of the driven link mechanism 40 is the same as that of the driving link mechanism 20, that is, the driving link mechanism also includes an eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 and a follower link mechanism 9, a first end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is fixedly connected with the driven shaft 30, a second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is hinged with a first end of the follower link mechanism 9, and a second end of the follower link mechanism 9 is used for being hinged with a second end of a door panel of the side-by-side door 200. The specific structure of the driven linkage 40 can refer to the driving linkage 20, and the detailed description is omitted here.

The transmission mechanism 50 is connected to the driven shaft 30 and the driving shaft 10, respectively, so that the driven shaft 30 rotates synchronously with the driving shaft 10. The driven link mechanism 40 is perpendicular to the driven shaft 30, and the transmission mechanism 50 may adopt any existing mechanism for transmitting torque and realizing synchronous motion, such as a chain transmission mechanism 50, a synchronous belt, and the like, and the specific type is not limited by the present invention. In this embodiment, the transmission mechanism 50 is a chain transmission mechanism 50, the chain transmission mechanism 50 includes a driving sprocket 51, a driven sprocket 52 and a transmission chain 53, the driving sprocket 51 and the driven sprocket 52 are respectively and fixedly installed on the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30, and the transmission chain 53 is sleeved on the driving sprocket 51 and the driven sprocket 52 to transmit torque.

In the specific structural arrangement of the pair of door opening and closing mechanisms 100, there are two options: symmetrical or equidirectional. Symmetrical arrangement structure referring to fig. 1, the driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20 are symmetrically disposed with a central axis of the split door 200 parallel to the axial direction of the driving shaft 10/the driven shaft 30 (i.e., a central axis of the split door 200 in the width direction) as a symmetry axis. At this time, the driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20 are mirror-symmetric with respect to the symmetry axis, the self-locking direction of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is opposite, and in order to realize the synchronous motion of the driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20, the transmission chain 53 needs to be twisted 180 degrees and then sleeved on a sprocket, and the synchronous and reverse rotation of the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30 can be ensured by twisting the transmission chain 53.

The same direction arrangement referring to fig. 7, the driven linkage 40 and the driving linkage 20 are identical in structure and installation direction. At this time, the driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20 have the same self-locking direction no matter the structure or the installation, the self-locking direction of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is the same, and the transmission chain 53 does not need to be twisted at this time, and can be directly sleeved on the driving chain wheel 51 and the driven chain wheel 52, so that the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30 synchronously rotate in the same direction to transmit torque.

Compared with a same-direction arrangement structure, when a symmetrical arrangement structure is adopted, the number and the types of all related accessories on the driving side and the driven side are completely the same, and the process of production organization is relatively simple. And structurally, the symmetrical arrangement structure is adopted so that the stress conditions on both sides of the split-door 200 are completely the same. Therefore, when applied to the split-door 200 having a length exceeding 1.5m, the opening and closing mechanism should preferably have a symmetrical arrangement structure.

Referring to fig. 8 to 11, the operation principle of the split door opening and closing mechanism 100 according to the present embodiment is as follows:

when the driving shaft 10 rotates, the driving link mechanism 20 is perpendicular to the driving shaft 10 and is fixedly connected with the driving shaft 10, and the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 of the driving link mechanism 20 rotates in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the driving shaft 10 by taking the driving shaft 10 as a rotating shaft under the driving of the driving shaft 10. When the driving shaft 10 rotates towards the coiling direction, all components (a shaft sleeve 1, a swinging block 2 and a crank throw 3) of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 are wrapped on the driving shaft 10; when the driving shaft 10 rotates to the extension direction, all components (the shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3) of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 are separated from the driving shaft 10. Because the shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3 are all rigid structures, the free end (the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8) of the crank throw 3 can be driven to move in a plane vertical to the axial direction of the driving shaft 10 by the rotation of the driving shaft 10, and therefore the spatial position of the free end of the crank throw 3 is changed.

Because the two ends of the following link mechanism 9 are respectively hinged with the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 and the door panel, when the spatial position of the hinged end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 changes, the following link mechanism 9 moves along with the change of the spatial position of the hinged end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism, so that the door panel of the side-by-side door 200 is driven to open or close.

The eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 can realize self-locking by means of self-locking eccentricity of the mechanism, when the driving shaft 10 rotates, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 can rotate and contract under the driving of the driving shaft 10 to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is clamped into the eccentric groove 3a, so that self-locking is realized, the state corresponds to a closing state of the side-by-side opening door 200, and accidental opening of the side-by-side opening door 200 is avoided. The eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 can also be driven by the driving shaft 10 to rotate and unfold to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is separated from the eccentric groove 3a, and the state corresponds to the opening state of the split door 200.

For the sliding door 200 driven by the driving side and the driven side, when the driving shaft 10 rotates, the torque will be synchronously transmitted to the driven shaft 30 through the transmission mechanism 50, and then on the driven side, the driven shaft 30 acts as the driving shaft 10 to drive the driven link mechanism 40 to synchronously act, so as to jointly open or close the sliding door 200.

Example 2:

based on the same inventive concept, the present embodiment provides a bottom door opening and closing assembly including the split bottom door and the split door opening and closing mechanism 100 of embodiment 1 described above. The split door opening/closing mechanism 100 may be configured to be driven on the driving side in the above-described embodiment 1, or may be configured to be driven on both ends of the driving side and the driven side. When the driving side and the driven side are adopted for driving, a same-direction arrangement structure or a symmetrical arrangement structure can be selected. The driving link mechanism 20/driven link mechanism 40 of the split door opening and closing mechanism 100 may adopt the structural form of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 and the two following link mechanisms 9, and may also adopt the structural form of the two eccentric self-locking link mechanisms 8 and the two following link mechanisms 9, and the specific application form of the present invention is not limited.

As shown in fig. 8 to 11, the split-type bottom door (i.e., the split-type door 200) includes a first bottom door 210 and a second bottom door 220 symmetrically disposed along a first direction, which is a longitudinal direction (a longitudinal direction is a vehicle length direction and a transverse direction is a vehicle width direction in general in the art), and is a length direction of the bottom doors. The outer side of the first bottom door 210 and the outer side of the second bottom door 220 are hinged sides, and a plurality of hinged seats are arranged on the hinged sides at intervals and used for installing the bottom door on a railway vehicle. The inboard side of first end door 210 sets up with the inboard side of second end door 220 is relative, and when the split end door was in the closed condition, the inboard side of first end door 210 should closely laminate with the inboard side of second end door 220, avoids producing the gap for the goods drops.

Since the bottom door of the railway wagon is generally long and exceeds 1.5m, the two-door opening and closing mechanism 100 in this embodiment adopts a structure driven by two ends of the driving side and the driven side, and preferably adopts a symmetrical arrangement structure, and the driving link mechanism 20/the driven link mechanism 40 adopts the structural form of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 and the two following link mechanisms 9.

Referring to fig. 8 to 11, the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30 of the split door opening and closing mechanism 100 are both disposed along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and located at two ends of the split bottom door, that is, the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30 are both disposed along a transverse direction, and the transmission mechanism is disposed along a longitudinal direction and distributed at a side of the split door 200. In the split door opening/closing mechanism 100, the driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20 are symmetrically disposed with a transverse central axis of the split bottom door (i.e., a central axis in the width direction of the split door 200) as a symmetry axis. The driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20 have the same structure, and both include an eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 and two follower link mechanisms 9, and the two follower link mechanisms 9 are respectively hinged with the inner side edges of the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220. Two ends of the bottom door are symmetrically provided with a set of link mechanism respectively, and the link mechanisms are connected on the side surface of the vehicle body through chains, so that the two ends of the bottom door are stressed uniformly, and the generation of holding force, distortion and the like is avoided.

When the bottom door is closed, the locking is realized through the eccentric self-locking of the driving connecting rod mechanism 20 and the driven connecting rod mechanism 40. When the bottom door is opened, the driving shaft 10 rotates, transmission transition is carried out through a chain, and then the bottom door is opened by the action of the driving connecting rod mechanism 20 and the driven connecting rod mechanism 40 to cross a dead point.

Example 3:

based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment provides a railway hopper car, which can be any existing railway hopper car such as a ballast hopper car, a coal hopper car and the like. Unlike the prior art, the railway hopper car adopts the bottom door opening and closing composition of the embodiment 2.

Specifically, referring to fig. 12, the railway hopper car includes a hopper 300, a bottom chassis 400, a bogie 500, a brake device 600, a coupler buffer device 700, a bottom door opening and closing device, and an opening and closing driving device 800, wherein the hopper is installed above the bottom chassis 400, and the bogie 500, the brake device 600, and the coupler buffer device 700 are all installed below the bottom chassis 400.

In this railroad hopper car, the bottom door opening/closing device may be configured to be driven on the driving side in the above-described embodiment 1, or may be configured to be driven on both ends of the driving side and the driven side. When the driving side and the driven side are adopted for driving, a same-direction arrangement structure or a symmetrical arrangement structure can be selected. The driving link mechanism 20/driven link mechanism 40 of the bottom door opening and closing device may adopt the structural form of an eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 and two following link mechanisms 9, or adopt the structural form of two eccentric self-locking link mechanisms 8 and two following link mechanisms 9, and the specific application form of the invention is not limited.

Because the bottom door of the railway hopper car is generally longer and exceeds 1.5m, the bottom door opening and closing device in the embodiment adopts a structure driven by two ends of a driving side and a driven side, and preferably adopts a symmetrical arrangement structure, and the driving linkage 20/the driven linkage 40 adopt the structural forms of an eccentric self-locking linkage 8 and two following linkages 9. The opening and closing driving device 800 preferably selects a hand wheel, the hand wheel is exposed out of the railway hopper car, an operator stands on the ground to operate, the hand wheel is rotated to drive the transmission shaft to rotate, a chain is adopted for transmission connection, and then the bottom door is opened through the movement of the connecting rod mechanism, so that the unloading to the inner side of the track is realized.

Because the bottom door opening and closing assembly of embodiment 2 has the driving shafts (the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30) arranged along the transverse direction of the vehicle body, the chain transmission mechanisms 50 are arranged only on the side edges of the bottom doors, and one driving shaft simultaneously drives the two bottom doors to open or close, the railway hopper car of the embodiment eliminates the longitudinal transmission shaft for transmitting torque in the prior art based on the structure.

Longitudinal drive shaft link up the automobile body unloading region among the prior art, consequently need have vertical funnel spine in the automobile body, and the existence of vertical funnel spine on the one hand crowds the cargo space who occupies the funnel, and the existence of vertical funnel spine of on the other hand makes the bottom door can only open to both sides, outside, is provided with two discharge openings promptly transversely, and the aperture of single discharge opening is not big. For example, the longitudinal inward-discharging type and longitudinal outward-discharging type bottom door structures of KZ70 series stone ballast hopper cars in China are divided into four discharging openings by longitudinal hopper ridges and ballast dividing beams of a car body, and the opening degree of the bottom door is 190 mm. A KM70 series coal hopper car longitudinal outward-discharging type bottom door structure is divided into two discharging openings by a car body longitudinal hopper ridge, and the opening degree of the bottom door is 450 mm. Therefore, the hopper car with the longitudinally arranged bottom door structure in the prior art is only suitable for loading and transporting large-particle goods with good liquidity. For powdery goods with high viscosity, the goods are not easy to flow out, so that the goods are not suitable for use.

The railway hopper car of the embodiment is not provided with the longitudinal transmission shaft, so that the longitudinal hopper ridge is not required to be arranged in the hopper correspondingly, the bottom of the hopper is only provided with a longitudinal bottom door with large opening degree, and the opening degree of the bottom door of the identical series of KM70 series coal hopper cars can reach more than 800mm, so that the railway hopper car is not only suitable for loading and transporting large-particle goods with good fluidity. For powdery cargos with high viscosity, the cargos are not easy to flow out, and the railway hopper car is also suitable for the railway hopper car. In addition, the longitudinal funnel ridge is not required to be arranged in the funnel, so that the actual cargo space of the funnel is increased by about 9m compared with the prior art KM70 series coal hopper cars in the same series³Specific volume of coal 1.07m³Calculated by/t (cubic meter per ton), the railway hopper car can increase the loading capacity by more than 8 tons.

While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.