Radiation-proof functional gradient concrete slab and preparation method thereof

文档序号：101691 发布日期：2021-10-15 浏览：29次中文

阅读说明：本技术 一种防辐射功能梯度混凝土板及其制备方法 (Radiation-proof functional gradient concrete slab and preparation method thereof ) 是由贺行洋于肖雷杨进苏英王迎斌张强王铁白行唐袁珍王福龙周创翟于 2021-07-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及建筑材料的技术领域,具体涉及一种防辐射功能梯度混凝土板及其制备方法,包括自近辐射面依次连接的减速功能层和吸收功能层,其中,减速功能层的原料包括防中子辐射固废湿磨浆料,份水泥,份富水集料,碎石,硼砂,水,减水剂；吸收功能层原料包括混合协同湿磨重质浆料,水泥,重晶石砂和/或铁砂,重晶石,水,减水剂,所述混合协同湿磨重质浆料包括质量比为3:1-3的铅锌尾矿和/或铜渣、重晶石粉。本发明的防辐射功能梯度混凝土板,具有防快中子辐射、屏蔽γ射线、防辐射耐久性好、抗离析防中子辐射的功能。本发明制备方法,制备工艺简便,原料采用固废材料、成本低。(The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a radiation-proof functional gradient concrete slab and a preparation method thereof, wherein the radiation-proof functional gradient concrete slab comprises a deceleration functional layer and an absorption functional layer which are sequentially connected from a near radiation surface, wherein the raw materials of the deceleration functional layer comprise neutron radiation-proof solid waste wet grinding slurry, cement, water-rich aggregate, broken stone, borax, water and a water reducing agent; raw materials of the absorption function layer comprise mixed and wet-milled heavy slurry, cement, barite sand and/or iron sand, barite, water and a water reducing agent, wherein the mixed and wet-milled heavy slurry comprises lead-zinc tailings and/or copper slag and barite powder in a mass ratio of 3: 1-3. The radiation-proof functional gradient concrete slab has the functions of preventing fast neutron radiation, shielding gamma rays, being good in radiation-proof durability, being resistant to segregation and preventing neutron radiation. The preparation method has simple and convenient preparation process, adopts solid waste materials as raw materials and has low cost.)

1. The utility model provides a radiation protection function gradient concrete slab which characterized in that: comprises a deceleration functional layer and an absorption functional layer which are connected in sequence from a near radiation surface,

wherein the raw materials of the deceleration functional layer comprise, by weight, 100-300 parts of neutron radiation-proof solid waste wet grinding slurry, 40-240 parts of cement, 0.7-2 parts of water-rich aggregate, 1200-1350 parts of crushed stone, 1500-1900 parts of borax, 140-150 parts of water and 5-8 parts of a water reducing agent;

the absorption function layer raw materials comprise, by weight, 300 parts of mixing synergistic wet grinding heavy slurry, 40-240 parts of cement, 1200 parts of 1350 parts of barite sand and/or iron sand, 1200 parts of 1350 parts of barite, 140 parts of water and 5-8 parts of a water reducing agent, wherein the mixing synergistic wet grinding heavy slurry comprises lead-zinc tailings and/or copper slag and barite powder in a mass ratio of 3: 1-3.

2. The radiation protective functionally graded concrete panel of claim 1 wherein: the preparation steps of the neutron radiation prevention solid waste wet grinding slurry in the deceleration functional layer are as follows:

a1, crushing paigeite and waste boron glass to the particle size of 30-50 μm;

a2, performing synergistic wet grinding on at least one of boric sludge, paigeite and waste boron glass, wherein the water-material ratio is 0.5-0.7, the ball-material ratio is 1.5-2, and the wet grinding is performed until the median particle size of the slurry is 2-10 μm.

3. The radiation protective functionally graded concrete panel of claim 1 wherein: the cement in the deceleration functional layer is silicate PI 52.5 cement; the particle size of the crushed stone is 5-20 mm; the particle size of borax is 2-5 mm; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.

4. The radiation protective functionally graded concrete panel of claim 1 wherein: the shell material of the water-rich aggregate in the speed-reducing functional layer is at least one of polystyrene, phenolic resin or paraffin, free water is wrapped inside the shell material, and the particle size of the water-rich aggregate is 300-700 mu m.

5. The radiation protective functionally graded concrete panel of claim 1 wherein: the preparation steps of the cooperative wet grinding heavy slurry of the absorption functional layer are as follows:

b1, crushing the raw materials of the wet-milled heavy slurry mixed and cooperated with the wet milling respectively to a median particle size of 30-50 μm;

b2, performing synergistic wet grinding on the crushed raw materials, wherein the water-material ratio is 0.5-0.7, the ball-material ratio is 1.5-2, and performing wet grinding until the median particle size of the slurry is 2-10 mu m to obtain the synergistic wet grinding heavy slurry.

6. The radiation protective functionally graded concrete panel of claim 1 wherein: the cement in the absorption functional layer is silicate PI 52.5 cement; the grain sizes of the barite sand and the iron sand are 2-5 mm; the grain diameter of barite is 5-20 mm; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.

7. The radiation protective functionally graded concrete panel of claim 1 wherein: the thickness of the speed-reducing functional layer is 5-10cm, and the thickness of the absorption functional layer is 10-20 cm.

8. The radiation protective functionally graded concrete panel of claim 1 wherein: the surface of the deceleration functional layer or the absorption functional layer is provided with embossing, the absorption functional layer or the deceleration function is provided with protruding embossing corresponding to the embossing, the embossing is correspondingly meshed with the protruding embossing when the deceleration functional layer is contacted with the absorption functional layer, the embossing interval is 18-22cm, and the embossing depth is 2-4 mm.

9. The method for preparing the radiation protection functionally graded concrete plate according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein when the horizontally oriented concrete plate is manufactured, the method comprises the following steps:

c1, uniformly stirring the raw materials of the speed-reducing functional layer according to the proportion, pouring and jolting, not carrying out troweling treatment after jolting, and carrying out impression treatment on the surface of the concrete when final setting is close to;

c2, after the deceleration functional layer is finally solidified, uniformly stirring the raw materials of the absorption functional layer according to the proportion, pouring the mixture on the surface of the deceleration functional layer, and finally solidifying to obtain the radiation-proof functional gradient concrete slab.

10. The method for manufacturing a radiation protection functional gradient concrete panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein when the concrete panel is manufactured in the vertical direction, the contact surface of the deceleration functional layer and the absorption functional layer is cast by a steel template with gravure, and the specific manufacturing method comprises the following steps:

d1, in the process of supporting the template, the contact surface of the deceleration functional layer and the absorption functional layer is a special steel template with gravure, and the surface with the gravure faces the absorption functional layer; uniformly stirring raw materials of the concrete of the speed-reducing functional layer according to a proportion, and pouring and jolting;

d2, after the deceleration functional layer concrete is demoulded, uniformly stirring the raw materials of the absorption functional layer concrete according to the proportion, pouring and jolting, and finally setting to obtain the radiation-proof functional gradient concrete slab.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a radiation-proof functional gradient concrete slab and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the rapid development of economy and the advancement of the technological level in China, nuclear technology is gradually applied to various fields related to civil life, and radiation gradually draws attention of people as buildings of a large number of nuclear power stations, nuclear power industries, hospitals and the like are put into construction. Neutron rays are high-energy rays, and compared with X rays and gamma rays, the neutron rays have high energy and stronger penetrating property. Research reports that neutron rays can penetrate through a human body and deteriorate molecules and atoms in the human body or become charged particles, so that organs are seriously damaged and even chromosomes are distorted. The concrete material is the most widely used building material at present, and the concrete with the function of preventing neutron radiation can be used as building shell protection.

In the anti-neutron radiation concrete, H element deceleration fast neutrons are generally introduced through crystal water, boron and lithium elements are added to capture and absorb slow neutrons, barite, magnetite ore, limonite and the like are introduced to increase the density of the concrete so as to achieve the effect of shielding gamma rays, but the radiation protection effect can be weakened along with time because the rays pass through water loss caused by hydrate, and in addition, the problems of segregation, poor uniformity and the like can occur to the concrete due to the large density difference between a cementing material and heavy aggregate, so that the application of the anti-neutron radiation concrete is influenced. CN106495577B discloses a method for preparing radiation-proof concrete by wet grinding process of waste concrete and barite, and the radiation-proof concrete is prepared by wet grinding mineral admixture containing barium slag and barite powder in cooperation, and has excellent radiation-proof performance. However, due to the loss of light elements, the radiation of fast neutrons is to be improved, the radiation of concrete in the service process can accelerate the loss of crystal water, and the radiation-proof durability is poor.

In the prior art, no better method is available for introducing free water into concrete for a long time; and when shielding fast neutrons, the effect brought by adding light elements is far better than the encryption degree, and the density has a decisive role in preventing gamma rays. Therefore, the fast neutron deceleration absorption and absorption can be divided into two steps, and the functional gradient concrete can just meet the function, which is not related in the field of radiation protection in the past.

Therefore, the research of the radiation-proof functional gradient concrete which can prevent fast neutron radiation, shield gamma rays, has good radiation-proof durability, is resistant to segregation and has low cost is imperative.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a radiation-proof functional gradient concrete slab which has the functions of fast neutron radiation prevention, gamma ray shielding, good radiation-proof durability, segregation resistance and neutron radiation resistance.

The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the radiation-proof functional gradient concrete slab, which has simple and convenient preparation process, adopts solid waste materials as raw materials and has low cost.

The scheme adopted by the invention for realizing one of the purposes is as follows: a radiation-proof functional gradient concrete slab comprises a deceleration functional layer and an absorption functional layer which are sequentially connected from a near radiation surface,

Preferably, the preparation steps of the neutron radiation prevention solid waste wet grinding slurry in the decelerating functional layer are as follows:

a1, crushing paigeite and waste boron glass to the particle size of 30-50 μm;

Preferably, the cement in the decelerating functional layer is silicate PI 52.5 cement; the particle size of the crushed stone is 5-20 mm; the particle size of borax is 2-5 mm; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.

Preferably, the shell material of the water-rich aggregate in the deceleration functional layer is at least one of polystyrene, phenolic resin or paraffin, the interior of the shell material is wrapped by free water, and the particle size of the water-rich aggregate is 300-700 μm.

Preferably, the preparation steps of the cooperative wet grinding heavy slurry of the absorption functional layer are as follows:

b1, crushing the raw materials of the wet-milled heavy slurry mixed and cooperated with the wet milling respectively to a median particle size of 30-50 μm;

Preferably, the cement in the absorption function layer is silicate PI 52.5 cement; the grain sizes of the barite sand and the iron sand are 2-5 mm; the grain diameter of barite is 5-20 mm; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.

Preferably, the thickness of the deceleration functional layer is 5-10cm, and the thickness of the absorption functional layer is 10-20 cm.

Preferably, the surface of the deceleration functional layer or the absorption functional layer is provided with embossing, the absorption functional layer or the deceleration function is provided with protruding embossing corresponding to the embossing, the embossing is correspondingly engaged with the protruding embossing when the deceleration functional layer and the absorption functional layer are contacted, the embossing interval is 18-22cm, and the embossing depth is 2-4 mm.

The second scheme adopted by the invention for achieving the purpose is as follows: the preparation method of the radiation-proof functional gradient concrete slab comprises the following steps when the concrete slab in the horizontal direction is manufactured:

The scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the third purpose is as follows: the preparation method of the radiation-proof functional gradient concrete slab comprises the following steps of pouring a steel template with a gravure on the contact surface of the deceleration functional layer and the absorption functional layer when the concrete slab in the vertical direction is manufactured:

The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

the radiation-proof functional gradient concrete slab provided by the invention adopts solid waste materials as raw materials, and the concrete slab with the functions of fast neutron radiation prevention, gamma ray shielding, good radiation-proof durability, segregation resistance and neutron radiation prevention is prepared.

The preparation method of the invention has simple process, low cost and convenient engineering application.

Detailed Description

The following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention for better understanding, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

In examples 1 to 6 and comparative example 1, the median particle size of the neutron radiation prevention wet-milling slurry in the decelerating functional layer is 2 to 10 μm, and the method comprises the following specific steps: respectively placing the paigeite and the waste boron glass in a crusher to be crushed until the median particle size is 30-50 mu m; and (2) performing cooperative wet grinding on the mixed material of the boric sludge, the paigeite and the waste boron glass according to the ratio of 1:1:1 by using a wet grinder, wherein the water-material ratio is 0.5, the ball-material ratio is 2, the wet grinding time is 40min, and the median particle size of the slurry after wet grinding is 2-10 mu m.

The cement is silicate PI 52.5 cement; the particle size of the crushed stone is 5-20 mm; the particle size of the borax is 2-5 mm; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent; the particle size of the water-rich aggregate is 300-700 mu m; the grain sizes of the barite sand and the iron sand are 2-5 mm; the grain diameter of barite is 5-20 mm; the gravure interval of the special steel template with gravure is 20cm, and the gravure depth is 3 mm.

The median particle size of the synergetic wet-milling heavy slurry of the absorption functional layer is 2-10 μm, and the method comprises the following specific steps: respectively placing the zinc tailings, the copper slag and the barite powder in a crusher to crush the zinc tailings, the copper slag and the barite powder to a median particle size of 30-50 mu m; the water-material ratio is 0.5, the ball-material ratio is 2, the wet grinding time is 40min, and the median particle size of the slurry after wet grinding is 2-10 mu m. In the examples 1-4, the lead-zinc tailings, the copper slag and the barite powder are wet-milled together according to a mixture ratio of 1:1: 4.

Example 1

(1) Preparing a speed reduction functional layer: weighing 300 parts of wet-grinding neutron radiation-proof solid waste slurry, 40 parts of cement, 2 parts of water-rich aggregate, 1200 parts of broken stone, 1500 parts of borax, 150 parts of water and 5 parts of water reducing agent, sequentially placing the materials in a stirrer, pouring and jolting the materials after uniformly stirring the materials, and not carrying out troweling treatment after jolting the materials;

(2) preparing an absorption functional layer: weighing 300 parts of mixed and wet-milled heavy slurry, 40 parts of cement, 1200 parts of barite sand, 150 parts of iron sand, 1350 parts of barite, 150 parts of water and 5 parts of a water reducing agent, sequentially placing the materials in a stirrer, and uniformly stirring; when the deceleration functional layer is close to final setting, carrying out imprinting treatment on the surface of the concrete, wherein the imprinting interval is 20cm, and the imprinting depth is 3 mm; and pouring the root-resisting concrete above the self-healing anti-cracking waterproof concrete. And finally, curing under natural conditions to obtain the functionally gradient concrete. Wherein, the thickness of the concrete of the deceleration function layer is 5cm, and the thickness of the concrete of the absorption function layer is 15 cm.

Example 2

(1) Preparing a speed reduction functional layer: weighing 200 parts of wet-grinding neutron radiation-proof solid waste slurry, 140 parts of cement, 2 parts of water-rich aggregate, 1200 parts of broken stone, 1500 parts of borax, 150 parts of water and 5 parts of water reducing agent, sequentially placing the materials in a stirrer, pouring and jolting the materials after uniformly stirring the materials, and not carrying out troweling treatment after jolting the materials;

(2) preparing an absorption functional layer: weighing 200 parts of mixed and wet-milled heavy slurry, 140 parts of cement, 1200 parts of barite sand, 150 parts of iron sand, 1350 parts of barite, 150 parts of water and 5 parts of a water reducing agent, sequentially placing the materials in a stirrer, and uniformly stirring; when the deceleration functional layer is close to final setting, carrying out imprinting treatment on the surface of the concrete, wherein the imprinting interval is 20cm, and the imprinting depth is 3 mm; and pouring the root-resisting concrete above the self-healing anti-cracking waterproof concrete. And finally, curing under natural conditions to obtain the functionally gradient concrete. Wherein, the thickness of the concrete of the deceleration function layer is 5cm, and the thickness of the concrete of the absorption function layer is 15 cm.

Example 3

(1) Preparing a speed reduction functional layer: weighing 100 parts of wet-grinding neutron radiation-proof solid waste slurry, 240 parts of cement, 0.7 part of water-rich aggregate, 1200 parts of broken stone, 1500 parts of borax, 150 parts of water and 5 parts of water reducing agent, sequentially placing the materials in a stirrer, uniformly stirring, pouring and jolting, and not carrying out trowelling treatment after jolting;

(2) preparing an absorption functional layer: weighing 100 parts of mixed and wet-milled heavy slurry, 240 parts of cement, 1200 parts of barite sand, 150 parts of iron sand, 1350 parts of barite, 150 parts of water and 5 parts of a water reducing agent, sequentially placing the materials in a stirrer, and uniformly stirring; when the deceleration functional layer is close to final setting, carrying out imprinting treatment on the surface of the concrete, wherein the imprinting interval is 20cm, and the imprinting depth is 3 mm; and pouring the root-resisting concrete above the self-healing anti-cracking waterproof concrete. And finally, curing under natural conditions to obtain the functionally gradient concrete. Wherein, the thickness of the concrete of the deceleration function layer is 5cm, and the thickness of the concrete of the absorption function layer is 15 cm.

Example 4

When the vertical structure is manufactured, a special steel template with gravure is used for the contact surface of the speed reduction functional layer and the absorption functional layer.

(1) Preparing a speed reduction functional layer: weighing 200 parts of wet-grinding neutron radiation-proof solid waste slurry, 140 parts of cement, 2 parts of water-rich aggregate, 1200 parts of broken stone, 1500 parts of borax, 150 parts of water and 5 parts of water reducing agent, sequentially placing the materials in a stirrer, uniformly stirring, pouring, compacting, and detaching a special steel template with gravure after the template removal strength is reached, wherein the bracket absorbs a functional layer template;

Example 5

In this embodiment, the lead-zinc tailings, the copper slag, and the barite powder in the cooperative wet-milling heavy slurry of the absorption functional layer are cooperatively wet-milled according to a mixture of 0:3: 1.

Example 6

In this embodiment, the lead-zinc tailings, the copper slag, and the barite powder in the wet-milled heavy slurry with the absorption functional layer are wet-milled with a mixture of 3:0: 1.

Comparative example 1

In this comparative example, the synergistic wet-milled heavy slurry of the absorbent functional layer was obtained by wet milling only the barite powder.

(2) preparing an absorption functional layer: weighing 300 parts of wet-milled barite powder slurry, 40 parts of cement, 1200 parts of barite sand, 150 parts of iron sand, 1350 parts of barite, 150 parts of water and 5 parts of a water reducing agent, sequentially placing the materials in a stirrer, and uniformly stirring; when the deceleration functional layer is close to final setting, carrying out imprinting treatment on the surface of the concrete, wherein the imprinting interval is 20cm, and the imprinting depth is 3 mm; and pouring the root-resisting concrete above the self-healing anti-cracking waterproof concrete. And finally, curing under natural conditions to obtain the functionally gradient concrete. Wherein, the thickness of the concrete of the deceleration function layer is 5cm, and the thickness of the concrete of the absorption function layer is 15 cm.

Physical property indexes of the radiation-proof concrete of examples 1 to 6 and comparative example 1 are shown in Table 1

TABLE 1

Examples	Coefficient of intensity	Slump (mm)	Extension degree (mm)
				Example 1	C30	200	500
Example 2	C40	210	510
				Example 3	C40	215	510
Example 4	C40	210	510
				Example 5	C40	215	510
Example 6	C40	210	510
				Comparative example 1	C30	210	515

As can be seen from Table 1, the radiation-proof concrete prepared in examples 1 to 6 has good physical properties and good working properties. Comparative example 1 bleeding and segregation occurred during the molding process.

Linear attenuation coefficient (cm) of radiation-proof concrete of examples 1 to 6 and comparative example 1^-1) See Table 2

TABLE 2

As can be seen from Table 2, the radiation-proof concrete prepared in examples 1 to 6 is superior to foreign performance indexes in respect of different gamma rays and neutron rays, and has excellent radiation-proof performance.

As can be seen from the data, the radiation protection performance water-rich aggregate and the radiation protection wet grinding slurry are increased and enhanced, but the physical performance indexes of the radiation protection concrete, such as strength, can be influenced by excessive solid waste slurry.

While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.

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Radiation-proof functional gradient concrete slab and preparation method thereof

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