阅读说明：本技术 轴向活塞机 (Axial piston machine ) 是由 迪迪埃·安杰洛兹 马尔科·德尔阿奎拉 于 2020-04-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种轴向活塞机,所述轴向活塞机包括驱动轴、与所述驱动轴抗扭地连接的驱动机构,所述驱动机构具有一个或多个容纳在其中的驱动机构活塞,其活塞冲程可通过斜盘调节,其中至少一个复位弹簧作用到所述斜盘上,并且至少一个调节活塞经由调节杆支撑在所述斜盘上,其特征在于,设有用于所述调节活塞的第一和/或第二止挡件,以限制所述斜盘的枢转角,其中第一止挡件通过所述连接板内的盲孔的底部形成,和/或第二止挡件优选通过所述壳体的在所述盲孔的区域中的扁平的突出部形成。(The invention relates to an axial piston machine comprising a drive shaft, a drive connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the drive shaft, having one or more drive pistons accommodated therein, the piston stroke of which can be adjusted by means of a swash plate, wherein at least one return spring acts on the swash plate and at least one adjusting piston is supported on the swash plate via an adjusting rod, characterized in that first and/or second stops for the adjusting piston are provided in order to limit the pivoting angle of the swash plate, wherein the first stop is formed by the bottom of a blind hole in the connecting plate and/or the second stop is preferably formed by a flat projection of the housing in the region of the blind hole.)

1. An axial piston machine comprising a drive shaft (1), a cylinder (2) connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the drive shaft, which cylinder has one or more drive pistons (3) accommodated therein, the piston stroke of which can be adjusted by means of a swash plate (6), wherein at least one return spring (7) acts on the swash plate (6) and at least one adjusting piston (22) is supported on the swash plate (6) via an adjusting rod (21),

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

a first and/or a second stop (24, 25a) for the adjusting piston (23) is/are provided for limiting the pivoting angle of the swash plate (6), wherein the first stop (24) is formed by the bottom of a blind hole (11a) in the connecting part (11) and/or the second stop is preferably formed by a flat projection (25, 25a) of the housing (8) in the region of the blind hole (11 a).

2. Machine as in claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of the adjusting piston (22) is oriented approximately parallel to the drive shaft axis M in each functional position of the adjusting piston (22) and at least one adjusting piston (22) is guided in a bore (11a) in the connecting plate (11).

3. Machine as in claim 2, characterized in that the drive shaft axis M, the longitudinal axis of the adjusting piston (22) and the longitudinal axis of the adjusting rod (21) lie on a plane E1, in particular on a half plane E1 x from the drive shaft axis M.

4. Machine as in claim 3, characterized in that the drive shaft axis M, the longitudinal axis of the adjusting piston (22), the longitudinal axis of the adjusting rod (21) and the central axis development of at least one return spring (7) are approximately located on a plane E1, in particular on a half plane E1 from the drive shaft axis.

5. Machine as in claims 3 to 4, characterized in that the drive shaft axis M, the longitudinal axis of the adjusting piston (22), the longitudinal axis of the adjusting rod (21), the central axis of the at least one return spring (7) extend and the central axis of the control or adjusting valve (30) lies approximately in a plane E1, in particular in a half plane E1 from the drive shaft axis.

6. Machine as in claim 5, characterized in that the control or regulating valve (30) is arranged coaxially to the regulating piston (22) and/or in that the control or regulating valve (30) is located in the same housing part as the regulating piston (22).

7. The axial piston machine as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the drive shaft axis M, the longitudinal axis of the regulating piston (22), the longitudinal axis of the regulating rod (21), the central axis of the at least one return spring (7) and the central axis of the control or regulating valve (30) extend approximately in a plane E1, in particular in a half plane E1 from the drive shaft axis, and the plane E1 or the half plane E1 extend approximately centrally with respect to the swash plate support.

8. The axial piston machine as claimed in claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the adjusting rod (21) can achieve an approximately parallel functional position relative to the drive shaft axis M and/or an approximately coaxial functional position relative to the adjusting piston axis, wherein preferably an angular deviation from the respective axis of less than 3 °, preferably less than 2 ° and particularly preferably less than 1 ° can be achieved.

9. Machine as in claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting rod (21) is configured rotationally symmetrically and/or mirror-symmetrically with respect to a transverse axis of the adjusting rod (21).

10. Axial piston machine according to claim 2, characterised in that the adjusting rod (21) has spherical end regions on both sides, wherein the spherical end regions form a ball-and-socket joint with a spherical recess in the adjusting piston (22), and the spherical end regions of the adjusting rod (21) run at least up to its equator, and in particular, run beyond its equator into the interior of the adjusting piston (22).

11. Machine as in claim 10, characterized in that the adjusting rod (21) is subjected to a surface treatment at least in the ball-and-socket joint contact area with the adjusting piston (22) and the swing basket (6), said surface treatment involving in particular hardening, coating and structuring, wherein in particular one or more methods of laser technology are used here.

12. Machine as in any claim hereinbefore, characterized in that the adjusting rod (21) can be locked at least in the end regions of the longitudinal sides.

13. Machine as in claim 1, characterized in that said adjusting rod (21) can be made of plastic, brass, aluminum or aluminum alloy.

Technical Field

The invention relates to an axial piston machine comprising a drive shaft, a drive drum connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the drive shaft, the drive drum having one or more drive pistons accommodated therein, the piston stroke of which can be adjusted by means of a swash plate.

Background

The term axial piston machine includes both axial piston pumps and axial piston motors. A special type of construction of an axial piston machine is a swash plate machine, which comprises a drive mechanism in the form of a drive mechanism drum, in which a plurality of drive mechanism pistons are mounted in the drive mechanism in an axially displaceable manner in corresponding cylinder bores. The drive mechanism is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a drive shaft of the axial piston machine, which is set in rotation, for example, by mechanical work in an operating mode of the pump. During operation of the pump, the piston performs a stroke movement parallel to the axis of rotation within a half-turn from a specific starting position in order to thereby draw hydraulic fluid from the low-pressure side, hereinafter referred to as hydraulic fluid for better readability, while the piston performs a lowering movement in the remaining half-turn of the entire rotation about the axis of rotation, thereby bringing the previously drawn-in hydraulic fluid to a high-pressure level and delivering it to the working output, i.e. to the high-pressure side. In the motor operating mode, the principle of action is reversed by: the drive mechanism piston is operated by controlled pressure to produce rotational movement of the drive shaft.

The stroke of the drive mechanism pistons is determined via the pivot angle of a swash plate, also known as a pendulum basket (Schwenkwiege). The drive mechanism piston, which executes a stroke movement, is always oriented parallel to the drive shaft when the drive shaft rotates and is pulled or pushed to a movement preset by the swash plate and the retraction plate, respectively, by means of a slipper articulated at the piston. The swash plate does not follow the rotational movement of the drive shaft, so that the shoes fixed to the pistons perform a sliding movement on the surface of the swash plate facing the shoes. Therefore, the stroke of the drive mechanism piston used can be adjusted via the pivot angle of the swash plate. The maximum stroke of the drive piston results from the maximum possible pivoting angle of the swash plate. The minimum stroke of the drive mechanism pistons results from the smallest possible pivot angle of the swash plate. Furthermore, axial piston machines exist in which a so-called full pivoting of the swash plate in the neutral position, i.e. a so-called Mooring operation (Mooring-Betrieb), is provided. There are also axial piston machines in which two adjusting pistons act on a swash plate.

Disclosure of Invention

It is pointed out here that the invention can also be applied to such axial piston machines.

The object of the invention is to show a suitable device for adjusting the pivot angle of the swash plate.

The object is achieved by an axial piston machine according to the invention. Advantageous embodiments of the axial piston machine are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

According to the invention, it is now proposed with respect to axial piston machines known per se that at least one adjusting rod is provided for adjusting the pivoting angle of the ramp, which adjusting rod is oriented approximately parallel and preferably parallel to the drive shaft and is mounted in the axial piston machine so as to be axially displaceable. The adjusting lever acts on the end side on the swash plate, whereby a change in the pivot angle of the swash plate can be brought about by an axial movement of the adjusting lever.

A very simple and robust adjustment possibility for the mounted swash plate of the axial piston machine is thus achieved. The adjusting lever preferably extends from the swash plate approximately parallel to the drive shaft until beyond the control plate into the rear housing region. This can be achieved: the possible operating means for the adjusting lever are mounted at the rear end of the machine housing, which is in most cases constructed as a separate component, which greatly simplifies the mounting and replacement of such operating means. The adjusting lever preferably engages on the swash plate in the region of the outer circumference of the swash plate in order to provide sufficient space, in particular for the drum drive. The diameter of the drive mechanism drum and/or the control plate may be dimensioned smaller and/or the diameter of the swash plate may be dimensioned larger than in conventional axial piston machines. If the control plate has a reduced diameter, the control element, in particular the control kidney of the control plate, is forcibly placed closer to the drive shaft. The same applies to the piston bore in the drive mechanism drum.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the adjusting lever is designed mirror-symmetrically with respect to a transverse axis of the adjusting lever. The mirror-symmetrical embodiment simplifies the installation of the adjusting rod in the axial piston machine, since the risk of incorrect installation positions is generally eliminated. It can also be advantageous to have a completely rotationally symmetrical design of the adjusting lever with respect to the longitudinal axis of the adjusting lever.

The fixing or connection of the adjusting lever to the swash plate is preferably effected via an articulated connection, in particular a ball joint connection. The ball is preferably formed on the end of the adjusting lever on the swash plate side. The ball head, which is clearly shown here, is located in a corresponding spherical seat of the swash plate, in particular in the outer region of the swash plate.

According to a preferred embodiment, adjusting pistons are fixed on opposite ends of the adjusting rod, said adjusting pistons providing a hydraulic active surface for hydraulically activating the adjusting rod. The adjusting piston is ideally mounted so as to be displaceable in the axial direction of the adjusting rod in a bore of the machine housing which is matched to the adjusting piston. It is particularly preferred that the adjusting piston is mounted in a connecting plate of the axial piston machine (see below), in particular in a blind hole of the connecting plate. In this arrangement, the adjustment chamber is then located in the blind end and thus in the hollow volume of the connecting plate. In general, the housing of the axial piston machine is formed in at least two parts, wherein the main housing part accommodates the drive mechanism drum, the retraction plate, the retraction balls, the control plate, the swash plate, etc., and accommodates the largest length section of the drive shaft and is open for mounting purposes at its rear end, i.e., in the region behind the control plate. After the mounting of the component is completed, the housing opening is closed by the connecting plate.

The connection between the adjusting piston and the adjusting rod can likewise be effected via a ball-and-socket joint, wherein preferably the respective adjusting piston end is preferably provided with a ball head.

During the production of said components, a surface treatment is carried out on the contact surface between the regulating rod and the swash plate on the one hand and between the regulating rod and the regulating piston on the other hand. The surface treatment of the contact surfaces can be carried out, for example, by means of laser technology, which involves, in particular, hardening, coating and structuring. The contact surface of the spherical end region of the adjusting rod can thus be laser-hardened and/or laser-structured, laser-coated and/or laser-structured, for example, wherein the structuring can be advantageous for the formation of oil pockets.

In order to limit the maximum and minimum pivoting angle of the swash plate, at least one stop for the adjusting piston is provided. Preferably, the bottom of the blind hole in the connecting plate serves as a first stop. If the adjusting piston is in this stop position, there is a maximum stroke of the drive mechanism piston. The other stop is realized by a flat projection of the main housing in the region of the blind hole. If the adjusting piston is in this stop position, there is a minimum stroke of the drive mechanism piston. The oil quantity delivered by the axial piston pump is required here for maintaining self-lubrication and hydrostatic pressure reduction.

The flat projection which is retracted from the stop surface between the main housing and the connecting plate in the direction of the main housing can also serve as a stop for the adjusting piston. This stop option enables an extended functional range, for example an increased pivot range in the same functional quadrant of the axial piston machine, or the use of a further function in another functional quadrant, for example a Mooring function (Mooring-fusion).

It is also conceivable for the end face of the adjusting piston facing the bottom of the blind hole to have a certain cylindrical projection, in particular a central projection. Preferably, the blind hole bottom is not completely closed, but rather comprises a transition opening to a receptacle located geometrically downstream for a control or regulating valve.

Particularly preferably, the bore axes of the blind bore and of the transition bore lie on a common straight line. The length of the projection is determined here in such a way that the control piston cannot be supported on the housing of the control or control valve located geometrically downstream. The pressure spring of the control valve or regulating valve can be supported on the central projection. In this embodiment, the regulating pressure can provide a surface of action for regulating the piston via a control or regulating valve.

According to a preferred embodiment, the adjustment lever can be locked at least at the end regions of the longitudinal sides.

Drawings

Further advantages and characteristics of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing.

The figures show:

fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an axial piston machine according to the invention along a drive shaft;

FIG. 2 shows a detail of the upper half of the axial piston machine in the region of the adjusting rod; and

fig. 3 shows a detail view of the adjusting piston in the first end stop position and in the second stop position shown;

fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of an axial piston machine according to the invention in a top view.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows an axial longitudinal section through an axial piston machine according to the invention. The invention is described below with reference to an axial piston pump, but it is explicitly pointed out that the features according to the invention can also be used without limitation in axial piston motors. It is furthermore pointed out that the features according to the invention can also be used for axial piston machines which operate in multi-quadrant operation.

A drive cylinder 2, in which a plurality of drive pistons 3 are inserted in the manner of a cylinder turret into a cylinder bore 4, is arranged on the drive shaft 1 in a rotationally fixed manner. The drive mechanism pistons 3 are supported on swash plates 6 via shoes 5, respectively. The swash plate is supported on a main housing 8 via a pressure spring 7. When the drive shaft 1 rotates, the drive mechanism piston 3 slides on the sliding surface of the swash plate 6 by means of its shoes 5 and, depending on the pivot angle of the swash plate 6, causes a stroke movement of the drive mechanism piston 3. Depending on the operating mode of the axial piston machine, i.e. the pump or the motor, hydraulic energy or mechanical power is generated as a result.

The holding device ensures that: the running surface of the shoe 5 of the drive mechanism piston 3 does not lose contact with the sliding surface of the swash plate 6 even during its suction phase. The retaining device is furthermore formed by a retraction plate 10 and a retraction ball 9 which is coaxially located on the drive shaft 1. The latter is pressed by the spring 12 in the drawing plane (plane E1) and in the illustrated embodiment in the half plane E1 from the drive shaft axis to the left in the direction of the swashplate 6 and is supported there on the retracting plate 10. The retraction plate 10 is thereby always in contact with the skid shoe 5 and presses its working surface against the swash plate 6. The drive roller 4 is pressed by a central spring 12 in the direction of a control plate 13.

The stroke of the drive mechanism pistons 3 is predetermined by the pivot angle of the swash plate 6, which can be changed during operation via the adjusting device 20.

The adjusting rod 21 preferably has a spherical end region on both sides, wherein one side of the adjusting rod 21 is connected to the swash plate 6 and the other side is connected to the adjusting piston 22 in a hinged manner, in particular in a ball-and-socket joint. The adjusting lever 21 can be rotationally symmetrical about its longitudinal axis and/or can be embodied mirror-symmetrically about a vertical axis. The adjusting rod 21 extends in the axial direction from the swash plate 6 beyond the control plate 13 into a blind bore 11a which is located in the connecting plate 11 and in which the adjusting piston 22 is guided. The adjusting lever can be locked in its hinged connection on at least one of the two longitudinal ends.

A control or regulating valve 30 may be arranged in the connection plate 11.

The end of the spherical adjusting rod opposite the swash plate 6 forms a ball-and-socket joint with a spherical recess in the adjusting piston 22. The adjusting piston 22 is axially displaceably mounted in the blind hole 11a of the connecting plate 11. The piston 22 has a small cylindrical projection 23 on its end face opposite the spherical recess, on which a pressure spring of the control or regulating valve 30 can be supported.

Two stops for the adjusting piston 22 in the region of the blind hole 11a serve to limit the adjusting movement of the swash plate 6. A first stop 24 for limiting the maximum pivoting angle is formed by the bottom of the blind hole 11a, so that here the maximum insertion path of the adjusting rod 21 into the blind hole 11a is limited. The second stop of the adjusting piston 22 for limiting the minimum pivoting angle is formed by a flat projection 25 or 25a of the machine housing 8 in the region of the blind hole 11 a.

The arrangement described makes it possible to use the structural length of the connecting plate 11 for the positioning of the control or regulating valve 30. The control or regulating valve can be inserted or screwed into the connecting plate 11 from the outside, so that a simple replacement of the valve 30 is possible.

Further advantages of the arrangement on the structure:

by means of a slight angular change of the adjusting rod 21 relative to the center axis of the adjusting piston 22, a force transmission in the region of the adjusting piston 22 is achieved which is almost free of transverse forces. This is also facilitated by the spherical region of the adjusting rod 21 sinking into the inner region of the adjusting piston 22.

An adjustment rod 21 with two identical spherical end regions facilitates the mounting.

The supply of hydraulic oil can further improve the tribology in the functional region of the ball-and-socket joint connection between the regulating rod 21 and the regulating piston 22 and the swash plate 6. If tubular material is used for the adjusting rod 21, it is also possible in a simple manner to supply the ball-and-socket joint connection with hydraulic oil in the region of the swash plate 6.

It is also possible to use a material such as plastic, brass, aluminum or an aluminum alloy for the adjustment lever 21 in consideration of frictional characteristics, weight and cost.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the swash plate support 40 is subjected to a uniform loading from the force of the adjusting device 20 introduced centrally with respect to the bearing point.

List of reference numerals:

1 drive shaft

2 driving mechanism roller

3 drive mechanism piston

4 Cylinder hole

5 sliding boots

6 swash plate

7 pressure spring

8 main casing

9 retracting ball

10 retracting plate

11 connecting plate

11a blind hole

12 spring

13 control panel

20 adjusting device

21 adjusting rod

22 regulating piston

23 column shaped projection

Bottom of 24 blind hole

25 flat projection

25a flat projection

30 control or regulating valve

E1 plane

E1 semi-plane