阅读说明：本技术 共形摩擦纳米发电机单体、共形结构及独立收集器 (Conformal friction nanometer generator monomer, conformal structure and independent collector ) 是由 张弛 姜冬冬 刘国旭 李文健 于 2019-04-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种共形摩擦纳米发电机单体、共形结构及独立收集器,共形摩擦纳米发电机单体,包括：载体层；两个电极层,分别贴附于载体层的上、下表面,与其边缘之间存在距离,使外围部分的载体层暴露；两个摩擦层,分别对应包裹于两个电极层的外围,覆盖于暴露的载体层之上,形成一封闭的夹心结构；其中,两个摩擦层位于不同的摩擦电序列。该单体结构的结构紧凑、性能可靠、便于直接进行共形复制,由共形摩擦纳米发电机单体形成的共形结构,能够基于接触-分离式或单电极模式同时收集包括风能、振动能以及降落的雨滴能等多种形式机械能,由多个单体或者多个共形结构分布形成的独立收集器可用于大规模、长期收集多种环境机械能,具有高可靠性和高稳定性。(A conformal friction nano generator monomer, conformal structure and independent collector, conformal friction nano generator monomer, includes: a carrier layer; the two electrode layers are respectively attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of the carrier layer, and a distance is reserved between the two electrode layers and the edge of the carrier layer, so that the carrier layer at the peripheral part is exposed; the two friction layers are correspondingly wrapped on the peripheries of the two electrode layers respectively and cover the exposed carrier layer to form a closed sandwich structure; wherein the two triboelectric layers are in different triboelectric series. The single structure is compact in structure, reliable in performance and convenient for direct conformal copying, the conformal structure formed by the conformal friction nanometer generator single bodies can simultaneously collect various mechanical energy including wind energy, vibration energy, falling raindrop energy and the like based on a contact-separation type or single electrode mode, and an independent collector formed by a plurality of single bodies or a plurality of conformal structures in a distributed mode can be used for collecting various environmental mechanical energy on a large scale for a long time, and has high reliability and high stability.)

1. A conformal friction nanogenerator cell, comprising:

a carrier layer (10);

a first electrode layer (21) and a second electrode layer (22) respectively attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the carrier layer (10) with a distance from the edge of the carrier layer (10) to expose the carrier layer (10) at the peripheral portion;

the first friction layer (31) and the second friction layer (32) are correspondingly wrapped on the peripheries of the first electrode layer (21) and the second electrode layer (22) respectively and cover the exposed carrier layer (10) to form a closed sandwich structure;

wherein the first friction layer (31) and the second friction layer (32) are in different triboelectric series.

2. A conformal structure, comprising at least two conformal friction nanogenerator cells according to claim 1, wherein a set distance exists between two adjacent conformal friction nanogenerator cells, and the set distance satisfies the contact and separation between the two adjacent conformal friction nanogenerator cells.

3. The conformal structure of claim 2,

under the action of wind blowing, at least two adjacent conformal friction nanometer generator monomers are contacted and separated, and wind energy is converted into electric energy; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,

the conformal structure generates vibration under the action of external force, at least two adjacent conformal friction nanometer generator monomers are contacted and separated, and vibration energy is converted into electric energy; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,

under the contact action of the falling raindrops and the conformal structure, the contacted conformal friction nanometer generator monomer converts the energy carried by the falling raindrops into electric energy.

4. The conformal structure of claim 2 or 3, wherein said carrier layer (10) is blade-shaped, comprising one or a combination of the following shapes: oval, crescent, bifurcated, peach, fan, and irregular.

5. The conformal structure of any one of claims 2 through 4,

the material of the carrier layer (10) is an insulating and elastic support material, and comprises: a polyimide; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the thickness of the carrier layer (10) is between 100 and 500 mu m; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the first friction layer (31) and the second friction layer (32) are insulating materials, and comprise: polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the thickness of the first friction layer (31) and the second friction layer (32) is 40% -90% of the thickness of the carrier layer (10).

6. The conformal structure according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein all or part of the conformal friction nanogenerator cells are connected in parallel.

7. An independent collector, comprising N conformal friction nanogenerator monomers according to claim 1, wherein N is greater than or equal to 2; or M conformal structures according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein M ≧ 1.

8. The isolated collector of claim 7 wherein the conformal friction nanogenerator monomers are distributed in a form comprising one or more of the following forms: tree-shaped distribution, grass-shaped distribution, petal-shaped distribution, and layer-type distribution.

9. The independent collector of claim 7 or 8, wherein the independent collector is a power generation tree, a plurality of conformal friction nano-generator units are arranged on a trunk of the power generation tree, and all or part of the conformal friction nano-generator units are connected in parallel to realize simultaneous collection of various forms of mechanical energy, and the collection comprises: wind energy, vibration energy, and falling rain energy.

10. The standalone collector of any of claims 7 to 9, further comprising: and the energy storage device is connected with the output of all or part of the conformal friction nano generator monomer.

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the energy is collected, relate to a conformal friction nanometer generator monomer, conformal structure and independent collector, especially a conformal structure that can collect the mechanical energy of multiple forms such as wind energy, vibration energy and landing raindrop energy simultaneously, the conformal friction nanometer generator monomer that constitutes this conformal structure and the independent collector that a large amount of conformal structures constitute.

Background

With the increase in greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels, the temperature at the earth's surface rises, which has potentially harmful effects on ecosystem, biodiversity and human life. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find sustainable and renewable energy sources. There are various forms of energy in the surrounding environment, with mechanical energy being one of the most widely available. However, ambient mechanical energy has irregular amplitude, low frequency, instability and widely distributed characteristics, which limit the collection and application of ambient mechanical energy. Therefore, the development of new technologies is very important for collecting environmental mechanical energy.

Since 2012, a triboelectric nano-generator (TENG) as an emerging technology based on maxwell displacement current second term, provides a method that can efficiently convert environmental mechanical energy into electrical energy. The friction nanogenerator has four basic modes: a vertical contact separation mode, a lateral sliding mode, a single electrode mode, and an independent layer mode. Over the past seven years, designers have invented triboelectric nanogenerators of different structures as energy collectors for collecting mechanical energy, based on different models.

However, the design of the current friction nano-generator structure or the energy collection system based on the TENG structure is limited to realize energy collection in a certain mechanical energy form, and different forms of energy are collected by friction nano-generators with different structures respectively, and can not realize the collection of multiple forms of energy simultaneously.

In addition, even if some structures can realize the joint collection of two forms of energy, the structures are complex, the direct copying or expansion by the existing structures is difficult to carry out by further expanding or forming a large system, and in addition, the performance after the expansion cannot realize a plurality of superimposed enhancement effects. Therefore, there is a need for a scalable device structure that can simultaneously collect multiple forms of energy.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

The present disclosure provides a conformal friction nanogenerator cell, conformal structure and independent collector to at least partially solve the technical problems set forth above.

(II) technical scheme

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a conformal friction nanogenerator cell comprising: a carrier layer 10; a first electrode layer 21 and a second electrode layer 22 respectively attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the carrier layer 10 with a distance from the edge of the carrier layer 10 to expose the carrier layer 10 at the peripheral portion; the first friction layer 31 and the second friction layer 32 are respectively correspondingly wrapped on the peripheries of the first electrode layer 21 and the second electrode layer 22 and cover the exposed carrier layer 10 to form a closed sandwich structure; wherein the first friction layer 31 and the second friction layer 32 are in different triboelectric series.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a conformal structure comprising at least two conformal friction nano-generator units, wherein a set distance exists between two adjacent conformal friction nano-generator units, and the set distance satisfies contact and separation between two adjacent conformal friction nano-generator units.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, under the action of wind blowing, at least two adjacent conformal friction nano-generator monomers are in contact-separated to convert wind energy into electric energy; or the conformal structure generates vibration under the action of external force, and at least two adjacent conformal friction nanometer generator monomers are contacted and separated, so that vibration energy is converted into electric energy; or under the contact action of the falling raindrops and the conformal structure, the contacted conformal friction nanometer generator monomer converts the energy carried by the falling raindrops into electric energy.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the shape of the carrier layer 10 is a leaf shape, including one or a combination of the following shapes: oval, crescent, bifurcated, peach, fan, and irregular.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the material of the carrier layer 10 is an insulating and elastic support material, including: a polyimide; and/or the thickness of the carrier layer 10 is between 100 μm and 500 μm; and/or, the first friction layer 31 and the second friction layer 32 are insulating materials, including: polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon; and/or the thickness of the first friction layer 31 and the second friction layer 32 is 40% to 90% of the thickness of the carrier layer 10.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, all or a portion of the conformal friction nanogenerator cells are connected in parallel.

According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a self-contained collector comprising N conformal friction nanogenerator monomers, N ≧ 2; or M conformal structures, M ≧ 1.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the form in which the conformal friction nanogenerator monomers are distributed in the independent collector comprises one or more of the following forms: tree-shaped distribution, grass-shaped distribution, petal-shaped distribution, and layer-type distribution.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the independent collector is a power generation tree, a plurality of conformal friction nano-generator monomers are disposed on a trunk of the power generation tree, and all or part of the conformal friction nano-generator monomers are connected in parallel, so as to realize simultaneous collection of mechanical energy in various forms, including: wind energy, vibration energy, and falling rain energy.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the independent collector further comprises: and the energy storage device is connected with the output of all or part of the conformal friction nano generator monomer.

(III) advantageous effects

According to the technical scheme, the conformal friction nanometer generator monomer, the conformal structure and the independent collector have the following beneficial effects:

1. in the arranged conformal friction nanometer generator monomer structure, the carrier layer, the electrode layers on two sides and the friction layers wrapping the electrode layers form a sandwich structure, so that electric leakage of the electrode layers is avoided, and the reliability and stability of the device are ensured; the friction layers on the two sides are positioned in different triboelectric sequences and correspond to different gain and loss electronic capabilities, so that potential difference is generated under external stimulation, the monomer structure is compact in structure and reliable in performance, conformal copying is facilitated directly, performance after expansion is conducted by taking the monomer structure as a basic unit can be enhanced in a superposition mode, and the conformal meaning indicates that the monomer structure is identical in shape and different in size.

2. The conformal structure formed by at least two conformal friction nanometer generator monomers can simultaneously collect various forms of mechanical energy including wind energy, vibration energy, falling raindrop energy and the like based on a contact-separation type working mode or a single electrode mode, and experiments show that the total output of all monomers after being connected in parallel is greatly improved along with the increase of the number of the monomers, so that a plurality of superimposed enhancement effects are realized.

3. Based on a large amount of conformal friction nanometer generator monomer or conformal structure, this disclosure has proposed an independent collector again, can be used for extensive, long-term collection multiple environment mechanical energy, can set up in the place that environment mechanical energy concentrates, as the independent website of catching environment mechanical energy, its distributed layout form is various, can be the bionic structure of tree form distribution for example, each monomer structure has better reliability and stability, has very big application prospect in fields such as environmental monitoring, thing networking and wireless sensor network.

Drawings

Fig. 1A is a schematic top view of a conformal triboelectric nanogenerator cell according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along A-A as shown in FIG. 1A.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a contact separation mode operation of a conformal structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single electrode mode operation of a conformal structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 is a test result of the collection of wind energy by a conformal structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein (a) is a result of the change of the rectified short-circuit current and the open-circuit voltage of a conformal structure comprising two conformal friction nano-generator cells with the increase of the wind speed; (b) the result is the total output of short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage after all the cells are connected in parallel as the number of cells increases at a wind speed of 10 m/s.

Fig. 5 is a test result of the collection of vibration energy by a conformal structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein (a) is a result of the change of the rectified short circuit current and the open circuit voltage of a conformal structure comprising two conformal friction nanogenerator cells with the increase of vibration frequency; (b) the result is the change of the total output of the short-circuit current and the open-circuit voltage after all the cells are connected in parallel with the increase of the number of the cells under the vibration frequency of 2.2 Hz.

Fig. 6 is a test result of raindrop energy collection by a conformal structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein (a) is a result of a change of a rectified short-circuit current and an open-circuit voltage of a conformal structure including two conformal friction nano-generator cells with an increase of a raindrop flow rate; (b) the result is the change of the total output of the short-circuit current and the open-circuit voltage after all the monomers are connected in parallel with the increase of the number of the monomers under the rain drop flow of 24 ml/s.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a stand-alone collector according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating the charging curves of a power tree collecting different types of mechanical energy according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 9 is a graph illustrating the results of stability test curves for collecting different mechanical energies of the power generation tree according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[ notation ] to show

10-a carrier layer;

21-a first electrode layer; 22-a second electrode layer;

31-a first friction layer; 32-second friction layer.

Detailed Description

The utility model provides a conformal friction nanometer generator monomer, conformal structure and independent collector, the conformal structure that two at least conformal friction nanometer generator monomers formed, can collect simultaneously including wind energy, vibration energy and the raindrop energy of descending etc. various form mechanical energy based on contact-disconnect type mode or single electrode mode, the experiment shows, along with the increase of monomer quantity, the improvement of the big degree of total output after all monomers are parallelly connected, realize a plurality of superimposed reinforcing effects, the independent collector that is formed by a plurality of monomers or a plurality of conformal structure distribution can be used to on a large scale, collect multiple environment mechanical energy for a long time, high reliability and high stability have, in the environmental monitoring, the field such as thing networking and wireless sensor network has very big application prospect.

For the purpose of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

First embodiment

In a first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a conformal friction nanogenerator cell is provided.

Fig. 1A is a schematic top view of a conformal triboelectric nanogenerator cell according to an embodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along A-A as shown in FIG. 1A.

Referring to fig. 1A and 1B, the conformal friction nanogenerator of the present disclosure comprises: a carrier layer 10; a first electrode layer 21 and a second electrode layer 22 respectively attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the carrier layer 10 with a distance from the edge of the carrier layer 10 to expose the carrier layer 10 at the peripheral portion; the first friction layer 31 and the second friction layer 32 are respectively correspondingly wrapped on the peripheries of the first electrode layer 21 and the second electrode layer 22 and cover the exposed carrier layer 10 to form a closed sandwich structure; wherein the first friction layer 31 and the second friction layer 32 are in different triboelectric series.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the overall shape of the conformal friction nanogenerator monomer is determined by the shape of the carrier layer 10, and after the friction layer (including the first friction layer 31 and the second friction layer 32) wrapped on the periphery of the electrode layer (including the first electrode layer 21 and the second electrode layer 22) achieves the wrapping effect, the portion covered on the exposed carrier layer 10 can be just flush with the edge of the carrier layer, as shown in fig. 1B; it may also be smaller than the size of the carrier layer 10, there being portions of the carrier layer 10 that are exposed at the edges; it may be a size exceeding the carrier layer 10, and the width of the first friction layer 31 and the second friction layer 32 of the two friction layers may be a portion extending out of the carrier layer in addition to a portion covering the exposed carrier layer 10, as long as there is no contact between the first friction layer 31 and the second friction layer 32.

In this embodiment, the shape of the carrier layer 10 is a leaf shape, including but not limited to one or a combination of the following shapes: oval, crescent, bifurcated, peach, fan, and irregular.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the material of the carrier layer 10 is an insulating and elastic support material, including: a polyimide; and/or the thickness of the carrier layer 10 is between 100 μm and 500 μm; and/or, the first friction layer 31 and the second friction layer 32 are insulating materials, including: polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon; and/or the thickness of the first friction layer 31 and the second friction layer 32 is 40% to 90% of the thickness of the carrier layer 10.

For example, in the present embodiment, the carrier layer 10 is in the shape of a simulated oval leaf, as shown in fig. 1A. The material of the carrier layer 10 is an insulating film material with certain rigidity and elasticity, in one example, the carrier layer is Polyimide (PI) with the thickness of 150 μm, the oval first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are pasted on the front side and the back side of the carrier layer, the surfaces of the two electrodes are respectively covered with two friction layer materials, the thickness of the two friction layer materials is 10% -60% thinner than that of the carrier layer 10, and the shape of the two friction layer materials is slightly larger than the shape of the first electrode and the second electrode, so that the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 can be completely covered, and electric leakage is avoided. The first friction layer 31 and the second friction layer 32 are preferably thin film materials having a large difference in electron-losing ability. The first friction layer 31 used in this example was Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 80 μm thick and the second friction layer 32 was nylon (PA) 80 μm thick.

Conformal in this disclosure means the same shape and may vary in size. In the arranged conformal friction nanometer generator monomer structure, the carrier layer, the electrode layers on two sides and the friction layers wrapping the electrode layers form a sandwich structure, so that electric leakage of the electrode layers is avoided, and the reliability and stability of the device are ensured; the friction layers on the two sides are positioned in different triboelectric sequences and correspond to different gain and loss electronic capabilities, so that potential difference is generated under external stimulation.

How the above-described single structure is expanded and the expanded device will be described below in a second embodiment and a third embodiment.

Second embodiment

In a second exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a conformal structure is provided, which includes at least two conformal friction nano-generator units, wherein a set distance exists between two adjacent conformal friction nano-generator units, and the set distance satisfies contact and separation between the two adjacent conformal friction nano-generator units.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, under the action of wind blowing, at least two adjacent conformal friction nano-generator monomers are in contact-separated to convert wind energy into electric energy; or the conformal structure generates vibration under the action of external force, and at least two adjacent conformal friction nanometer generator monomers are contacted and separated, so that vibration energy is converted into electric energy; or under the contact action of the falling raindrops and the conformal structure, the contacted conformal friction nanometer generator monomer converts the energy carried by the falling raindrops into electric energy.

In this embodiment, the conformal structure including two conformal friction nano-generator units is used as the basic conformal structure, and the other plurality of conformal structures are extended on the basic conformal structure. The working principle of a conformal structure comprising at least two conformal friction nanogenerator units is described below by taking a basic conformal structure as an example.

The working mechanism of the conformal structure is based on the principles of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, and can be divided into two working modes according to the difference of the working modes: a contact split mode and a single electrode mode.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a contact separation mode operation of a conformal structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For simplicity and ease of description, only the portions of the carrier 10 of two adjacent monomers in the conformal structure, the opposing first and second frictional layers 31, 32, and the corresponding first and second electrodes 21, 22 are depicted in fig. 2. In the original state, referring to (i) of fig. 2, a certain distance is maintained between two adjacent cells, and since no electric charges are generated, there is no potential difference between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22. When the wind blows or vibrates, as shown in (ii) of fig. 2, the adjacent monomers are brought into close contact. According to the triboelectric sequence table, since the second friction layer 32 loses electrons more easily than the first friction layer 31, electrons on the surface of the second friction layer 32 are transferred to the surface of the first friction layer 31, and thus triboelectric charges of equal density are generated on the surfaces of the second friction layer 32 and the first friction layer 31, respectively. When the wind or vibration is intermittent, as shown in (iii) of fig. 2, the two cells start to be restored to the original positions due to the elasticity of the carrier 10. Since the first electrode 21 is at a lower potential than the second electrode 22, electrons will flow from the first electrode 21 to the second electrode 22 through the load of the external circuit. The flow of electrons continues until the two monomers return to the original positions, at which point an electrostatic equilibrium state is reached, as shown in (iv) of fig. 2. Then, when the monomers in the conformal structure are disturbed again, see (v) in fig. 2, the distance between the two monomers decreases, creating a potential difference opposite to the previous one, and the electrons will flow back to the first electrode 21 in the opposite direction, i.e. from the second electrode 22. Until the second friction layer 32 and the first friction layer 31 are completely contacted, another static balance state is reached, and a complete period for converting vibration energy or wind energy into electric energy is formed.

Here, the contact-separation mode exists in a system comprising at least two conformal friction nano-generator cells, which can simultaneously convert wind energy and vibration energy into electrical energy, in the same principle for a system of 3 or more cells.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single electrode mode operation of a conformal structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Similarly, only a part of the carrier 10, the first friction layer 31 and its corresponding first electrode 21 are drawn here. According to the previous studies, when water freely falls through a pipe or in the air, as shown in (i) of fig. 3, the surface of water droplets is positively charged due to friction between the water droplets and the air. When a raindrop with positive charges flows through the first friction layer 31, electrons will flow from the ground to the first electrode 21, since the potential of the first electrode 21 is higher than the potential of the ground. The flow of free electrons may continue until the potential difference is completely gone, see fig. 3 (iii). Once the raindrops flow out from the surface of the first friction layer 31, see (iv) in fig. 3, a negative potential difference is formed between the first electrode 21 and the ground, and the potential difference drives electrons to flow back to the ground from the first electrode 21 until an initial state is reached, see (i) in fig. 3, and the whole process shows a process of converting the energy carried by the raindrops (into raindrop energy) into electric energy.

Based on the leaf-shaped monomer shape in the first embodiment, the conformal structure obtained after connecting multiple monomers in parallel is subjected to a collection effect test on three forms of mechanical energy, and the results are shown in fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6 respectively.

Fig. 4 is a test result of the collection of wind energy by a conformal structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein (a) is a result of the change of the rectified short-circuit current and the open-circuit voltage of a conformal structure comprising two conformal friction nano-generator cells with the increase of the wind speed; (b) the result is the total output of short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage after all the cells are connected in parallel as the number of cells increases at a wind speed of 10 m/s.

In principle, it is possible to test the wind speed from breeze to hurricane, about 1m/s to 27m/s, this example tests the variation trend of the electrical output when the wind speed increases from 2.5m/s to 10m/s, and at the same time tests the variation trend of the electrical output when all the cells are connected in parallel at a fixed wind speed, as the number of the cells connected in parallel increases. As shown in fig. 4 (a), as the wind speed increases, both the rectified short circuit current and the open circuit voltage of the underlying conformal structure increase rapidly. At wind speeds of 10m/s, the short-circuit current is up to about 2 μ A and the open-circuit voltage is up to about 140V. As shown in fig. 4 (b), at a wind speed of 10m/s, the total output short-circuit current of the conformal friction nano-generator unit after parallel connection almost doubles as the number of the unit increases.

Fig. 5 is a test result of the collection of vibration energy by a conformal structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein (a) is a result of the change of the rectified short circuit current and the open circuit voltage of a conformal structure comprising two conformal friction nanogenerator cells with the increase of vibration frequency; (b) the result is the change of the total output of the short-circuit current and the open-circuit voltage after all the cells are connected in parallel with the increase of the number of the cells under the vibration frequency of 2.2 Hz.

The lowest vibrational energy frequency that the device can collect is related to the material and dimensions of the device itself, and the lowest vibrational energy frequency that can be collected by the conformal structure made in this example is about 0.8 Hz. As shown in fig. 5 (a), as the vibration frequency increases, the short circuit current of the underlying conformal structure increases rapidly, reaching a saturation value of about 4 μ Α. As shown in fig. 5 (b), at the frequency of 2.2Hz, the total output short-circuit current of the conformal friction nano-generator cells after parallel connection increases almost linearly as the number of the blade cells increases from 2 to 5.

Fig. 6 is a test result of raindrop energy collection by a conformal structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein (a) is a result of a change of a rectified short-circuit current and an open-circuit voltage of a conformal structure including two conformal friction nano-generator cells with an increase of a raindrop flow rate; (b) the result is the change of the total output of the short-circuit current and the open-circuit voltage after all the monomers are connected in parallel with the increase of the number of the monomers under the rain drop flow of 24 ml/s.

As shown in fig. 6 (a), as the raindrop flow increases, both the output short circuit current and the open circuit voltage of the underlying conformal structure increase significantly. As shown in fig. 6 (b), at the raindrop flow rate of 24ml/s, the total output short-circuit current of the parallel connection of the conformal friction nano-generator rapidly increases to about 20 μ a as the number of the blade monomers increases.

The conformal structure formed by at least two conformal friction nanometer generator monomers can simultaneously collect various forms of mechanical energy including wind energy, vibration energy, falling raindrop energy and the like based on a contact-separation type working mode or a single electrode mode, and experimental test results show that the total output maximum degree after all the monomers are connected in parallel is improved along with the increase of the number of the monomers, so that a plurality of superimposed enhancement effects are realized.

Third embodiment

In a third exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a standalone collector is provided, comprising N conformal friction nanogenerator monomers, N ≧ 2; or M conformal structures, M ≧ 1.

Analysis of the test results from fig. 4-6 yields: the purpose of improving the output short-circuit current can be achieved by increasing the number of the blade monomers connected in parallel. For the purpose of collecting distributed energy, the present disclosure further proposes an independent collector for collecting various environmental mechanical energy based on a conformal friction nano-generator monomer or conformal structure. The independent collector can be placed in a place where environmental mechanical energy is concentrated, can be used as an independent station for capturing the environmental mechanical energy, can charge a capacitor or supply power for low-power equipment, and can realize the collection of distributed energy sources due to the arrangement of a plurality of independent collectors.

In this embodiment, the independent collector includes a plurality of conformal friction nano generator units or a plurality of conformal structures, and the electrical connection manner between the plurality of conformal friction nano generator units or between the plurality of conformal structures is parallel connection, that is, the first electrodes 21 corresponding to the first friction layers 31 of all the units are connected together, and the second electrodes 22 corresponding to the second friction layers 32 of all the units are connected together to serve as two electrical output ends.

In the independent collector of the embodiment, the form of the conformal friction nano generator monomer distribution includes one or more of the following forms: tree-shaped distribution, grass-shaped distribution, petal-shaped distribution, and layer-type distribution. In the place where the environmental mechanical energy is concentrated, a plurality of independent collectors can be placed for layout, and the collection of distributed energy is realized.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a stand-alone collector according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to fig. 7, the independent collector is a power generation tree, a plurality of conformal friction nano-generator units are disposed on a trunk of the power generation tree, and all or part of the conformal friction nano-generator units are connected in parallel, so as to realize simultaneous collection of multiple forms of mechanical energy, including: wind energy, vibration energy, and falling rain energy.

Under the action of wind blowing, at least two adjacent conformal friction nanometer generator monomers are contacted and separated, and wind energy is converted into electric energy; or the conformal structure generates vibration under the action of external force, and at least two adjacent conformal friction nanometer generator monomers are contacted and separated, so that vibration energy is converted into electric energy; or under the contact action of the falling raindrops and the conformal structure, the contacted conformal friction nanometer generator monomer converts the energy carried by the falling raindrops into electric energy.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the independent collector further comprises: and the energy storage device is connected with the output of all or part of the conformal friction nano generator monomer. For example, the energy storage device is a capacitor.

FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating the charging curves of a power tree collecting different types of mechanical energy according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 8, the power generation tree can generate voltages of about 5V, 7.5V, and 11V in one minute at a constant vibration frequency at a constant wind speed and a constant raindrop flow rate, respectively, and store them in the capacitor. This demonstrates the excellent ability of the independent collector, exemplified by the leaf-shaped friction nano power tree, to collect a variety of energies and store electrical energy.

Fig. 9 is a graph illustrating the results of stability test curves for collecting different mechanical energies of the power generation tree according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 9 illustrates a change of the short-circuit current outputted from the whole power generation tree in the process of testing the power generation tree to collect wind energy, vibration energy and raindrop energy at the same time period of 10 consecutive days. As shown in fig. 9, there was almost no significant decrease in the output short-circuit current of the entire power generation tree over a certain period of time, and the results showed that the independent collector exemplified by the leaf-shaped friction nano power generation tree had excellent stability and durability.

In summary, the present disclosure provides a conformal friction nano generator monomer, a conformal structure and an independent collector, in the set conformal friction nano generator monomer structure, a carrier layer, electrode layers on two sides and friction layers wrapping the electrode layers form a sandwich structure, thereby avoiding electric leakage of the electrode layers, ensuring reliability and stability of the device, and meanwhile, the friction layers on the upper and lower surfaces are used as friction layers which rub against other adjacent monomers or contact with other objects (for example, falling raindrops), and are also used as encapsulation layers of the monomer structure, so that the structure is compact; the friction layers on the two sides are positioned in different triboelectric sequences and correspond to different gain and loss electronic capabilities, so that potential difference is generated under external stimulation. The conformal structure formed by at least two conformal friction nanometer generator monomers can simultaneously collect various forms of mechanical energy including wind energy, vibration energy, falling raindrop energy and the like based on a contact-separation type working mode or a single electrode mode, and experiments show that the total output of all monomers after being connected in parallel is greatly improved along with the increase of the number of the monomers, so that a plurality of superimposed enhancement effects are realized. An independent collector is provided based on a large number of conformal friction nanometer generator monomers or conformal structures, the independent collector can be used for collecting various environmental mechanical energy in a large scale and for a long time, can be arranged in a place where the environmental mechanical energy is concentrated and used as an independent station for capturing the environmental mechanical energy, is various in distributed layout form, can be a bionic structure in tree-shaped distribution, has good reliability and stability in each monomer structure, and has great application prospects in the fields of environmental monitoring, Internet of things, wireless sensor networks and the like.

It should be noted that various schematic structural diagrams according to the illustrated embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and may be omitted for clarity of presentation. The various data, shapes and relative sizes and positional relationships between them shown in the drawings are only exemplary, and deviations due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations may be caused in practice, and those skilled in the art may additionally design different shapes, sizes, relative positions according to actual needs.