阅读说明：本技术 水性涂料组合物和用于改善水性涂料组合物的冻融稳定性的方法 (Aqueous coating composition and method for improving freeze-thaw stability of aqueous coating composition ) 是由 沈澄 季静 蒋奇 于 2019-03-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明的实施例涉及水性涂料组合物和用于改善水性涂料组合物的冻融稳定性的方法。在一个方面中,水性涂料组合物包含水性聚合物分散体和如本文所述的根据式(1)的化合物。<Image he="201" wi="700" file="DDA0002674732220000011.GIF" imgContent="drawing" imgFormat="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"></Image>(Embodiments of the present invention relate to aqueous coating compositions and methods for improving the freeze-thaw stability of aqueous coating compositions. In one aspect, an aqueous coating composition comprises an aqueous polymer dispersion and a compound according to formula (1) as described herein.)

1. An aqueous coating composition comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion and a compound according to formula 1:

wherein R is₁、R₂And R₃Each independently is one of hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein R₄Is hydrogen, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, SO₃M or PO₃M, wherein M is sodium, potassium, ammonium or an organic amine, wherein x has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein y has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein z has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein x + y + z is 3 to 20, and wherein the coating composition comprises 0.1 to 10 wt% of the compound according to formula 1 based on the weight of the polymer dispersion solids.

2. The coating composition of claim 1, wherein the compound has a molecular weight of 500 to 6000.

3. The coating composition of claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising at least one coalescent.

4. The coating composition of any preceding claim, wherein the aqueous polymer dispersion comprises an acrylic polymer.

5. The coating composition of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising one or more binders.

6. A method for improving the freeze-thaw stability of an aqueous coating composition comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion, the method comprising adding to the aqueous coating composition a compound of formula 1:

wherein R is₁、R₂And R₃Each independently is one of hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein R₄Is hydrogen, straight-chain, branched or cyclic having from 1 to 8 carbon atomsAlkyl, SO₃M or PO₃M, wherein M is sodium, potassium, ammonium, or an organic amine, wherein x has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein y has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein z has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein x + y + z is 3 to 20.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein 0.1 to 10 weight percent of formula 1 is added based on the weight of polymer dispersion solids.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to aqueous coating compositions and methods for improving the freeze-thaw stability of aqueous coating compositions.

Background

Manufacturers of paints and coatings are developing new latex binders that do not require the use of volatile solvents and coalescents in response to environmental regulations that limit the use of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). One of the major challenges in eliminating solvents in paint or coating formulations is related to the freeze-thaw stability of the formulation.

Due to the lack of temperature control, paints and coatings often undergo freeze-thaw cycles during storage and transportation. Under such conditions, the colloidal stability of the latex resin particles is compromised and may result in a change in the consistency of the paint or coating due to a drastic change in the viscosity of the formulation. This can result in paints or coatings that are not usable in many situations.

Solvents such as glycols have historically been used to protect paints and coatings from freeze-thaw stability problems. However, glycol solvents typically contain high levels of VOCs.

New additives are desired to improve freeze-thaw stability of paints and other coatings while reducing VOC content.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention provides additives for paints and other coatings that can improve the freeze-thaw stability of the paint/coating. In some embodiments, such additives may provide good coalescence and freeze-thaw protection for the paint/coating. In some embodiments, the VOC content of such additives is very low, even near zero.

In one aspect, the present invention provides an aqueous coating composition, such as a paint, comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion and a compound according to formula 1:

wherein R is₁、R₂And R₃Each independently is one of hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein R₄Is hydrogen, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, SO₃M or PO₃M, wherein M is sodium, potassium, ammonium or an organic amine, wherein x has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein y has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein z has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein x + y + z is 3 to 20, and wherein the coating composition comprises 0.1 to 10.0 wt% of the compound according to formula 1, based on the weight of the polymer dispersion solids.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for improving the freeze-thaw stability of an aqueous coating composition comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion, the method comprising adding to the aqueous coating composition a compound of formula 1:

wherein R is₁、R₂And R₃Each independently is one of hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein R₄Is hydrogen, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, SO₃M or PO₃M, wherein M is sodium, potassium, ammonium, or an organic amine, wherein x has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein y has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein z has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein x + y + z is 3 to 20. In some embodiments, 0.1 to 10.0 wt% of the compound according to formula 1 is added to the coating composition based on the weight of the polymer dispersion solids.

These and other embodiments are described in more detail in the detailed description.

Detailed Description

As used herein, "a," "an," "the," "at least one," and "one or more" are used interchangeably. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and variations thereof, when used in this specification and claims, are not to be taken in a limiting sense. Thus, for example, an aqueous composition comprising particles of "a" hydrophobic polymer may be interpreted to mean said composition comprising particles of "one or more" hydrophobic polymers.

Also, the recitation herein of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers subsumed within that range (e.g. 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, 5, etc.). For the purposes of this invention, it is to be understood that the numerical range is intended to include and support all possible subranges subsumed within the range, consistent with what one of ordinary skill in the art would understand. For example, a range from 1 to 100 is intended to convey a range from 1.01 to 100, from 1 to 99.99, from 1.01 to 99.99, from 40 to 60, from 1 to 55, and so forth.

Some embodiments of the present invention relate to aqueous coating compositions, such as paints or other coatings. In some embodiments, an aqueous coating composition comprises an aqueous polymer dispersion and a compound of formula 1:

wherein R is₁、R₂And R₃Each independently is one of hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein R₄Is hydrogen, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, SO₃M or PO₃M, wherein M is sodium, potassium, ammonium or an organic amine, wherein x has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein y has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein z has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein x + y + z is 3 to 20, and wherein the coating composition comprises 0.1 to 10.0 wt% of the compound according to formula 1, based on the weight of the polymer dispersion solids. In some embodiments, the coating composition comprises 0.2 to 5.0 wt% of the compound according to formula 1, based on the weight of the polymer dispersion solids. In some embodiments, the coating composition comprises 0.4 to 3.0 wt% of the compound according to formula 1, based on the weight of the polymer dispersion solids. In some embodiments, the compound has a molecular weight of 500 to 6000. In some embodiments, the coating composition further comprises a coalescing agent. In some embodiments, the coating composition further comprises a tack agentA mixture. In some embodiments, the aqueous polymer dispersion comprises an acrylic polymer.

Some embodiments of the present invention relate to methods for improving the freeze-thaw stability of an aqueous coating composition comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion, such as a paint or coating. In some embodiments, the method comprises adding a compound of formula 1 to an aqueous coating composition:

wherein R is₁、R₂And R₃Each independently is one of hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein R₄Is hydrogen, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, SO₃M or PO₃M, wherein M is sodium, potassium, ammonium, or an organic amine, wherein x has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein y has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein z has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein x + y + z is 3 to 20. In some embodiments, 0.1 to 10.0 wt% of the compound according to formula 1 is added to the coating composition based on the weight of the polymer dispersion solids. In some embodiments, 0.2 to 5.0 wt% of the compound according to formula 1 is added to the coating composition based on the weight of the polymer dispersion solids. In some embodiments, 0.4 to 3.0 wt% of the compound according to formula 1 is added to the coating composition based on the weight of the polymer dispersion solids. In some embodiments, the aqueous polymer dispersion comprises an acrylic polymer. In some embodiments, the coating composition comprises one or more coalescents and/or one or more binders.

The compounds of formula 1 to be used in the various embodiments of the present invention may be prepared as described in the examples section below. For example, pentaerythritol-initiated ethoxylates can be further alkoxylated by reacting them with butylene oxide. The reaction product obtained (compound of formula 1) may be purified according to methods known to those skilled in the art, such as by cooling and nitrogen purge.

The reaction may be carried out in a batch or continuous manner. As mentioned above, an alkaline catalyst such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide may be used to activate the reaction. The catalyst may be removed from the reaction mixture such that the reaction mixture is substantially free of catalyst, and in one embodiment of the invention, the catalyst is removed from the reaction mixture. In some embodiments, the catalyst is neutralized in the reaction mixture by the addition of an acid such as phosphoric acid or acetic acid.

The compound of formula 1 has the following structure:

wherein R is₁、R₂And R₃Each independently is one of hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein R₄Is hydrogen, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, SO₃M or PO₃M, wherein M is sodium, potassium, ammonium, or an organic amine, wherein x has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein y has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein z has an average value of 0 to 10, wherein x + y + z is 3 to 20. In some embodiments of the compounds according to formula 1, the sum of the values of x is 5, the sum of the values of y is 12, z is 0, R₁Is hydrogen, R₂Is ethyl, and R₄Is hydrogen. In some embodiments of the compounds according to formula 1, the sum of the x values is 5, the sum of the y values is 8, z is 0, and R is₁、R₂And R₄Each is hydrogen. In some embodiments of the compounds according to formula 1, the sum of the values of x is 5, the sum of the values of y is 12, z is 0, R₁And R₂Each is hydrogen, and R₄Is PO₃And (4) Na. The compounds according to formula 1 used in some embodiments of the present invention have a molecular weight in the range of 500 to 6,000.

In one aspect, the compound of formula 1 may be added to an aqueous coating composition according to the method of the present invention to improve the freeze-thaw stability of the aqueous coating composition. Paint is an example of such an aqueous coating composition.

In one aspect of the invention, there is provided an aqueous coating composition comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion and 0.1 to 10.0 wt% of a compound of formula 1 as described herein, based on the weight of the polymer dispersion solids. In some embodiments, the aqueous coating composition comprises 0.2 to 5.0 wt% of a compound of formula 1 described herein, based on the weight of polymer dispersion solids. In some embodiments, the aqueous coating composition comprises 0.4 to 3.0 wt% of a compound of formula 1 described herein, based on the weight of polymer dispersion solids.

In some embodiments, the aqueous coating composition may further comprise one or more coalescents. "coalescent" refers to an ingredient that aids in film formation of aqueous polymer dispersions, particularly aqueous coating compositions that include a dispersion of a polymer in an aqueous medium, such as a polymer prepared by emulsion polymerization techniques. An indication that film formation is facilitated is a measurable decrease in the minimum film forming temperature ("MFFT") of a composition comprising the aqueous polymer dispersion by the addition of a coalescing agent. In other words, the MFFT value represents the efficiency of the coalescent for a given aqueous polymer dispersion; it is desirable to achieve the lowest possible MFFT with the least amount of coalescing agent. The MFFT of the aqueous coating compositions herein was measured using ASTM D2354 and a 5 mil MFFTbar, as described in the examples section.

In some embodiments, the aqueous coating composition of the present invention comprises 2 to 12 weight percent coalescent agent based on the weight of aqueous polymer dispersion solids. In some embodiments, the aqueous coating composition of the present invention comprises 6 to 8 weight percent coalescent agent based on the weight of aqueous polymer dispersion solids.

In some embodiments, the coalescing agent comprises at least one of: propylene glycol phenyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol n-butyl ether benzoate, tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether, 2, 4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, triethylene glycol bis-2-ethylhexanoate, and/or tributyl citrate. Such coalescents are available from The Dow Chemical Company (e.g., UCAR)^TMFilmer IBT), Istman chemical Company (Eastman chemical Company) (e.g., Eastman Optifilm Enhancer 400), and the like.

As described below, the compound of formula 1 and one or more coalescents may be provided as part of an aqueous coating composition. However, in some embodiments, compositions comprising a compound of formula 1 and one or more coalescing agents may be prepared as compositions, and such compositions may be provided to third parties. Such a third party may be, for example, the manufacturer of the aqueous coating composition, who may incorporate the composition comprising the compound of formula 1 and the coalescent agent into its coating composition. Accordingly, some embodiments of the present invention are directed to compositions comprising a compound of formula 1 and one or more coalescents.

With respect to the aqueous polymer dispersion that may be included in the aqueous coating composition of the present invention, the aqueous polymer dispersion may be a dispersion comprising a polymer, oligomer, prepolymer, or combination thereof in an aqueous medium. In some embodiments, the aqueous polymer dispersion forms a film upon evaporation of water, and it is not reactive. By "aqueous medium" is meant herein a medium comprising at least 50% by weight of water, based on the weight of the medium. The polymer, oligomer, prepolymer, or combination thereof in the aqueous polymer dispersion is often referred to as a binder. The choice of binder is not particularly critical and the binder may be selected from all types of binders known in the art including, for example, styrene-acrylic, all acrylic, vinyl acetate acrylic, ethylene vinyl acetate and vinyl acetate polymer binders, and mixtures of these and other chemicals. In some embodiments, the adhesive is an adhesive suitable for interior wall paint. In some embodiments, the adhesive is an adhesive suitable for exterior wall paint.

The average particle diameter of the polymer particles in the dispersion is not particularly critical and is advantageously from 40nm to 1000nm, preferably from 40nm to 300 nm. Particle size herein is the particle size as measured by Zetasizer Nano ZS from malverm Panalytical ltd.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes an aqueous coating composition comprising: (a) a polymeric binder; (b) optionally, a pigment; (c) water; (d) a compound of formula 1 as hereinbefore described; and (e) at least one coalescing agent as described above. In some embodiments, the present invention includes an aqueous coating composition comprising: (a) a polymeric binder; (b) optionally, a pigment; (c) water; (d) a compound of formula 1 as hereinbefore described; (e) at least one coalescing agent as described above; and one or more nonionic surfactants. Various embodiments of such aqueous coating compositions can be used in applications such as wall finishes, floor coatings, ceiling paints, exterior paints, and window frame coatings.

The aqueous coating compositions of the present invention can be prepared by techniques well known in the coating art. First, the pigment (if present) is subjected to high shear forces (e.g., by COWLES)^TMProvided by a mixer) is well dispersed in the aqueous medium, or a pre-dispersed colorant or mixture thereof is used. The aqueous polymer dispersion is then added with the compound of formula 1 described above, at least one coalescent agent, and other coating additives as needed under low shear agitation. In addition to the aqueous polymer dispersion and optional pigments, the aqueous coating composition may also include conventional coating adjuvants, such as extenders, emulsifiers, plasticizers, curing agents, buffers, neutralizing agents, rheology modifiers, surfactants, humectants, biocides, defoamers, UV absorbers, fluorescent brighteners, light and/or heat stabilizers, biocides, chelating agents, dispersants, colorants, waxes, and water repellents.

The pigment may be selected from a variety of materials known to those skilled in the coatings art, including, for example, organic and inorganic colored pigments. Examples of suitable pigments and extenders include titanium dioxide, such as anatase and rutile titanium dioxide; zinc oxide; antimony oxide; iron oxide; magnesium silicate; calcium carbonate; an aluminosilicate; silicon dioxide; various clays, such as kaolin and layered clays; and lead oxide. It is also envisaged that the aqueous coating composition may also contain opaque polymer particles, for example ROPAQUE^TMOpaque Polymers (available from Dow chemical Co.). Encapsulated or partially encapsulated opacifying pigment particles are also contemplated; and polymerization adsorbed or bound to the surface of pigments such as titanium dioxideSubstance or polymer emulsions, e.g. EVOQUE^TMPolymers (available from the dow chemical company); and hollow pigments, including pigments having one or more voids.

Titanium dioxide is the primary pigment used to achieve hiding power in architectural paints. Such pigments are expensive and in short supply. In the reduction of TiO₂One way to achieve hiding power while in amount is to include a multistage emulsion polymer, commonly referred to as an "opacifying polymer," which can increase the opacity of the paint film. These polymers are of high T_gFor example, particles polymerized using styrene as the main monomer. These particles fill with air and scatter light during film formation, thereby creating opacity.

The amount of pigment and extender in the aqueous coating composition varies between 0 and 85 Pigment Volume Concentration (PVC), thus other coatings described in the art are contemplated, for example as clear coatings, colorants, flat coatings, satin coatings, semi-gloss coatings, primers, textured coatings, and the like. The aqueous coating compositions herein expressly include architectural, maintenance and industrial coatings, caulks, sealants and adhesives. The pigment volume concentration is calculated by the following formula:

PVC (%) - (volume of pigment + volume of extender x 100)/(total dry volume of paint).

The solids content of the aqueous coating composition may be from 10% to 70% by volume. The viscosity of the aqueous coating composition can be from 50 centipoise to 50,000 centipoise as measured using a Brookfield viscometer (Brookfield viscometer); as known to those skilled in the art, the viscosity suitable for different methods of application varies greatly.

In use, the aqueous coating compositions are typically applied to substrates such as wood, metal, plastic, marine and civil engineering substrates, pre-painted or primed surfaces, weathered surfaces, and cementitious substrates such as concrete, mortar, and mortar. The aqueous coating composition can be applied to a substrate using conventional coating application methods (e.g., brush, roller, gap coater, roll coating, gravure roller, curtain coater, and spray coating methods, such as air atomized spray, air assisted spray, airless spray, high volume low pressure spray, and air assisted airless spray).

The aqueous coating composition may be allowed to dry at ambient conditions, for example, from 5 ℃ to 35 ℃ to provide a coating, or the coating may be dried at elevated temperatures, for example, from greater than 35 ℃ to 50 ℃.

Some embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail in the following examples.

Examples of the invention

The following examples are given to illustrate the invention and should not be construed as limiting its scope. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.

Synthesis of Compounds of formula 1

The compounds of formula 1 used in the examples of the present invention were prepared as follows.

560 grams of pentaerythritol ethoxylate (polyol 4640 available from The bestow Group) was preheated in an oven at 40 ℃ and then added to The stirred reactor while stirring at 250 rpm. 6 grams of potassium hydroxide (50% aqueous solution from Sigma Aldrich) was added to the reactor to serve as a catalyst.

Prior to the introduction of the alkylene oxide, a system pressure test is conducted. Nitrogen was introduced into the reactor, all valves were closed, and the pressure was monitored for 15 minutes. Pressure fluctuations of less than 70 mbar were observed for 15 minutes and were considered acceptable.

The water in the reactor was removed by stirring under vacuum at 50-60 ℃. The reactor was then heated to 120 ℃ and stirring was continued at 250 rpm.

A total of 460 grams of butylene oxide (available from the dow chemical company) was introduced into the reactor while the reactor was maintained at 120 ℃ and stirred at 250rpm, in such a way as to maintain the maximum reactor pressure below 4 bar. After the pressure in the reactor stabilized for more than 2 hours to indicate that the reaction was complete, the temperature was reduced to about 60 ℃, and then purged 3 times with nitrogen to remove all unreacted butylene oxide from the reactor to the scrubber system.

The reactor was cooled to 40 ℃ and 990 g of the reaction product comprising the compound of formula 1 was collected. The compounds of formula 1 have the following structure (designated formula 2), wherein the sum of the values of x is 5 and the sum of the values of y is 12:

the compound of formula 2 is an example of the compound of formula 1, wherein in the structure of formula 1, the sum of the values of x is 5, the sum of the values of y is 12, z is 0, R is₁Is hydrogen, R₂Is ethyl and R4 is hydrogen. For purposes of the following examples, the compound of formula 2 is referred to as a "freeze-thaw stabilizer of the invention" or a "F-T stabilizer of the invention".

For evaluation, the F-T stabilizers of the present invention were compared to a tristyrylphenol-initiated ethoxylate stabilizer (Rhodoline FT-100 available from Solvay), referred to herein as a "comparative F-T stabilizer". Another popular freeze-thaw stabilizer, propylene glycol, was considered but not evaluated; because of its low boiling point, it cannot be a good candidate for low VOC architectural paint formulations.

Minimum film formation temperature

The Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) of the inventive F-T stabilizer was measured and compared to a comparative F-T stabilizer and a popular coalescent UCAR^TMThe minimum film formation temperatures of Filmer IBT (Dow chemical Co.) were compared. Evaluation of these Compounds for reduction of styrene-acrylic based Adhesives (PRIMAL)^TMDC-420) minimum film forming temperature.

MFFT is measured according to ASTM D2354. MFFT-Bar.90 was used for MFFT testing in the temperature range of-10 to 90 ℃. The indicated samples were placed on a bar and then the samples were drawn down using a 75 μm draw down bar. After 2 hours of standing in the instrument, the film was visually inspected (visual MFFT) and then the tape was manually pulled off the rod to observe mechanical failure of the film (mechanical MFFT). The results are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

As shown in Table 1, the F-T stabilizer of the present invention helps to reduce the MFFT of the adhesive from 34.0 ℃ to 19.7 ℃. Very significantly, when using the F-T stabilizers of the present invention, UCAR can be prepared^TMThe amount of Filmer IBT coalescent was reduced from 5 wt% to 4 wt%, while achieving a MFFT below 6 ℃. In contrast, the comparative F-T stabilizers did not reduce the amount of coalescing agent, so 5 wt% coalescing agent was still required to achieve a MFFT of about 7 ℃. Thus, reducing the amount of coalescent agent using the F-T stabilizer of the present invention can help to minimize VOC content of aqueous coating compositions such as architectural paints.

Preparation of paint formulations

Three paint formulations (types of aqueous coating compositions) were prepared to evaluate the performance of the inventive F-T stabilizers relative to a comparative F-T stabilizer. Pigment volume concentrations ("PVC") of paint formulations vary from 40% to 80%. In addition, two of these formulations are used for interior architectural paints and one formulation is used for exterior architectural paints. These three formulations are provided in tables 2-4 below. Freeze-thaw stabilizer (F-T stabilizer) is an F-T stabilizer of the present invention for use in the coating composition of the present invention, and a comparative F-T stabilizer for use in a comparative coating composition.

TABLE 2

(interior construction paint-40% PVC)

TABLE 3

(exterior architectural paints-60% PVC)

TABLE 4

(interior construction paint-80% PVC)

Each of the coating compositions of the present invention and the comparative coating compositions was prepared as follows. Water was added to a 2 liter stainless steel tank, followed by the addition of the specified thickener and pH adjuster. The mixture was stirred by a dispersion plate at about 450rpm, and the mixture gradually thickened. The dispersant, wetting agent and defoamer (in the order described) were then added to the tank and the mixture was continuously stirred for 10 minutes. Titanium dioxide and fillers (e.g., calcined kaolin, calcium carbonate and/or talc) are then added to the mixture while gradually increasing the dispersion speed to 1800rpm with increasing viscosity. This mixture was kept dispersed for 30 minutes or more until no particles larger than 50 μm in size were observed to ensure homogeneity of the mixture. Tables 2-4 show the amounts shown in a single coating composition. Since the mixture prepared according to the procedure described in this paragraph was divided into three approximately equal volumes prior to addition of the letdown components, the amount shown in tables 2-4 for preparing this mixture needed to be increased by a factor of three in order to prepare the coating composition. In other words, the procedure was used to prepare three samples of the specified coating composition.

The mixture was divided into three approximately equal volumes. The dispersion plate was changed to a stirrer, and then the mixture was stirred at 1800 rpm. The specified binder, coalescing agent, biocide and thickener (in the order described) were then added to each part. The stirring speed was then gradually reduced to 700-800rpm as the viscosity decreased. The mixture was stirred at 700 and 800rpm for about 10 minutes. The specified freeze-thaw stabilizer was then added to each mixture and the mixture was stirred at 1800rpm for 10 minutes.

Freeze thaw stability

The freeze-thaw stability of the interior architectural paints of tables 2 and 4 was measured according to GB/T-9268-. The paint samples were placed in a-5 ℃ (± 2 ℃) freezer for 18 hours. The paint samples were then removed and allowed to stand at room temperature for 6 hours. This procedure was repeated three cycles for each paint sample. The samples were manually sheared by stirring 100 times with a spatula and the viscosity (Krebs Unit or KU) was measured after the 3 rd or 5 th cycle. These coating compositions have a target KU of 95-105, so if the KU of the coating composition is outside this range after overnight, the KU can be adjusted by adding water or thickener prior to testing. The results of this test are shown in tables 5 and 6. Table 5 provides the results for interior architectural paints (made from coating compositions according to table 2) at 40% PVC, and table 6 provides the results for interior architectural paints (made from coating compositions according to table 4) at 80% PVC.

TABLE 5

TABLE 6

Table 5 shows that the freeze-thaw stability at 40% PVC of the coating composition of the invention (made with the F-T stabilizer of the invention) is better than the comparative coating composition (made with the comparative F-T stabilizer) after 3 cycles. Table 6 shows that the freeze-thaw stability at 80% PVC of the coating composition of the invention (made with the F-T stabilizer of the invention) is again superior to the comparative coating composition (made with the comparative F-T stabilizer) after 3 cycles. Tables 5 and 6 show that the F-T stabilizers of the present invention provide slightly better freeze-thaw stability of aqueous coating compositions than the comparative F-T stabilizers in both low PVC and high PVC paint formulations.

Scrub resistance

The scrub resistance of the coating composition was also evaluated. Scrub resistance is a combination of the densification and chalking resistance of a paint layer. Scrub resistance was measured using ASTM test method D2486-74A. Paint scratch cards were made on black vinyl scrub color cards (black vinyl scrub chart) with a 150 micron film applicator. The color cards were dried at 23 ℃ (± 2 ℃) and 50% relative humidity (+ -5%) for 7 days. The color chip is placed on a scrub machine and scrubbed using SC-2 type abrasive scrub media. The first cut and punch through (cut through) cycle was recorded.

Scrub resistance of the inventive F-T stabilizers was compared to comparative F-T stabilizers. In addition, although propylene glycol cannot be an ideal candidate for low VOC architectural paint formulations due to its low boiling point, propylene glycol is another popular freeze-thaw stabilizer and its scrub resistance is also evaluated. Table 7 provides the results for interior architectural paints (made from coating compositions according to table 2) at 40% PVC, where the number of rubs is the average after 2 measurements. Comparative coating composition 2 is a coating composition according to table 2 prepared using propylene glycol as a freeze-thaw stabilizer.

TABLE 7

	Coating composition of the invention	Comparative coating compositions	Comparative coating composition 2
				Number of rubs a	494	464	481
Percentage of Properties%	106.5％	100％	103.5％

Table 7 clearly shows that the inventive F-T stabilizer improves scrub resistance compared to both the comparative F-T stabilizer and propylene glycol.

Stability in thermal storage

The long term storage stability of paints made using the F-T stabilizers of the present invention was also evaluated. To evaluate the thermal storage stability, the paints were placed in an oven at 50 ℃ for 10-14 days. The appearance of the paint was checked. In addition, the viscosity was measured.

Table 8 provides viscosity measurements (krebs units or KU) of interior architectural paints (made from coating compositions according to table 3) at 60% PVC for coating compositions of the present invention made with a F-T stabilizer of the present invention and for comparative coating compositions made with a comparative F-T stabilizer.

TABLE 8

Table 8 shows that the Δ KU values of both coating compositions are less than 5 after 11 days of storage at 50 ℃, confirming that both have good thermal storage stability.

In addition, when the two coating compositions were removed from the oven, a significant water exudation (separation of the water layer) was clearly observed in the upper part of the paint in the case of the comparative coating compositions. Significantly less water bleed is observed in the coating compositions of the present invention. This observation may indicate that the coating composition of the present invention has good dispersibility and strong interaction with the filler and binder particles in the coating composition, thereby improving paint stability.

The above results show that the inventive F-T stabilizer can advantageously be a competitive high performance freeze-thaw stabilizer free of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) in low VOC architectural paints.