阅读说明：本技术 一种广西莪术的杂交方法 (Hybridization method of curcuma kwangsiensis ) 是由 张施君 曾凤 盛爱武 冯欣 刘晓洲 刘念 于 2020-07-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种广西莪术的杂交方法。它包括水培开花、去雄和柱头处理和花粉处理和授粉。本发明首创广西莪术的水培杂交方法,节约土地资源,提高了空间利用率；解决了田间杂交受花期限制的问题；配制的水培营养液能够缩短果实发育期,提高结实率,柱头刺激液能够延长柱头的可授时间。本发明为广西莪术杂交育种提供技术基础,对丰富广西莪术的种质资源意义重大,并为开创其它姜科植物的水培杂交技术提供借鉴意义。(The invention discloses a hybridization method of curcuma kwangsiensis. It includes hydroponic flowering, emasculation and stigma treatment and pollen treatment and pollination. The invention initiates a water culture hybridization method of curcuma kwangsiensis, saves land resources and improves the space utilization rate; the problem that the field hybridization is limited by the flowering phase is solved; the prepared water culture nutrient solution can shorten the fruit development period, improve the fructification rate, and prolong the allowable time of stigma by the stigma stimulation solution. The invention provides a technical basis for Guangxi curcuma zedoary crossbreeding, has great significance for enriching germplasm resources of Guangxi curcuma zedoary and provides reference significance for developing water culture crossbreeding technologies of other zingiberaceae plants.)

1. A hybridization method of Curcuma kwangsiensis is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a. water culture and blooming:

selecting a parent and a parent from curcuma kwangsiensis or a variety and a variety thereof, selecting the parent and the parent which accord with the breeding target character, placing the rhizome of the parent and the parent in a culture chamber, carrying out water culture until inflorescences grow on the rhizome, wherein the culture solution of the water culture is an improved Hoagland nutrient solution, and is prepared by adding 50-100mg/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid and 20-30mg/L of glutathione in the Hoagland nutrient solution;

b. detasseling and stigma treatment

Shearing anther of the female parent after the small flower blooms to castrate, and coating stigma stimulating liquid on the stigma of the female parent by using a writing brush, wherein the stigma stimulating liquid is melatonin aqueous solution with the concentration of 10-20 mg/L;

c. pollen handling and pollination

Collecting pollen of male parent, pollinating the head of female parent treated by stigma stimulating liquid, ripening and cracking fruit, and collecting seed.

2. The hybridization method according to claim 1, wherein said inflorescence is grown from a hydroponic culture to a root stock under the following conditions: water culture is carried out for 20-25 days until inflorescence grows on the rhizome, the temperature is 30 +/-1 ℃, the relative humidity is 70-80 percent, the illumination intensity is 2000-.

3. The hybridization method according to claim 1, wherein the pollen collected from the male parent is scraped by tweezers, bamboo sticks or dissecting needles, and the pollen collected from the male parent is smeared on the female parent by cotton sticks, brush brushes or pollination pens.

4. The hybridization method according to claim 1, wherein said Curcuma kwangsiensis or its variants and varieties are Curcuma kwangsiensis (Curcuma kwangsiensis), Curcuma longa (Curcuma kwangsiensis var. nanlingensis), Curcuma agate cinnamomi (Curcuma kwangsiensis 'Manao') and Curcuma kwangsiensis (Curcuma kwangsiensis var. nanlingensis 'xiangis').

The technical field is as follows:

the invention belongs to the field of plant crossbreeding, and particularly relates to a method for hybridizing curcuma kwangsiensis.

Background art:

curcuma kwangsiensis (Curcuma kwangsiensis) is a perennial herb of Curcuma of Zingiberaceae, is distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan and other places in China, and is a multipurpose plant resource integrating medicinal and ornamental values. The plant height is about 0.5m, developed underground rootstock is provided, leaves are in an elliptical shape and are in a needle shape, spike-shaped inflorescence is in a cylindrical shape, dense bracts are arranged on the upper surface, bracts at the base part are light green, bracts at the upper part are purple red, and the flowering period is 4-9 months. The rhizome and the expanded root tuber of the Guangxi zedoary can be used for medicine, the rhizome is one of traditional Chinese medicine zedoary, is one of the medicinal materials in the Guangxi field, and the root tuber is called as the Gui Yu jin and has the effects of promoting qi circulation, relieving depression, removing blood stasis and relieving pain (Zeng Song Jun, etc., 2003). Guangxi zedoary has high ornamental value and can be used as a flower and a leaf, because the rhizome is developed, bulbous flowers can be classified in the flower classification, the Guangxi zedoary is a good material for arranging potted plants and gardens, the inflorescence stems are long and hard, the inflorescence is compact and gorgeous, and the Guangxi zedoary is also suitable for being used as a fresh cut flower material (Gaojiang Yun, etc., 2006).

The breeding work of the Guangxi rhizoma zedoariae is promoted by the market demand for the resource of the Guangxi rhizoma zedoariae, and the varieties reported at present comprise the south green rhizoma zedoariae (Curcuma kwangsiensis var. nanlingensis) (Ma Yan Xiao et al, 2009), the agate rhizoma zedoariae (Curcuma kwangsiensis 'Manao') (Shengaiwu et al, 2012), the Xiangxue south green rhizoma zedoariae (Curcuma kwangsiensis var. nanlingsis 'Xiangning') (Shengaiwu et al, 2012) and the like. The curcuma kwangsiensis is an insect-borne plant, has a special flower structure, is not easy to pollinate under natural conditions, and has low natural fruiting rate. The artificial hybridization is an important way for promoting the breeding work of the curcuma kwangsiensis, no report is made on the hybridization of the curcuma kwangsiensis at present, and the development of the hybridization technical research can provide technical support for enriching the germplasm resources of the curcuma kwangsiensis, improving the variation frequency and directionally culturing a new variety of the curcuma kwangsiensis which has high economic value and meets the market requirement.

Traditional field hybridization is limited by natural florescence, and is also influenced by climate and environment, so that the breeding efficiency is severely limited. The artificial climate chamber is used for hybridization, and the interference and limitation caused by the change of field climate and season can be overcome by regulating and controlling the environmental conditions. The artificial climate chamber can use soil or substrate to cultivate breeding plants and can also use a water culture hybridization method, the water culture hybridization does not need soil or culture substrate, the management cost of substrate preparation, disinfection, plowing, improvement and the like is saved, and the labor intensity is reduced. The cultivation of the cut and harvested field barley ears in Gem GuZhong (1979) in greenhouse water culture and hybridization, and Wang Qing bin et al (1997) reported the cultivation and hybridization of cut flower branches of poplar. The inventor utilizes the water culture cut flower branch hybridization of the curcuma kwangsiensis, the phenomenon that fruits do not bear or young fruits do not swell is generated, hybrid seeds cannot be obtained, and the water culture hybridization of the cut flower branches is not suitable for the hybridization of the curcuma kwangsiensis. The development of an efficient hybridization method is to promote the breeding work of the curcuma kwangsiensis, accelerate the cultivation of new hybrid species of the curcuma kwangsiensis and promote the development of the curcuma kwangsiensis industry to be solved urgently.

At present, no Guangxi zedoary hybridization technology is reported, and no related patent application is available.

Reference documents:

gaojiang cloud, Xia Yongmei, Huangjiayuan, Li Qingjun 2006, flowers of Zingiberaceae China, Beijing, science publishing house.

Guo Zhonghen 1979. hydroponics, plant journal, 2:47.

Ma Xiao Yan, Zhou Wei and Liu Di, 2009, Guangdong Curcuma, a new variety, south Ling Zedoariae, ZhongCao agricultural engineering college, 22(3), 15-16.

Shengaiwu, Liu Mian, Zhang Shijun, Ye Zhu, Yi Cai Xia, hu Xiu, lan Xia.2012, the new variety of Guangxi E.C.' Agate Gui E.C. gardening academic newspaper, 39(7): 1419-.

Shengaiwu, Liu Mian, Zhang Shijun, Ye Zhu, Yi Cai Xia, Huxiu, Fa Yan Nu 2012, new species of ornamental flowers, Xiang Cheng nan Ling E Zhu, gardening bulletin, 39(11): 2335-.

Wang Qing bin, Wu Xinmin, Wei, Zhang Xiaosen, Jiang Yanlong. 1997, discussion of poplar hydroponic hybridization breeding technology, proceedings of the university academy of peony Jiang 1:9-10.

Great song monarch, handsome, liu monilia, fan hamming, square rigor 2003. ginger order flowers, Beijing, China forestry publishing house.

The invention content is as follows:

the invention aims to provide a hybridization method of curcuma kwangsiensis, which can shorten the fruit development period, improve the seed setting rate and prolong the pollination time.

The hybridization method of the curcuma kwangsiensis of the invention comprises the following steps:

a. water culture and blooming:

selecting a parent and a parent from curcuma kwangsiensis or a variety and a variety thereof, selecting the parent and the parent which accord with the breeding target character, placing the rhizome of the parent and the parent in a culture chamber, carrying out water culture until inflorescences grow on the rhizome, wherein the culture solution of the water culture is an improved Hoagland nutrient solution, and is prepared by adding 50-100mg/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid and 20-30mg/L of glutathione in the Hoagland nutrient solution;

b. detasseling and stigma treatment

Shearing anther of the female parent after the small flower blooms to castrate, and coating stigma stimulating liquid on the stigma of the female parent by using a writing brush, wherein the stigma stimulating liquid is melatonin aqueous solution with the concentration of 10-20 mg/L;

c. pollen handling and pollination

Collecting pollen of male parent, pollinating the head of female parent treated by stigma stimulating liquid, ripening and cracking fruit, and collecting seed.

Preferably, the inflorescence grows from the root to the water culture condition: water culture is carried out for 20-25 days until inflorescence grows on the rhizome, the temperature is 30 +/-1 ℃, the relative humidity is 70-80 percent, the illumination intensity is 2000-.

The pollen of the male parent is collected by scraping with tweezers or bamboo sticks or dissecting needles, and the pollen of the male parent is collected by pollinating, namely dipping the pollen on the female parent stigmas with cotton sticks or brush brushes, brushes or pollinating pens.

The Guangxi rhizoma Curcumae or its variant and variety are Guangxi rhizoma Curcumae (Curcuma kwangsiensis), Nanling rhizoma Curcumae (Curcuma kwangsiensis var. nanlingensis), Agaric rhizoma Curcumae (Curcuma kwangsiensis 'Manao') and Guangling rhizoma Curcumae (Curcuma kwangsiensis var. nanlingensis 'Xianging').

The invention discloses an artificial hybridization method of curcuma kwangsiensis in a culture room water culture environment for the first time, which has the advantages that:

1、

a. one or more plants can be placed in one water culture vessel, the plants can be cultured by pure nutrient solution, or substrates such as sand or ceramsite and the like can be placed at the bottom of the vessel to help to fix the plants, and the nutrient solution is added once a week to keep the liquid level to 1/3-2/3 of the rhizome. The water culture density is 10-30 plants/m²Is more than 10 times of the field cultivation density.

b. The number ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: 5 to 1: 10, the pollen collecting amount can meet the requirement of female parent pollination.

c. One culture room can contain one or more female parents, preferably one male parent; if a plurality of male parents are placed in the same culture room, the male parents are separated by gauze to avoid the powder contamination.

Therefore, the management cost of soil preparation, disinfection, plowing, improvement and the like can be saved, the labor intensity is reduced, the land resource is saved, the space utilization rate is improved by water culture, and the problem that field hybridization is limited by the flowering phase is solved; realizes closed and standardized management on hybridization environments such as light, temperature and the like, and has higher controllability than field breeding.

2. The improved Hoagland nutrient solution is added with gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutathione, so that fruit setting can be promoted. Compared with the hybridization effect of the Hoagland nutrient solution, the improved Hoagland nutrient solution shortens the fruit development time and obviously improves the fruit setting rate.

3. The application of the stigma stimulating liquid containing melatonin on the stigma helps to keep the activity of the stigma, prolongs the granting time of the stigma, and the granting time of the stigma can reach 12 hours.

Therefore, the method provides a technical basis for the crossbreeding of the curcuma kwangsiensis, has great significance for enriching germplasm resources of the curcuma kwangsiensis, and provides reference significance for developing a water culture crossbreeding technology of other zingiberaceae plants.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.