阅读说明：本技术 一种固定水稻杂种优势的方法 (Method for fixing rice heterosis ) 是由 吴烽 于 2020-07-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种固定水稻杂种优势的方法,杂种优势的杂交种成熟后,收割稻谷时截留稻谷的禾蔸。禾蔸能够保留优势杂交种的杂种优势。禾蔸经保温、种植后分蘖。按照水稻种植的常规方法种植禾蔸分蘖的秧苗,直至秧苗发育成熟。成熟的秧苗即为杂种第一代。杂种第一代成熟后收割时继续保留禾蔸,禾蔸仍保留优势杂交种的杂种优势。继续保留的禾蔸作为种质再次分蘖为秧苗,直至作为种质的禾蔸不再保留杂种优势。本发明提供的固定水稻杂种优势的方法采用禾蔸育苗,能够有效保留原有优势杂交种的杂种优势,而且出苗早、秧苗壮,有利于提早构成丰产苗架,提高水稻产量和品质。由于不是用种子育苗,因而能够节约生产成本,减少种子库存积压,提高经济效益。(The present invention provides a method for fixing rice heterosis, after the hybrid seeds with heterosis are mature, when the rice is harvested, the stump of rice can be retained. The stump can keep the heterosis of the dominant hybrid. The roots of plants are tillered after heat preservation and planting. And planting the seedling with the stump tillering according to the conventional method for planting the rice until the seedling is mature. The mature seedling is the first generation of hybrid. The stump is kept when the first generation of the hybrid is mature and harvested, and the hybrid vigor of the dominant hybrid is still kept. And the stump continuously kept as the germplasm is tillered again to be the seedling until the stump as the germplasm no longer keeps the heterosis. The method for fixing the rice heterosis provided by the invention adopts the stump seedling raising, can effectively retain the heterosis of the original heterosis hybrid, has early seedling emergence and strong seedlings, is favorable for forming a high-yield seedling frame in advance and improves the yield and the quality of rice. Because the seeds are not used for raising seedlings, the production cost can be saved, the overstocked seeds can be reduced, and the economic benefit can be improved.)

1. A method of fixing rice heterosis, comprising:

planting rice dominant hybrid seeds;

after the rice dominant hybrid is matured into rice, harvesting the rice and intercepting the roots and stems of the rice;

covering a greenhouse on the stump of the grass, and enabling the temperature in the greenhouse to be higher than 0 ℃;

preparing soil after tillering the stumps, transplanting seedlings by using the tillered stumps, and cultivating a first hybrid generation;

and after the first generation of the hybrid is mature, continuing to intercept the stump, and planting the stump as a seed until the vigor of the stump is degraded.

2. The method for fixing rice heterosis according to claim 1, wherein the method for breeding a rice dominant hybrid comprises:

selecting female parent and male parent with excellent rice character;

respectively cultivating the female parent and the male parent in independent spaces;

during the flowering period, warm water at 45 ℃ is used for soaking the stamens of the female parent, and pollen in the stamens of the male parent is granted on the pistils of the female parent;

after the pollen is awarded, the rice after the female parent is developed and matured is rice dominant hybrid.

3. The method for fixing rice heterosis according to claim 1, wherein the intercepting of the rice stump comprises: when the rice is harvested, harvesting the rice in the same mud or reserving latent buds with the stumps of less than 5 cm.

4. The method for fixing rice heterosis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the covering of the stump with a greenhouse comprises: transplanting the stumps according to the density of 800-1200 stumps/mu, and covering the greenhouse with the transplanted stumps.

5. The method for fixing rice heterosis according to claim 4, wherein the stump transplantation density is 1000 stumps/mu.

6. The method for fixing rice heterosis according to claim 4, wherein the stump is transplanted by using a cotton transplanter.

7. The method for fixing rice heterosis according to claim 1, wherein the post-tillering soil preparation of the stump comprises:

during tillering of the stump of the grass, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 12-30 ℃, keeping the soil moist, and applying fertilizer properly;

when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 30 ℃, uncovering the film of the greenhouse and hardening the seedlings;

and (5) arranging the field during seedling hardening.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a method for fixing rice heterosis.

Background

Rice is one of the main food crops in China. The rice varieties are various and can be divided into indica rice, japonica rice, early rice, middle and late rice, glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice. According to different types of rice, the rice produced by the rice can be used for brewing wine, making sugar, being used as an industrial raw material and the like besides being eaten. Because of the wide application of rice products, rice breeding is particularly important. In the sixties of the last century, rice has realized the revolution of changing high stems into short stems, and the yield of grain crops is greatly improved. The achievements achieved by breeding in this historical period are attributed to the first "green revolution".

With the development of the rice planting industry, hybrid rice gradually becomes the dominant variety for rice planting. The hybrid rice is a rice variety obtained by hybridizing two rice varieties which have certain genetic differences and excellent properties and are complementary. The hybrid rice has obvious heterosis, and is mainly characterized by vigorous growth, developed root system, more ears and big grains, strong stress resistance and the like. The hybrid rice at present includes three-line rice and two-line rice. The hybrid rice can improve the yield per unit of rice, thereby improving the living standard of people. Like the first green revolution, the second green revolution is the habitual name of hybrid rice planting.

In recent years, apomixis, parthenogenesis, has become the research direction of many scholars. Parthenogenesis is that sperm cells and egg cells of hybrid plants are not fused in an ovary fusion process, but parthenogenesis is used for forming embryos, so that the problems of propagation and hybrid vigor fixation are solved. The research has not been successful at home and abroad at present. In order to solve the problem of narrow matching range caused by the 'recovery and protection relationship limit' of hybrid rice, the problem of seed reproduction risk caused by 'complex reproduction procedure', the problem of high empty-hull rate under the condition of the convenience caused by 'sterile malignant transmission', the fact that a path of apomixis is cannot be passed, the possibility of the path of clonal reproduction is feasible, before history, a plurality of crops such as sugarcane, potato, garlic and the like are propagated by seeds, and at present, the high-yield and high-quality rice can be propagated by the clonal reproduction, people expect a new technology which is mainly based on a clonal mode and can solve the three problems of the hybrid rice to be generated, and people expect a 'green revolution' on the rice cultivation history.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for fixing rice heterosis, which solves the problem that the heterosis of the existing hybrid rice is reserved by continuously updating the seeds of the hybrid rice.

The invention provides a method for fixing rice heterosis, which comprises the following steps:

s01: and (5) planting rice dominant hybrid.

The rice hybrid with heterosis can be directly purchased and reserved with rice seeds with heterosis or directly planted by adopting male parents and female parents. When the male parent and the female parent are adopted for planting, the female parent and the male parent with excellent characters are selected, and the homozygous female parent and the homozygous male parent are preferably selected, so that the offspring after the female parent and the male parent are hybridized can keep the excellent characters of the female parent and the male parent. The selected female parent and the selected male parent are respectively cultured in independent spaces to avoid the phenomenon of pollen transmission between the female parent and the male parent. After the female parent and the male parent grow to the pollen stage, the stamens of the female parent are soaked in warm water at 45 ℃ until the stamens of the female parent are killed. The soaking time was about 5 minutes. Anthers in the stamens of the male parents are collected, and pollen of the anthers in the stamens is scattered on the stigmas of the female parents so that the stigmas of the female parents receive the pollen in the stamens of the male parents. The female parent flower pillar naturally grows and develops after receiving pollen until the female parent flower pillar is mature into rice. The rice fruit is the rice dominant hybrid.

In the year of cultivating the rice dominant hybrid, planting the rice dominant hybrid in a greenhouse so as to ensure that the rice dominant hybrid can live through the winter.

S02: and harvesting the rice after the rice dominant hybrid is matured into the rice, and intercepting the roots and stems of the rice.

The rice dominant hybrid after overwintering is harvested after 4 months of seedling transplanting, 9 months of ear sprouting and 10 months of maturity in the next year. The harvested fruits are the rice. When the rice is harvested, the whole rice seedling is not completely pulled out, but partial rootstocks are remained in the soil. The residual rhizome is the stump. When the stump is trapped, rice seedlings can be cut along the surface of silt in the soil or latent buds with the stump being less than 5cm are reserved.

S03: and covering the stump of the grass on a greenhouse, and enabling the temperature in the greenhouse to be higher than 0 ℃.

Because the latent bud on the stump is buried in the soil and is fixed by the soil, the stump has stronger cold-resistant self-growing capability. However, in order to improve the tillering effect, the latent buds on the stumps of the rice need to be ensured not to be frozen, so that the cut stumps of the rice cover the greenhouse, and the temperature in the greenhouse is ensured to be higher than 0 ℃.

In order to facilitate the planting of the seedlings with tillered roots on the land and the arrangement of the land, the intercepted roots of rice need to be transplanted to corners and close to each other to free the land. In order to ensure the maximum utilization of land and the maximum volume production of rice, 1 million roots of seedlings need to be transplanted in each mu of field. Because each stump shoots about 20 seedlings, and every time two seedlings are transplanted, the stump needs to be collected according to the density of 800-1200 stumps/mu when the stump is transplanted. Preferably, the stumps are collected according to the density of 1000 stumps/mu. Because the land is hardened, a seedling transplanting device is needed for transplanting in order to protect the lower buds on the stumps from being damaged. Preferably, the stump is transplanted by a cotton seedling transplanting device. The stump transplanted to the corner of the field also needs to be covered with a greenhouse so as to be convenient for maintaining the stump.

S04: and (3) preparing soil after tillering the stump, transplanting rice seedlings by using the tillered stump, and cultivating the first generation of hybrid.

After the stumps are over-wintered in the greenhouse, the light illumination is changed from short to long, the latent buds complete the photoperiod reaction, and then the stumps are tillered into seedlings. After the stems of the plants are tillered into seedlings, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 12-30 ℃, and the soil is kept moist. Meanwhile, the fertilizer is applied properly according to the growth condition of the seedlings. When the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 30 ℃, the film of the greenhouse is uncovered, so that the seedlings are exercised and are adapted to the local external environment. After field sizing, the tillered seedlings are transplanted or mechanically transplanted in the field. The seedlings were planted according to the normal method of rice planting, which was the first generation of hybrids.

S05: and after the first generation of the hybrid is mature, continuing to intercept the stump, and planting the stump as a seed until the vigor of the stump is degraded.

And harvesting rice after the first generation of the hybrid is mature, and intercepting the stump again on the basis of the first generation of the hybrid, wherein the stump can be used as germplasm. And planting the stump as the germplasm again, and repeating the steps until the dominance of the stump is degraded or the market, the environment and the like are changed. If the dominance of the stump of grass is degraded or the market, environment, etc. are changed, the female parent and the male parent need to be reselected or the hybrid with dominance needs to be reselected.

The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can have the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides a method for fixing rice heterosis, which comprises the following steps: planting rice dominant hybrid seeds; after the rice dominant hybrid is matured into rice, harvesting the rice and intercepting the roots and stems of the rice; covering a greenhouse on the stump of the grass, and enabling the temperature in the greenhouse to be higher than 0 ℃; preparing soil after tillering the stumps, transplanting seedlings by using the tillered stumps, and cultivating a first hybrid generation; and after the first generation of the hybrid is mature, continuing to intercept the stump, and planting the stump as a seed until the vigor of the stump is degraded. In the method for fixing rice heterosis provided by the invention, after the hybrid seeds with heterosis are mature, rice is harvested, and the stump of the rice is retained. The rice stump keeps the heterosis of the rice dominant hybrid. Covering the stump with a greenhouse to tillere the stump into seedlings. Seedlings with stump tillers are planted in the prepared field. And (4) planting the seedlings according to the conventional method for planting the rice until the seedlings are mature. The mature seedling is the first generation of hybrid. The stump is kept when the first generation of the hybrid is mature and harvested, and the hybrid vigor of the rice vigor hybrid is still kept. And (3) tillering the continuously kept stump as the germplasm into the seedling again until the stump as the germplasm no longer keeps the heterosis, namely the vigor of the stump as the germplasm is degraded.

The method for fixing the rice heterosis provided by the invention adopts the latent bud seedling on the stump of rice, can effectively retain the heterosis of the original rice heterosis hybrid, and further fixes the rice heterosis. Meanwhile, the seedling of the roots of the seedlings of the roots of the plants is positioned early, the roots of the plants are developed, and the plants are stored before overwintering, so that the seedlings are early and strong, a high-yield seedling frame is formed in advance, and the yield and the quality of the rice are improved. Because the seed is not used for raising seedlings, the conventional breeding and seed production procedure of the hybrid rice seeds is omitted, and the rice planting area cannot be reduced due to the failure of the seeds. In addition, the adoption of the seedling raising of the stump can also reduce the economic loss caused by the stock backlog of the seeds, and the phenomena of seedling rotting and bud rotting caused by old seeds, inferior seeds or mildew of the seeds can not occur. Because the seeds are not used for raising seedlings, the production cost can be saved, and the economic benefit is improved.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for fixing rice heterosis according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the invention, as detailed in the appended claims.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for fixing rice heterosis according to an embodiment of the present invention. The following description of the specific embodiments is based on fig. 1.