阅读说明：本技术 一种预防反刍动物泡沫型瘤胃胀气日粮及其制备方法 (Daily ration for preventing foam rumen flatulence of ruminants and preparation method thereof ) 是由 甘伟 任小松 兰松安 江晓波 任小春 张雄修 唐荣英 余慧涵 张中华 于 2020-08-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及反刍动物饲料技术领域,公开了一种预防反刍动物泡沫型瘤胃胀气日粮,各组分按重量份数计,包括玉米25份～30份,麦麸5份～10份,饼粕饲料15份～25份,燕麦草10份～25份,苎麻20份～35份,无机添加物1.3份～2.0份,预混料0.5份～2份,植物皮渣5份～10份。还公开了其制备方法,包括如下步骤：将玉米、麦麸、饼粕饲料、植物皮渣经超微粉碎、高压蒸煮后得到第一组分物；将第一组分物与燕麦草、苎麻、无机添加物、预混料混合得到第二组分物。本发明的日粮富含膳食纤维、蛋白质、糖类以及供反刍动物生产所需的微量元素,能够抑制瘤胃中微生物对日粮的营养物质的损耗,进而抑制瘤胃中甲烷的产生。(The invention relates to the technical field of ruminant feed, and discloses a daily ration for preventing foam rumen flatulence of ruminants, which comprises, by weight, 25-30 parts of corn, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 15-25 parts of cake feed, 10-25 parts of oat grass, 20-35 parts of ramie, 1.3-2.0 parts of an inorganic additive, 0.5-2 parts of a premix and 5-10 parts of plant skin residue. Also discloses a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following steps: carrying out superfine grinding and high-pressure cooking on corn, wheat bran, cake feed and plant peel residue to obtain a first component; mixing the first component with herba Avenae Fatuae, Ramie, inorganic additive, and premix to obtain second component. The daily ration is rich in dietary fiber, protein, sugar and trace elements required by ruminant production, and can inhibit the loss of microorganisms in rumen to the nutrient substances of the daily ration, thereby inhibiting the generation of methane in rumen.)

1. The daily ration for preventing foam type rumen flatulence of ruminants is characterized by comprising, by weight, 25-30 parts of corn, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 15-25 parts of cake feed, 10-25 parts of oat grass, 20-35 parts of ramie, 1.3-2.0 parts of an inorganic additive, 0.5-2 parts of a premix and 5-10 parts of plant skin residue.

2. The daily ration for preventing foam type rumen bloating of ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the daily ration comprises, by weight, 25-28 parts of corn, 5-8 parts of wheat bran, 18-25 parts of cake feed, 10-20 parts of oat grass, 20-30 parts of ramie, 1.5-1.8 parts of inorganic additives, 0.5-1 part of premix and 5-8 parts of plant skin residue.

3. The foamed rumen flatulence daily ration for preventing ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the plant skin pomace comprises at least one of tartary buckwheat shell pomace, apple skin pomace, potato pomace or bamboo shoot shells.

4. The daily ration for preventing foam rumen bloating of ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the cake feed comprises 8-10 parts of soybean meal, 3-6 parts of rapeseed meal and 1-3 parts of cottonseed meal.

5. The foamed rumen flatulence prevention daily ration for ruminants as claimed in claim 3, wherein the inorganic additives comprise 0.1-0.2 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.06-0.12 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.6 parts of sodium chloride and 0.8-1.5 parts of baking soda.

6. The foamed rumen flatulence prevention daily ration for ruminants according to claim 3, further comprising 0.01 to 0.03 parts of polysaccharase.

7. A method for preparing the foamed rumen flatulence prevention daily ration for ruminants according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:

s1 micronizing and steaming semen Maydis, testa Tritici, cake fodder, and plant skin residue under high pressure to obtain a first component;

s2 mixing the first component with herba Avenae Fatuae, Ramie, inorganic additives, and premix to obtain second component.

8. The method for preparing the foam-type rumen flatulence prevention daily ration for ruminants according to claim 7, wherein polysaccharidase is added to S2.

9. The method for preparing the foamed rumen flatulence prevention daily ration for ruminants according to claim 7, wherein in S1, the superfine grinding particle size is 100-200 meshes.

10. The method for preparing the foamed rumen flatulence prevention daily ration for ruminants according to claim 7, wherein in S1, the pressure of high-pressure cooking is 80MPa to 150MPa, and the time is 10min to 20 min.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ruminant feed, and particularly relates to a foam rumen flatulence prevention daily ration for a ruminant and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Rumen bloating is caused by the accumulation of excess gas in the rumen of ruminants. Gas is a normal byproduct of microbial fermentation in the rumen. Generally, most fermentation gases are eliminated from the rumen by belching. Belching is a complex series of muscular contraction processes that cause gas in the rumen to be squeezed from the rumen to the cardia and eventually released out of the body through the esophagus. Rumen bloating occurs if normal contraction of the rumen is inhibited or movement of free gas through the cardia or esophagus is impeded. Rumen bloating can be divided into two types: no gas type flatulence and foam type flatulence.

More than 90% of tumor stomach flatulence of cattle and sheep in the growing and fattening period belongs to foam flatulence. Generally, gas in the rumen forms bubbles in rumen contents, the bubbles can be separated from rumen fluid and feed particles, then the bubbles rise to a rumen knapsack through the rumen contents, the bubbles release the gas after being broken, and the gas is gathered in the knapsack to a certain amount and then is discharged out of the body through eructation. However, when cattle and sheep feed a high grain ration, particularly from a low grain ration to a high grain ration, or feed legumes such as alfalfa, clover, etc. in large quantities, the rumen content forms a foam dispersion that includes gas, liquid and feed particles. The formation of a large, stable foam dispersion can result in the failure of normal rumen gas flow and discharge, resulting in flatulence. Saponin, soluble protein and soluble polysaccharide contained in plants such as alfalfa, and mucopolysaccharide produced by rumen microbial fermentation are key substances for promoting the formation of foam dispersion and maintaining the stability of the foam dispersion. The left abdomen of cattle and sheep with rumen foam type flatulence is rapidly distended, the tail is shaken and kicked, the waist is stood to lift the tail, dysphoria, ingestion and rumination stop, shortness of breath and asthma are promoted, and the mouth is opened and the tongue is stretched. If the foam type rumen flatulence is found to be timely treated by technologies such as foam elimination and rumen puncture, the fatality rate of the foam type rumen flatulence is not high, but the time from the onset of disease, treatment to rehabilitation is at least 15 days, the production performance of animals is extremely remarkably reduced in the period, and farmers suffer serious economic losses.

Except for using antibiotics such as monensin, the existing technology can only treat but cannot effectively prevent the occurrence of the foam type rumen flatulence. After antibiotics are prohibited from being used in feeds in China, a daily ration formula technology capable of effectively preventing foam rumen flatulence of cattle and sheep is very needed in production.

The patent publication No. CN109907166A discloses a feed composition for reducing the discharge of methane and ammonia gas in the intestinal tract of ruminants, a preparation method and a feeding method thereof, the patent discloses a feed composition taking ramie as one of raw materials, the ramie can provide active substances for enhancing the immunity of animals, and the ramie is rich in amino acids and tannin and can promote the absorption of nitrogen and inhibit the generation of methane. The material rich in high protein and carbohydrate passes through the rumen, while tannin can partially protect protein, part of protein is degraded into small molecular substances by microorganisms in the rumen, and the small molecular substances are utilized by the microorganisms in the rumen to produce hydrogen, so that methane is generated.

In view of this, it is very important to research and develop a daily ration composition for reducing the degradation and absorption of nutrients by the rumen of ruminants.

Disclosure of Invention

Through a large number of researches, the problem of rumen flatulence of the ruminant existing at present can be solved by adding the ramie and the plant skin residues into the daily ration for the ruminant, and the daily ration is rich in dietary fibers, proteins, sugars and trace elements required by the production of the ruminant, so that the loss of microorganisms in the rumen to nutrient substances of the daily ration can be inhibited, and further the generation of methane in the rumen is inhibited.

Therefore, the first purpose of the invention is to provide the foam type rumen flatulence prevention daily ration for the ruminants, which comprises, by weight, 25-30 parts of corn, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 15-25 parts of cake feed, 10-25 parts of oat grass, 20-35 parts of ramie, 1.3-2.0 parts of inorganic additives, 0.5-2 parts of premix and 5-10 parts of plant skin residues.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the daily ration for preventing foam rumen flatulence of ruminants, which comprises the following steps:

s1 micronizing and steaming semen Maydis, testa Tritici, cake fodder, and plant skin residue under high pressure to obtain a first component;

s2 mixing the first component with herba Avenae Fatuae, Ramie, inorganic additives, and premix to obtain second component.

The daily ration composition is rich in dietary fiber, protein, sugar and trace elements required by ruminant production, and can inhibit the loss of microorganisms in rumen to the nutrient substances of daily ration, thereby inhibiting the generation of methane in rumen.

(1) The plant skin residue is selected, the plant skin residue is rich in vitamins, nutrient elements required for growth, flavonoid compounds and dietary fibers, the growth of ruminants is facilitated, meanwhile, the dietary fibers can also protect protein and carbohydrate substances, the degradation of the protein and the carbohydrate substances by rumen microorganisms is reduced, the degradation degree of the protein and the carbohydrate substances is reduced, further, the generation of methane is reduced, and the flavone has certain physiological activity, is not only beneficial to the growth of the ruminants, but also plays a role in bacteriostasis, and can inhibit methanogens in rumen from utilizing nutrient substances in daily ration. (2) The cake feed is selected and rich in dietary fiber, protein and trace elements, high protein is beneficial to growth of ruminants, the cake feed and the plant peel residue are rich in the dietary fiber, intestinal peristalsis during rumen digestion is facilitated, gas in rumen is accelerated to be discharged, rumen flatulence is avoided, the content of the dietary fiber in the rumen in a certain proportion is kept, the ruminant behaviors of the ruminants such as cattle and sheep can be effectively promoted, the cattle and sheep can secrete a large amount of saliva in the process of retrogradation, and the cattle and sheep saliva contains bSP30 protein components which have the effect of inhibiting rumen foam from being generated. (3) The ramie is selected, the nutrition of the ramie is rich, the crude protein content is about 20%, the neutral washing fiber and the acid washing fiber have moderate content, the ramie does not contain saponin, the saponin can promote the generation of foam in rumen fluid, and the ramie contains tannin which can be combined with protein to protect the protein, thereby reducing the generation of gas. (4) The feed additive selects corn, wheat bran, oat grass, inorganic additives and premix, can meet the living needs of ruminants, and can enhance the absorption of nutrient substances of the daily feed. (5) The superfine grinding of the corn, the wheat bran, the cake meal feed and the plant skin residue can partially denature protein, cross-linking is generated among polypeptide chains, the activity of the protein is reduced, the content of soluble dietary fibers in the dietary fibers is improved, the absorption of organisms is facilitated, meanwhile, the superfine grinding is also beneficial to the action among the protein, the polysaccharide and the dietary fibers, the protection of the protein and the polysaccharide is facilitated, and the daily ration is prevented from entering rumen and being degraded by microorganisms. (6) Then high-pressure cooking blasting is carried out, the crosslinking degree of protein, polysaccharide and dietary fiber is further enhanced, and the activity of the protein, polysaccharide and dietary fiber can be passivated.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

by adopting the daily ration composition, the requirements of growing and developing of the ruminants can be met, the digestion of the ruminants is facilitated, the time of the daily ration staying in the rumen can be reduced, the generation of gas such as methane can be reduced, simultaneously, the astringent taste generated by adding ramie can be neutralized, and the condition that the food intake of the ruminants is reduced is avoided.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

The invention provides a daily ration for preventing ruminant foam rumen flatulence, which comprises, by weight, 25-30 parts of corn, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 15-25 parts of cake feed, 10-25 parts of oat grass, 20-35 parts of ramie, 1.3-2.0 parts of an inorganic additive, 0.5-2 parts of a premix and 5-10 parts of plant skin residue.

The invention comprises the following components, by weight, 25-28 parts of corn, 5-8 parts of wheat bran, 18-25 parts of cake feed, 10-20 parts of oat grass, 20-30 parts of ramie, 1.5-1.8 parts of inorganic additives, 0.5-1 part of premix and 5-8 parts of plant skin residue.

In the invention, the plant peel residue comprises at least one of tartary buckwheat shell residue, apple peel residue, potato residue, hawthorn peel residue or bamboo shoot shell. The tartary buckwheat shell residues are rich in dietary fibers and tartary buckwheat flavonoids; the apple peel residue contains crude fiber, pectin and beneficial active flora; the potato residue contains cellulose, pectin and dietary fiber; the bamboo shoot shell has high protein content, high essential amino acid content and more bioactive substances.

In the invention, the cake meal feed comprises 8-10 parts of soybean meal, 3-6 parts of rapeseed meal and 1-3 parts of cottonseed meal.

In the invention, the inorganic additive comprises 0.1 to 0.2 portion of calcium carbonate, 0.06 to 0.12 portion of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 to 0.6 portion of sodium chloride and 0.8 to 1.5 portions of baking soda.

The present invention also includes 0.01-0.03 parts of polysaccharase. Viscous polysaccharides synthesized by rumen microorganisms, as well as soluble polysaccharides in feed, cause a significant increase in the viscosity of rumen fluid. The higher the viscosity of the liquid, the greater the stability of the foam produced. The polysaccharidase is an enzyme for catalyzing and decomposing polysaccharide into D-glucose, sufficient polysaccharidase is added into the daily ration, the viscous polysaccharide synthesized by soluble polysaccharide and rumen microorganisms in the feed can be decomposed into glucose, and the glucose is finally decomposed into volatile fatty acid by the rumen microorganisms, so that the viscosity of rumen fluid is reduced. After the viscosity of the rumen fluid is reduced, the produced foam is easy to break, the gas wrapped by the foam can be released out of the body through eructation, and the rumen flatulence can disappear.

The invention provides a preparation method of a daily ration for preventing foam rumen flatulence of ruminants, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1 micronizing and steaming semen Maydis, testa Tritici, cake fodder, and plant skin residue under high pressure to obtain a first component;

s2 mixing the first component with herba Avenae Fatuae, Ramie, inorganic additives, and premix to obtain second component.

In the present invention, polysaccharidase is added to S2.

In the present invention, in the step S1, the ultrafine pulverization is carried out at a pulverization particle size of 100 to 200 mesh, or 100 to 150 mesh, or 150 to 200 mesh.

In the invention, in the S1, the high-pressure cooking pressure is 80MPa to 150MPa, or 80MPa to 120MPa, or 80MPa to 100MPa, or 100MPa to 150MPa, or 100MPa to 120MPa, and the time is 10min to 20 min.