阅读说明：本技术 一种夹芯复合板材及其制备方法 (Sandwich composite board and preparation method thereof ) 是由 刘喜宗 张继承 董会娜 何凤霞 龚祥明 姚栋嘉 张东生 于 2020-07-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于复合板材制备技术领域,公开一种夹芯复合板材及其制备方法。由上到下包括上面板层、芯材层和下面板层；上面板层、下面板层为玻璃或纤维增强树脂基复合片；芯材层由气凝胶、树脂和可膨胀微球发泡剂组成。方法①：将树脂加热熔化,得浆料A,冷却,加入气凝胶和可膨胀微球发泡剂,混合均匀,得浆料B；将下面板层平铺放置,涂刷浆料B,接着铺设上面板层,热压成型即可。方法②：将气凝胶、树脂、可膨胀微球发泡剂混合均匀,得混合料A；将混合料A装入无纺布袋中密封,得芯材B；将下面板层平铺放置,平铺芯材B,接着铺设上面板层,热压成型即可。本发明制备的夹芯复合板材厚度可控、密度可控、良好的隔热隔音降噪效果、整体性良好。(The invention belongs to the technical field of composite board preparation, and discloses a sandwich composite board and a preparation method thereof. The composite plate comprises an upper plate layer, a core material layer and a lower plate layer from top to bottom; the upper plate layer and the lower plate layer are glass or fiber reinforced resin matrix composite sheets; the core material layer is composed of aerogel, resin and expandable microsphere foaming agent. The method comprises the following steps: heating and melting the resin to obtain slurry A, cooling, adding the aerogel and the expandable microsphere foaming agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain slurry B; and (4) laying the lower board layer flatly, coating the slurry B, laying the upper board layer, and performing hot press molding. The method II comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing aerogel, resin and an expandable microsphere foaming agent to obtain a mixture A; filling the mixture A into a non-woven fabric bag and sealing to obtain a core material B; and laying the lower board layer, laying the core material B, laying the upper board layer, and performing hot press molding. The sandwich composite board prepared by the invention has controllable thickness and density, good heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction effects and good integrity.)

1. A sandwich composite board is characterized in that: the composite board sequentially comprises an upper board layer, a core material layer and a lower board layer from top to bottom, wherein the upper board layer and the core material layer and the lower board layer and the core material layer are integrally formed; the upper plate layer and the lower plate layer are glass or fiber reinforced resin matrix composite sheets; the core material layer comprises, by mass, 30-70 parts of aerogel, 10-35 parts of resin and 2-4 parts of expandable microsphere foaming agent.

2. The sandwich composite panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the glass is toughened glass, semi-toughened glass, ultra-white glass, float glass, coated glass or film-coated glass.

3. The sandwich composite panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fiber in the fiber reinforced resin-based composite sheet is glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber or aramid fiber, and the resin is unsaturated polyester, vinyl resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, polycarbonate resin, polyamide resin or phenolic resin.

4. The sandwich composite panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aerogel is silicon dioxide aerogel, alumina aerogel, titanium dioxide aerogel or zirconium dioxide aerogel.

5. The sandwich composite panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the resin in the core material layer is a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin.

6. The sandwich composite panel according to claim 5, characterized in that: the thermosetting resin is one of phenolic resin, urea resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated resin, polyurethane and polyimide; the thermoplastic resin is one of polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polycarbonate resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polystyrene resin, polyamide resin, polyformaldehyde resin, polyphenyl ether resin and polysulfone resin.

7. The sandwich composite panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size of the expandable microsphere foaming agent is 10-50 mu m.

8. A method for the preparation of the sandwich composite sheet material according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the steps are as follows:

(1) adding the resin in the core material layer into a container, heating at the temperature of 110-160 ℃ to melt the resin to obtain slurry A, and then standing and cooling the slurry A to the temperature of 25-70 ℃;

(2) adding aerogel and expandable microsphere foaming agent into the slurry A obtained in the step (1), and uniformly mixing to obtain slurry B;

(3) laying the lower plate layer flatly, uniformly coating the slurry B obtained in the step (2) on the lower plate layer, and laying the upper plate layer on the slurry B to obtain a sandwich composite layer;

(4) and (4) carrying out hot press molding on the sandwich composite layer obtained in the step (3) to obtain the sandwich composite board.

9. A method for the preparation of the sandwich composite sheet material according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the steps are as follows:

(1) adding aerogel, resin and expandable microsphere foaming agent into a container according to the composition of the core material layer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture A;

(2) filling the mixture A in the step (1) into a non-woven fabric bag, and sealing the bag to obtain a core material B;

(3) Laying the lower plate layer flatly, uniformly laying the core material B obtained in the step (2) on the lower plate layer, and laying the upper plate layer on the core material B to obtain a sandwich composite layer;

(4) and (4) carrying out hot press molding on the sandwich composite layer obtained in the step (3) to obtain the sandwich composite board.

10. The process for the preparation of the sandwich composite sheet material according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: in the step (4), the temperature of the hot-press molding is 100-180 ℃, the pressure is 2-5MPa, and the time is 30min-8 h.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of composite board preparation, and particularly relates to a sandwich composite board and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the gradual improvement of living standard of people and the higher and higher requirement on indoor decoration, composite boards made of various materials are more and more popularized in the indoor decoration and widely applied to doors and indoor walls. However, the overall price of the composite board meeting the application requirements is still high at present, and the comprehensive performances of firmness, compression resistance, impact resistance, heat insulation, noise reduction and the like are not completely mature. The composite board produced at present mostly adopts the forming mode of sandwich board, through passing through glue with outside sheet layer and sandwich material and bonding, then carry out hot pressing and dry, cut again and polish, the painting shaping at last, the condition such as fracture, layering appear easily after using a period of time in this kind of panel, and give sound insulation and fall the noise, heat preservation performance does not satisfy actual application requirement, consequently has also restricted the popularization of composite board in building, decoration trade to a certain extent.

Noise pollution is acknowledged as the third most public nuisance of the current society, the noise sources are more and more, the noise has influence on the development of the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the digestive system, the immune system and even the fetus of the human body, the indoor pollution becomes one of the noise problems which are widely concerned at present, the country sets up relevant noise standards for different areas such as habitation, business and industrial areas, higher requirements are put forward for the building and decorative materials of houses, how to realize the noise reduction of the building decoration industry through the updating and upgrading of new materials becomes the hotspot of the current research and development, and the composite board which has good integrity and good heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction is designed, and is expected to realize the application development in the industries such as building, decoration and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sandwich composite board and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a sandwich composite board comprises an upper board layer, a core material layer and a lower board layer from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the upper board layer and the core material layer, and the lower board layer and the core material layer are integrally formed; the upper plate layer and the lower plate layer are glass or fiber reinforced resin matrix composite sheets; the core material layer comprises, by mass, 30-70 parts of aerogel, 10-35 parts of resin and 2-4 parts of expandable microsphere foaming agent.

Preferably, the glass is tempered glass, semi-tempered glass, ultra-white glass, float glass, coated glass or film-coated glass.

Preferably, the fiber in the fiber reinforced resin-based composite sheet is glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber or aramid fiber, and the resin is unsaturated polyester, vinyl resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, polycarbonate resin, polyamide resin or phenolic resin. The fiber reinforced resin matrix composite sheet can be obtained by commercial products or prepared according to the prior art.

Preferably, the aerogel is a silica aerogel, an alumina aerogel, a titania aerogel or a zirconia aerogel.

Preferably, the resin in the core layer is a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin.

Preferably, the thermosetting resin is one of phenolic resin, urea resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated resin, polyurethane and polyimide; the thermoplastic resin is one of polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polycarbonate resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polystyrene resin, polyamide resin, polyformaldehyde resin, polyphenyl ether resin and polysulfone resin.

Preferably, the particle size of the expandable microsphere foaming agent is 10-50 μm.

The invention provides a preparation method of two sandwich composite boards, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps:

(1) adding the resin in the core material layer into a container, heating at the temperature of 110-160 ℃ to melt the resin to obtain slurry A, and then standing and cooling the slurry A to the temperature of 25-70 ℃;

(2) adding aerogel and expandable microsphere foaming agent into the slurry A obtained in the step (1), and uniformly mixing to obtain slurry B;

(3) laying the lower plate layer flatly, uniformly coating the slurry B obtained in the step (2) on the lower plate layer, and laying the upper plate layer on the slurry B to obtain a sandwich composite layer;

(4) And (4) carrying out hot press molding on the sandwich composite layer obtained in the step (3) to obtain the sandwich composite board.

The method II comprises the following steps:

(1) adding aerogel, resin and expandable microsphere foaming agent into a container according to the composition of the core material layer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture A;

(2) filling the mixture A in the step (1) into a non-woven fabric bag, and sealing the bag to obtain a core material B;

(3) laying the lower plate layer flatly, uniformly laying the core material B obtained in the step (2) on the lower plate layer, and laying the upper plate layer on the core material B to obtain a sandwich composite layer;

(4) and (4) carrying out hot press molding on the sandwich composite layer obtained in the step (3) to obtain the sandwich composite board.

Preferably, in the step (4) of the first method and the second method, the temperature of the hot press molding is 100 ℃ and 180 ℃, the pressure is 2-5MPa, and the time is 30min-8 h.

Has the advantages that:

(1) the sandwich composite board prepared by the invention has thickness controllability: plates with different thickness requirements can be prepared by regulating the coating thickness of the slurry B or regulating the amount of the mixture A in the non-woven fabric bag;

(2) the sandwich composite board prepared by the invention has the density controllability: the density of the board can be obviously reduced by adding the expandable microsphere foaming agent, and the controllability of the density of the board can be realized by adjusting the adding amount of the expandable microsphere foaming agent;

(3) The sandwich composite board prepared by the invention has good integrity: the sandwich panel is obtained through hot-press integrated molding, if the upper and lower panel layers are fiber reinforced resin matrix composite sheets, the fiber reinforced resin matrix composite sheets and the core material layer can be integrally cured and molded under the hot-press condition, and the interlayer bonding condition is good; if the upper and lower panel layers are glass layers, the upper and lower panel layers can be partially softened and connected with the resin of the core material layer in a melting way under the hot-pressing condition, so that the good integrity between the layers is ensured, and the layering and falling-off of the layers in the use process are avoided; in addition, the mixture A is put into a non-woven fabric bag and then is subjected to hot press molding, so that the situations of powder falling and corner damage caused by the fact that the mixture A is directly placed between an upper plate layer and a lower plate layer in the hot press molding process are avoided, and the integrity of the product is also ensured;

(4) the sandwich composite board prepared by the invention has good heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction effects: according to the foam material, aerogel and an expandable microsphere foaming agent are used as sandwich structures, and the obtained foam has certain heat and sound insulation characteristics due to the porous characteristic of the expandable microsphere foaming agent after foaming, and the heat insulation performance of the foam material can be maintained after the foam material is compounded with the aerogel;

(5) The sandwich composite board prepared by the invention has good heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction characteristics, meets the increasingly developed social requirements, and can be widely applied to industries such as buildings, decorations and the like.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that the following examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.