Method for preventing ship from toppling, turning, buckling and sinking
阅读说明：本技术 使船舶不倾倒不翻扣不沉没的方法 (Method for preventing ship from toppling, turning, buckling and sinking ) 是由 荆孝仁 于 2019-04-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种使船舶不倾倒不翻扣不沉没的方法,它包括浮力层单元、间隔层单元和配重层单元,其特征在于：在船体的最底部设有配重层单元7,紧接着向上设有间隔层单元6,再紧接着向上设有浮力层单元5。设有上述各种单元结构的船舶就可彻底根除如同现有船舶能倾倒、翻扣、沉没的构成条件,使其能在水面上抵御风浪等外力的侵袭和撞击,即使外面的水已进入船内,整个船体仍然不会倾倒、翻扣或者沉没,仍旧会如以往一样的漂浮在水面上,从而保障了船上人员的生命及财产安全。(The invention discloses a method for preventing a ship from toppling, turning, buckling and sinking, which comprises a buoyancy layer unit, a spacer layer unit and a counterweight layer unit, and is characterized in that: the bottommost part of the ship body is provided with a counterweight layer unit 7, a spacer layer unit 6 is arranged upwards next, and a buoyancy layer unit 5 is arranged upwards next. The ship with the unit structures can thoroughly eliminate the forming conditions of toppling, turning and buckling and sinking of the existing ship, so that the ship can resist the invasion and impact of external force such as wind and waves on the water surface, and even if outside water enters the ship, the whole ship body still cannot topple, turn and buckle or sink and still floats on the water surface as before, thereby ensuring the safety of life and property of personnel on the ship.)
1. A method for preventing a ship from toppling, turning, buckling and sinking comprises a weight layer unit, a spacer layer unit and a buoyancy layer unit, and is characterized in that: the lower end in the ship body (1) is provided with a counterweight layer unit (7), the upper end of the unit is provided with a bottom cross beam (10), the two ends of the beam are respectively connected with a left vertical beam and a right vertical beam (12), the middle of the beam is connected with two middle vertical beams (11) extending into the bottom of the counterweight layer unit (7), the middle of each of the two vertical beams is connected with a middle layer cross beam (9), the upper end of each vertical beam is connected with an upper cross beam (8), an upper deck (3) is arranged on the two cross beams (8), a middle layer deck (4) is arranged on the middle cross beam (9), a buoyancy layer unit (5) is arranged between the upper deck (3) and the middle layer deck (4) and a sealing plate (14), a spacer layer unit (6) is arranged between the lower surface of the middle deck (4) and the upper surface of the counterweight layer unit (7), and the.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 0.005 m to 50 m.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 0.1 meter to 50 meters.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 0.2-50 m.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 0.3-50 m.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 0.4-50 m.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 0.5-50 m.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 0.6 to 50 meters.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 0.7-50 m.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 1-50 m.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method, in particular to a method for preventing a ship from toppling, turning over and sinking.
Background
The ship body of the ship is designed and built from ancient times to present, the capability of resisting damages such as weather and the like on the water surface is not changed, and basically the same way as manufacturing a wash basin and placing the wash basin on the water surface, wherein the basin opening faces to the sky, and the wash basin can float on the water surface without excessive water entering the basin. But also has no other capability of resisting any other security damage. Thus, such vessels can be worried about a number of things. The first concern is that the water enters the cabin and the ship body naturally sinks to the 'full army submergence' after entering a certain amount. The second worry is that the ship body inclines, namely the ship body rotates to 90 degrees under the action of external force such as wind, wave, impact and the like, namely the side faces face upward, and then the ship body can rapidly roll to a turndown state with the bottom facing upward along with the force. The above accidents have been proved by countless occurrences in korea, china, and the like: the speed of continuous rolling is high when the ship body inclines to the side face and faces the sky, and 90% of people on the ship are difficult to escape and cause a bad nightmare.
Disclosure of Invention
The method aims to provide a method for preventing a ship from toppling, turning over, buckling and sinking, and overcomes the defect that the existing ship can topple, turn over and buckle or sink.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for preventing a ship from toppling, turning, buckling and sinking comprises a weight layer unit, a spacer layer unit and a buoyancy layer unit, and is characterized in that: the lower end in the ship body (1) is provided with a counterweight layer unit (7), the upper end of the unit is provided with a bottom cross beam (10), the two ends of the beam are respectively connected with a left vertical beam and a right vertical beam (12), the middle of the beam is connected with two middle vertical beams (11) extending into the bottom of the counterweight layer unit (7), the middle of each of the two vertical beams is connected with a middle layer cross beam (9), the upper end of each vertical beam is connected with an upper cross beam (8), an upper deck (3) is arranged on the two cross beams (8), a middle layer deck (4) is arranged on the middle cross beam (9), a buoyancy layer unit (5) is arranged between the upper deck (3) and the middle layer deck (4) and a sealing plate (14), a spacer layer unit (6) is arranged between the lower surface of the middle deck (4) and the upper surface of the counterweight layer unit (7), and the.
The method for preventing the ship from toppling, turning over and sinking is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 0.005 m to 50 m.
The method for preventing the ship from toppling, turning over and sinking is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 0.1 meter to 50 meters.
The method for preventing the ship from toppling, turning over and sinking is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 0.2-50 m.
The method for preventing the ship from toppling, turning over and sinking is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 0.3-50 m.
The method for preventing the ship from toppling, turning over and sinking is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 0.4-50 m.
The method for preventing the ship from toppling, turning over and sinking is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 0.5-50 m.
The method for preventing the ship from toppling, turning over and sinking is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 0.6 to 50 meters.
The ship which is not toppled, turned and buckled and sunk is characterized in that: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 0.7-50 m.
The method for preventing the ship from toppling, turning over and sinking is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 1-50 m.
Compared with the prior art, the method can ensure that the ship does not topple, turn over and sink, and overcomes the defects that the existing ship can topple, turn over and sink, so that the existing ship cannot be compared.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the shape of a ship body
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the cross section of the ship body
Detailed Description
As shown in the figure: fig. 1 is a ship body shape 1, fig. 2 is a cabin hatch, fig. 3 is an upper deck, fig. 4 is a middle deck, fig. 5 is a buoyancy layer unit, fig. 6 is a spacer layer unit, fig. 7 is a counterweight layer unit, fig. 8 is an upper beam, fig. 9 is a middle beam, fig. 10 is a bottom beam, fig. 11 is two middle vertical beams, fig. 12 is a left and right end vertical beam, fig. 13 is a ship body shell, and fig. 14 is a left and right sealing plate.
Location and name description of the vessel
The upper side of the buoyant layer unit is called deck, the lowest end of the hull, also the counterweight layer unit, is called keel. From the keel floor to the deck is referred to as the side elevation of the vessel. The line outside the hull that contacts the horizontal is called the waterline.
Manufacturing of the hull of the ship
The materials, the manufacturing technology and the process for manufacturing the ship are the same as those of the prior art. The three parts, namely the buoyancy layer unit, the spacer layer unit and the counterweight layer unit, are clearly distinguished in the interior of the ship.
Second, about the manufacture of the buoyancy layer unit
As shown in the figure: the buoyancy layer unit can be manufactured into a sealed independent space isolated from the outside by the ship body, and also can be manufactured into a plurality of or more independent sealed bodies to finally form the required buoyancy layer unit. The advantage of such a buoyancy layer element consisting of a plurality of small individual sealing bodies is that: in a plurality of or partial small independent sealing bodies, other sealing bodies which are not damaged can still play a role of buoyancy after being damaged due to collision and the like, so that the ship which has been accidentally collided still floats on the water surface, the function can be played, and the space of the buoyancy layer unit can be filled with buoyancy materials such as plastic foam and the like.
Thirdly, regarding the spacer layer unit:
the bay layer unit is a part of the hull shell, other configurations are not needed, and the large interior can be used as a cabin and a room for loading goods.
And fourthly, selecting a weight material and manufacturing the weight layer unit.
The counterweight material can be concrete or sand, stone, metal and other materials.
The weight layer unit is manufactured by filling the materials into the keel.
The weight of the weight layer unit can not be less than the sum of the self weight of the ship body and the maximum load at least.
Description of the layer units
Firstly, the buoyancy layer unit has the functions of: namely, the buoyancy layer unit plays a role of bearing the ship to float on the water surface, and comprises the following components: the boat body is damaged and does not sink when water enters the cabin or is collided by accident, and the boat body still floats on the water surface.
Secondly, the function of the spacer layer unit: the spacer layer unit is used for separating the buoyancy layer unit from the counterweight layer unit, namely, the two upper units and the lower units are arranged at a distance, the distance can increase the stability of the ship in water, namely, the ship can not topple over on the water surface and reduce the number of degrees of left-right swinging of the ship, and can not be turned over, the larger the spacing distance is, the smaller the swinging number of the ship is forced to be and the possibility of turning over is avoided, otherwise, the smaller the spacing distance is, the larger the swinging number of the ship is, and under the condition of small spacing distance, the smaller the weight of the counterweight is increased, the smaller the swinging number of the ship is, but the weight of the counterweight layer unit is required to be greatly increased, so that the burden is inevitably increased for the buoyancy layer unit.
The automatic balance valve for water level inside and outside the ship can be added below the waterline of the ship body, and the valve has the function that when accidental water inflow occurs in the cabin, the water level inside the ship is consistent with that outside the ship by opening the valve, and the water stops flowing mutually. The ship can also be made into internal and external water with the allowable water level, and the bidirectional automatic overflow port replaces a valve. The transverse and vertical beams in the ship shown in fig. 2 are the framework of the shape of the ship body and the bearing force, the lower parts of the two
Reference is now made to the schematic drawings
With the keel, also the weight layer unit: the upper part is 19 meters long, the lower part is 18 meters long, the average length is 18 meters, the height is 1.3 meters, the upper part is 2.2 meters wide, the lower part is 1 meter wide, and the average width is 1.5 meters.
The upper part of the spacer layer unit is 20 meters long, the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 19 meters long, the upper part of the spacer layer unit is 20 meters long, the height of the spacer layer unit is 2 meters, the upper part of the spacer layer unit is 5 meters wide, the lower part of the spacer layer unit is 2.2 meters wide, and the average width of the spacer layer unit is 3.
A buoyancy layer unit: the upper length is 22 meters, the lower length is 20 meters, the average length is 20 meters, the height is 2 meters, the upper width is 5.5 meters, the lower width is 5 meters, the average width is 5 meters, the height of the side surface of the ship is 5.3 meters, and various parameters of the ship, such as the dead weight, the load and the like, are calculated. The floating state on the water surface and various parameters when the water is unloaded. And when the ship is fully loaded, the state of the ship on the water surface and various parameters. And (3) occurrence of accidents: water enters the cabin or the ship encounters a collision accident, and the state and various parameters of the ship floating on the water surface.
The basis of calculation is as follows: 1 cubic meter of air is completely immersed in water, and can generate 1 ton of buoyancy and 1 cubic meter of water displacement, which can also be called 1 ton.
The dead weight of the ship: the 8mm thick steel plate for the ship is manufactured, the width of each deck is 5 m + (the height of the ship side is 5.3 m x2) + the width of each keel is 1 m, 16.6 m, the length of each keel is 20 m, 332 m x (60 kg per square), 19.92 t (20 t per square), 25 t of other frameworks is added, the weight of the ship is 45 t, and the load is 40 t.
The counterweight material is filled in the keel by concrete, the height of the filled keel is 1.3 m x (the upper width is 2.2 m, the lower width is 1 m), the length of the keel is 1.5 m, the length of the keel is 18 m, the counterweight is 35.1 cubic meter x (1 cubic meter of concrete is 2.4 ton), and the counterweight is 84.24 ton. Manufacturing of the buoyancy layer unit: the space of the buoyancy layer unit is filled with plastic foam and sealed with a
Buoyancy of the buoyant layer unit: 200 tons of buoyancy with the height of 2 meters, the width of 5 meters (upper 5.5 meters and lower 5 meters) and the length of 5 meters and the length of 20 meters (upper 22 meters and lower 20 meters)
Buoyancy of the bay level cell: the height is 2 meters, the width is 3 meters, the width is 2.2 meters, the upper part is 5 meters, the lower part is 2 meters, the width is 3 meters, the length is 20 meters, and the generated buoyancy is 120 tons.
Buoyancy of the weight layer unit: the height is 1.3 meters, the width is 1.5 meters, the width is 1.2 meters, the length is 18 meters, 35.1 cubic meters, and the generated buoyancy is 35 tons.
The buoyancy of the ship buoyancy layer unit is 200 tons, the buoyancy of the spacer layer unit is 120 tons, and the buoyancy of the counterweight layer unit is 35 tons, namely the total buoyancy is 355 tons. 355 ton buoyancy (the dead weight of the ship is 45 tons and the counterweight is 84 tons, 129 tons) is 226 tons of residual buoyancy. This is where the vessel is empty and floats at a water line at the water level which is near below the boundary line of the spacer layer units and the buoyancy layer units.
The full load state of the ship: that is, the weight of 129 tons plus full load is 40 tons, which is 169 tons, calculated by 170 tons. 355-170 tons-185 tons of residual buoyancy, which is the full load condition of the ship. The water surface waterline is located near the line of the boundary between the spacer layer unit and the buoyancy layer unit.
In case of accidental cabin water ingress inside the bay level cell: the outer 120 cubic meters of the spacer layer unit (36 square, thirty percent of the interior space already occupied by the hull, framework, cargo, etc.) is 84 cubic meters, i.e., the space inside the spacer layer unit that allows water ingress is 84 cubic meters. The 84 cubic meters of water is the space filled with air in the ship before being filled with water, namely, floating buoyancy exists in the water, the buoyancy is changed into gravity capable of sinking into the water after the water is filled, the upper plane of the water in the ship can be consistent with the plane of the water outside the ship due to the automatic overflow port, and the gravity of the water in the ship is naturally counteracted and is not increased. That is, 185 tons of buoyancy remain before the ship is fully loaded and the buoyancy of the ship is 101 tons, and the waterline is half of the buoyancy layer unit, namely the ship deck is one meter away from the water surface below the ship. If collision occurs, part of the buoyancy units are damaged, about 30 tons of buoyancy is lost, and 70 tons of buoyancy still remains, so that the ship with serious accidents can be guaranteed not to sink, namely the distance between the deck and the water surface is still more than 0.6 m.
Thereby not only ensuring that the lives of the crews are not greatly influenced, but also more reliably ensuring the life and property safety of the crews on the ship.
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