Hydrogel coiled material for pressing and removing toxic and harmful substances on hard surface
阅读说明：本技术 一种用于压制和清除硬质表面有毒有害物质的水凝胶卷材 (Hydrogel coiled material for pressing and removing toxic and harmful substances on hard surface ) 是由 郑启燕 向玉联 马桂珍 于 2019-04-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于压制和清除硬质表面有毒有害物质的水凝胶卷材,所述的水凝胶卷材由背衬层、支撑层和水凝胶层构成三层卷材结构。利用水凝胶的粘弹性,粘附放射性粉尘等固态粉末状有毒有害物质,利用水凝胶内部的网状交联结构,密封或吸收液态有毒有害物质。所述的水凝胶卷材应用范围广,界面适应性强,去污染清除率高,受环境(如温度、湿度)影响小,操作简便,作业效率高,适用于核化突发事件造成有毒有害物质泄漏后的应急处置。(The invention discloses a hydrogel coiled material for pressing and removing toxic and harmful substances on a hard surface. The viscoelastic property of the hydrogel is utilized to adhere solid powdery toxic and harmful substances such as radioactive dust, and the reticular cross-linked structure in the hydrogel is utilized to seal or absorb the liquid toxic and harmful substances. The hydrogel coiled material has the advantages of wide application range, strong interface adaptability, high decontamination rate, small influence of environment (such as temperature and humidity), simple operation and high operation efficiency, and is suitable for emergency disposal after toxic and harmful substances are leaked due to nuclear emergency.)
1. A hydrogel coiled material for pressing and removing toxic and harmful substances on a hard surface is characterized in that: the coiled material is of a three-layer coiled material structure consisting of a backing layer (1), a supporting layer (2) and a hydrogel layer (3); the back lining layer (1) is a hydrogel adhesion carrier, one side surface of the back lining layer is rough, a hydrogel layer (3) for adsorbing toxic and harmful substances is uniformly coated on the back lining layer, and the other side surface of the back lining layer is smooth, so that the hydrogel coiled material can be prevented from being adhered; a supporting layer (2) is arranged between the backing layer (1) and the hydrogel layer (3) and is used for enhancing the integral stripping property of the hydrogel; the hydrogel layer (3) is a decontamination material, and is formed by crosslinking one or more of sodium polyacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate and the like with a crosslinking agent.
2. A roll of hydrogel material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the back lining layer (1) is a PVC film, a PE film or fiber release paper.
3. A roll of hydrogel material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the supporting layer (2) is one of cotton gauze, chemical fiber gauze, blended gauze or mesh cloth thereof.
4. A roll of hydrogel material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the hydrogel layer (3) comprises, by weight, 0.5-10% of a polymer framework material, 10-30% of a viscosity regulator, 1-10% of a filler, 0.1-3% of a cross-linking agent, 0.1-2% of a water quality regulator and the balance of water;
the polymer framework material is one or a combination of sodium polyacrylate, partially hydrolyzed sodium polyacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol;
the viscosity regulator is glycerol;
the cross-linking agent is one or a combination of more of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, glycollic aluminum, aluminum hydroxide, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium bromide and boric acid;
the filler is one or two of diatomite, silica gel or nano titanium dioxide;
the water quality regulator is one or a mixture of more of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and disodium salt, citric acid and salt, benzoic acid and salt and the like.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of emergency disposal of nuclear and chemical emergencies, in particular to a hydrogel coiled material for pressing and removing hard surface radioactive dust or liquid chemical toxic and harmful substances.
Background
With the continuous development of the nuclear industry and the chemical industry, when accidents occur in the production, processing, storage, transportation, application and other occasions of radioactive sources or nuclear materials or chemical products, or nuclear terrorist attacks occur in public places with dense personnel (such as shopping malls, stations, subway stations, airports, residential quarters, schools and the like), radioactive substances or chemical toxic and harmful substances may be released into the environment, so that environmental pollution is caused, and personal safety is threatened.
There are various emergency disposal methods for toxic and harmful substances of different types and states. At present, the radioactive dust is mainly treated by a high-pressure water washing method, a soil shoveling method, a strippable film pressing decontamination method and the like. The method mainly adopted for pressing and removing the large-volume liquid chemical toxic and harmful substances comprises a cofferdam accommodation method, a silt coverage method, a chemical neutralization method and the like. The utility model discloses a chinese utility model patent "a be spread formula coiled material promptly for suppressing and clear away medium surface pollution dust" that grant publication number is CN 204183983U, the suppression of mainly used radioactive dust with clear away, the hot melt adhesive layer of the used material of adhesion dust is butyl rubber or rosin resin, its viscidity receives the temperature to influence greatly, needs heating device to heat in order to improve its viscidity to the hot melt adhesive layer during laying, and decontamination material needs the solidification before the recovery. In the prior art, the blocking mediums are all porous, so that the toxic and harmful substances cannot be effectively controlled to continuously diffuse into the environment, secondary pollution is caused, and subsequent damage is caused to people and the environment. Aiming at the requirements of rapid and efficient emergency disposal, a decontamination material which is simple and convenient to operate, high in removal efficiency and capable of rapidly and effectively pressing and removing toxic and harmful substances on a hard surface is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a hydrogel coiled material for pressing and removing toxic and harmful substances on a hard surface, which has the advantages of wide application range, high decontamination rate, simple and convenient laying and recovery, manual operation and mechanical operation, and is suitable for emergency disposal after toxic and harmful substances are leaked due to nuclear emergency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A hydrogel coiled material for pressing and removing toxic and harmful substances on a hard surface is characterized in that: the coiled material is of a three-layer coiled material structure consisting of a back lining layer, a supporting layer and a hydrogel layer; the back lining layer is a hydrogel adhesion carrier, one side surface of the back lining layer is rough, a hydrogel layer for adsorbing toxic and harmful substances is uniformly coated on the back lining layer, and the other side surface of the back lining layer is smooth, so that the hydrogel coiled material can be prevented from being adhered; a supporting layer is arranged between the back lining layer and the hydrogel layer and is used for enhancing the integral stripping property of the hydrogel; the hydrogel layer is a decontamination material, and the main components of the hydrogel layer are one or more of sodium polyacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate and the like, and the hydrogel layer is formed by crosslinking with a crosslinking agent. Utilizing the viscoelasticity of the hydrogel to adhere solid powdery toxic and harmful substances such as radioactive dust and the like attached to the surface and in the superficial pores to the hydrogel layer; the reticular cross-linked structure in the hydrogel is utilized to seal or absorb the liquid toxic and harmful substances, block and prevent the volatilization and diffusion of the toxic and harmful substances.
Further, the backing layer is a PVC film, a PE film or fiber release paper.
Further, the supporting layer is one of cotton gauze, chemical fiber gauze, blended gauze or mesh cloth thereof.
Further, the hydrogel layer comprises, by weight, 0.5-10% of a polymer framework material, 10-30% of a viscosity regulator, 1-10% of a filler, 0.1-3% of a cross-linking agent, 0.1-2% of a water quality regulator, and the balance of water;
the polymer framework material is one or a combination of sodium polyacrylate, partially hydrolyzed sodium polyacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol;
the viscosity regulator is glycerol;
the cross-linking agent is one or a combination of more of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, glycollic aluminum, aluminum hydroxide, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium bromide and boric acid;
the filler is one or two of diatomite, silica gel or nano titanium dioxide;
the water quality regulator is one or a mixture of more of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and disodium salt, citric acid and salt, benzoic acid and salt and the like.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
The hydrogel coiled material has certain viscoelasticity and water absorption, can remove solid powdery toxic and harmful substances on a hard surface and in shallow pores, and can also press and remove liquid chemical toxic and harmful substances, so that the hydrogel coiled material has the advantages of wide application range, strong interface adaptability and high decontamination clearance rate; meanwhile, the decontamination material of the hydrogel coiled material is slightly influenced by the environment (such as temperature and humidity), and an auxiliary heating and curing process is not needed in the use process, so that the laying and recovery of the hydrogel coiled material can be operated manually or mechanically, the operation is simple and convenient, the hydrogel coiled material can be laid and received at any time, the operation efficiency is high, and the hydrogel coiled material is particularly suitable for emergency disposal after toxic and harmful substances are leaked due to nuclear emergency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a backing layer; 2. a support layer; 3. a hydrogel layer.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are intended to disclose all changes and modifications within the scope of the invention, and which are not limited to the following examples:
The hydrogel coiled material for pressing and removing the toxic and harmful substances on the surface of the medium is combined with the hydrogel coiled material shown in the attached figure 1, wherein the hydrogel coiled material is of a three-layer coiled material structure consisting of a
When the hydrogel coiled material for pressing and removing the toxic and harmful substances on the hard surface is implemented, in a polluted area, the hydrogel coiled material is paved on the ground by using a special paving and recycling integrated device, and is rolled by using a heavy roller, so that the hydrogel coiled material is tightly pressed and compacted with the hard surface, and the toxic and harmful substances attached to the shallow pores are adhered to the hydrogel; then stripping and recovering the hydrogel coiled material adhered with the toxic and harmful substances from the hard surface by using a laying and recovering integrated device; finally, the recycled hydrogel coiled material is packaged and conveyed to a special waste disposal site for centralized treatment.
Hydrogel production example 1
Firstly, adding 5 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 2 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 0.5 part of aluminum glycerolate into 20 parts of glycerol, and stirring into uniform paste to obtain a component I for later use; adding 3 parts of kieselguhr, 1 part of calcium chloride, 0.2 part of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.5 part of citric acid and the balance of water into another container, wherein the total weight is 100, and uniformly stirring and dissolving to obtain a component II; and (3) uniformly adding the component I into the component II under the rapid stirring, and stirring for 30 minutes to obtain uniform hydrogel. Uniformly coating the support material and the backing material to obtain the finished coiled material. (the backing layer is PVC film, PE film or fiber release paper, and the support layer is one of cotton gauze, chemical fiber gauze, blended gauze or mesh cloth thereof).
Hydrogel production example 2
Adding 3 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 2 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 1 part of sodium alginate, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.5 part of aluminum chloride into 25 parts of glycerol, and stirring into uniform paste to obtain a component I for later use; adding 3 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 1 part of calcium bromide, 0.1 part of boric acid, 0.1 part of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.3 part of citric acid and the balance of water into another container, wherein the total weight is 100, and uniformly stirring and dissolving to obtain a component II; and (3) uniformly adding the component I into the component II under the rapid stirring, and stirring for 30 minutes to obtain uniform hydrogel. Uniformly coating the support material and the backing material to obtain the finished coiled material. (the backing layer is PVC film, PE film or fiber release paper, and the support layer is one of cotton gauze, chemical fiber gauze, blended gauze or mesh cloth thereof).
Hydrogel production example 3
Adding 10 parts of partially hydrolyzed sodium polyacrylate, 2 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 1 part of sodium alginate and 0.5 part of aluminum chloride into 15 parts of glycerol, and stirring into uniform paste to obtain a component I for later use; adding 3 parts of silica gel, 1 part of calcium chloride, 0.1 part of boric acid, 0.1 part of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.3 part of citric acid, 0.2 part of sodium benzoate and the balance of water into another container, wherein the total weight is 100, and stirring and dissolving uniformly to obtain a component II; and (3) uniformly adding the component I into the component II under the rapid stirring, and stirring for 30 minutes to obtain uniform hydrogel. Uniformly coating the support material and the backing material to obtain the finished coiled material. (the backing layer is PVC film, PE film or fiber release paper, and the support layer is one of cotton gauze, chemical fiber gauze, blended gauze or mesh cloth thereof).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the claims, therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications in structure, features and principles described in the claims of the present invention, which directly or indirectly apply to other related fields, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
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