Antenna unit and array antenna communication device
阅读说明：本技术 天线单元及阵列天线通信设备 (Antenna unit and array antenna communication device ) 是由 刘朋 洪涛 周凌波 郭亚军 李�浩 于 2020-07-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种天线单元及阵列天线通信设备,涉及智能天线的技术领域,天线单元,包括：至少一个天线阵子和反射板；天线阵子按照预设的排列方式设置在反射板上,以形成天线阵列；天线阵子包括微带天线和引向片,反射板上设置有馈电电路,微带天线设置在反射板上,且,连接至馈电电路构成的馈电网络中；微带天线的其中一个边缘上设置有接地线,引向片与微带天线相对设置。本发明提供的天线单元及阵列天线通信设备,通过引向片与微带天线相对设置可以优化天线单元的驻波和隔离度,在微带天线的其中一个边缘上设置的接地线还可以作为天线阵子的去耦线使用,也进一步提升了天线阵列的隔离度,便于天线阵列的设计和使用。(The invention provides an antenna unit and an array antenna communication device, relating to the technical field of intelligent antennas, wherein the antenna unit comprises: at least one antenna element and a reflector plate; the antenna arrays are arranged on the reflecting plate according to a preset arrangement mode to form an antenna array; the antenna array comprises a microstrip antenna and a guide piece, a feed circuit is arranged on the reflecting plate, and the microstrip antenna is arranged on the reflecting plate and connected to a feed network formed by the feed circuit; one edge of the microstrip antenna is provided with a grounding wire, and the guide piece is arranged opposite to the microstrip antenna. According to the antenna unit and the array antenna communication device provided by the invention, the standing wave and the isolation degree of the antenna unit can be optimized by arranging the guide piece and the microstrip antenna oppositely, the grounding wire arranged on one edge of the microstrip antenna can also be used as a decoupling wire of an antenna array, the isolation degree of the antenna array is further improved, and the design and the use of the antenna array are facilitated.)
1. An antenna unit, comprising: at least one antenna element and a reflector plate;
the antenna arrays are arranged on the reflecting plate according to a preset arrangement mode to form an antenna array;
the antenna array comprises a microstrip antenna and a guide piece, a feed circuit is arranged on the reflecting plate, and the microstrip antenna is arranged on the reflecting plate and connected to a feed network formed by the feed circuit;
and a grounding wire is arranged on one edge of the microstrip antenna, and the guide piece is arranged opposite to the microstrip antenna.
2. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the antenna unit is further provided with a support bracket;
the support frame is used for supporting the guide piece so that the guide piece is opposite to the microstrip antenna.
3. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the microstrip antenna has a predetermined polygonal configuration.
4. The antenna unit of claim 3, wherein the predetermined polygonal structure is one of: a circular configuration, a square configuration, or an approximately octagonal configuration.
5. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein said director sheet is a metal sheet for radiating signals.
6. The antenna unit according to claim 5, wherein a predetermined plurality of slot structures are symmetrically disposed on the guiding sheet, the slot structures are symmetrically disposed at edge positions of the guiding sheet, and an opening direction of the slot structures is disposed radially outward of the guiding sheet.
7. An antenna unit according to claim 5, characterized in that the basic shape of the director sheet is one of the following shapes: circular, square, diamond, or polygonal.
8. The antenna element of claim 6, wherein said director sheet is a planar structure.
9. The antenna element of claim 6, wherein said director sheet is a symmetrical non-planar structure;
the edge of the guide sheet of the symmetrical non-planar structure is bent towards the reflecting plate by a preset angle to form a hopper-shaped structure;
the slotting structure is symmetrically arranged at the edge position after bending.
10. An array antenna communication device, characterized in that the array antenna communication device is provided with an antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent antennas, in particular to an antenna unit and array antenna communication equipment.
Background
With the development of the 5G (5th generation mobile communication technology) communication field in the world, MIMO (multiple-in multiple-out) antennas are increasingly applied to 5G base stations, and the matched base stations are deployed in a manner of base station plus antenna, so that the corresponding antenna thickness is also relatively low.
In consideration of the limitation on the thickness of the antenna, the antenna unit mostly considers the use of a low-profile patch unit, but the impedance characteristic and polarization isolation of the patch unit in the array are seriously deteriorated due to the surrounding environment problem, which causes great difficulty in the design and use of the antenna array and reduces the user experience.
Disclosure of Invention
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an antenna unit and an array antenna communication device, so as to alleviate the above technical problems.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna unit, including: at least one antenna element and a reflector plate;
the antenna arrays are arranged on the reflecting plate according to a preset arrangement mode to form an antenna array;
the antenna array comprises a microstrip antenna and a guide piece, a feed circuit is arranged on the reflecting plate, and the microstrip antenna is arranged on the reflecting plate and connected to a feed network formed by the feed circuit;
and a grounding wire is arranged on one edge of the microstrip antenna, and the guide piece is arranged opposite to the microstrip antenna.
Preferably, in a preferred embodiment, the antenna unit is further provided with a support frame;
the support frame is used for supporting the guide piece so that the guide piece is opposite to the microstrip antenna.
Preferably, in a preferred embodiment, the microstrip antenna has a predetermined polygonal structure.
Preferably, in a preferred embodiment, the predetermined polygonal structure is one of: a circular configuration, a square configuration, or an approximately octagonal configuration.
Preferably, in a preferred embodiment, the guiding sheet is a metal sheet for radiating the signal.
Preferably, in a preferred embodiment, the guiding sheet is symmetrically provided with a preset number of slotted structures, the slotted structures are symmetrically arranged at edge positions of the guiding sheet, and the opening directions of the slotted structures are arranged outwards along the radial direction of the guiding sheet.
Preferably, in a preferred embodiment, the basic shape of said guide sheet is one of the following shapes: circular, square, diamond, or polygonal.
Preferably, in a preferred embodiment, the guide sheet has a planar structure.
Preferably, in a preferred embodiment, said guide sheet is of a symmetrical non-planar configuration; the edge of the guide sheet of the symmetrical non-planar structure is bent towards the reflecting plate by a preset angle to form a hopper-shaped structure; the slotting structure is symmetrically arranged at the edge position after bending.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an array antenna communication device, where the array antenna communication device is provided with the antenna unit described in the first aspect.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the antenna unit and the array antenna communication device provided by the embodiment of the invention comprise a reflecting plate and an antenna array arranged on the reflecting plate according to a preset arrangement mode, so as to form an antenna array on the reflecting plate, wherein the antenna array comprises a microstrip antenna and a guide piece for radiating signals, the signal radiation function of the antenna unit can be met, meanwhile, the guide piece and the microstrip antenna are oppositely arranged, the standing wave isolation degree of the antenna unit can be optimized, a grounding wire arranged on one edge of the microstrip antenna can also be used as a decoupling line of the antenna array, the isolation degree of the antenna array is further improved, and the design and the use of the antenna array are facilitated.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a disassembled schematic view of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a disassembled schematic view of another antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a guide sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a current path leading to a chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an electric field coupling provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is an impedance curve of a conventional antenna array;
fig. 9 is an impedance curve of an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of isolation for a conventional antenna array;
fig. 11 is an isolation curve of an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a horizontal plane pattern of a conventional antenna array;
fig. 13 is a horizontal plane directional diagram of an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 100-a guide sheet; 101-a support frame; 102-a reflector plate; 103-microstrip antenna; 104-ground line; 201-rivet.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
At present, the conventional patch antenna generally has direct feeding, coupling feeding and other modes, that is, direct feeding through a probe and direct feeding through a microstrip line is called direct feeding, and coupling feeding is performed by using a mode of coupling a feeding sheet and a radiation sheet. Therefore, the antenna unit and the array antenna communication device provided by the embodiment of the invention can improve the technical problem and are convenient for design and use of an antenna array.
For the understanding of the present embodiment, a detailed description will be given to an antenna unit disclosed in the present embodiment.
In a possible implementation manner, an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna unit, including: at least one antenna element and a reflector plate.
The antenna elements are arranged on the reflecting plate according to a preset arrangement mode to form an antenna array.
Specifically, the antenna element comprises a microstrip antenna and a guide piece, wherein the microstrip antenna and the guide piece are both used for radiating signals so as to meet the signal radiation function of the antenna unit, meanwhile, a feed circuit is arranged on the reflecting plate, and the microstrip antenna is arranged on the reflecting plate and connected to a feed network formed by the feed circuit.
Furthermore, a grounding wire is arranged on one edge of the microstrip antenna, the guide piece is arranged opposite to the microstrip antenna, and the isolation of the antenna can be optimized and the performance of the antenna unit can be improved by loading the grounding wire in the antenna unit and arranging the guide piece.
Therefore, the antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes a reflection plate and antenna elements arranged on the reflection plate according to a preset arrangement manner, so as to form an antenna array on the reflection plate, where the antenna elements include a microstrip antenna and a guide plate for radiating a signal, which can satisfy a signal radiation function of the antenna unit, and the guide plate and the microstrip antenna are arranged opposite to each other, so as to optimize a standing wave isolation of the antenna unit.
In practical use, the reflector plate is usually in the form of a PCB (Printed Circuit Board), and the feeding Circuit may be directly Printed on the PCB and form a feeding network of the antenna unit, so that the reflector plate in the embodiment of the present invention may also be a feeding PCB.
Furthermore, the microstrip antenna included in the antenna array may also be directly printed on the PCB to reduce the thickness of the antenna unit, so that the antenna unit occupies less space.
In addition, in order to enable the guide piece to be arranged opposite to the microstrip antenna and keep the opposite position, the antenna unit of the embodiment of the invention is also provided with a support frame; the support frame is used for supporting the leading piece so that the leading piece is arranged opposite to the microstrip antenna.
For easy understanding, fig. 1 and fig. 2 respectively show a disassembled schematic view of an antenna unit, wherein in fig. 1, 3 antenna elements are disposed on a reflector for illustration, and the 3 antenna elements form a 1 × 3 array, as shown in fig. 1, the
Here, since fig. 1 exemplifies 3 antenna elements, the number of the director plates in fig. 1 is also 3. Further, in fig. 1, the microstrip antenna is printed on the reflector for example, and therefore, in fig. 1, the microstrip antenna 103 printed on the reflector and the ground line 104 provided on one edge of the microstrip antenna 103 are further included. Generally, the ground line is also called a decoupling line, a section of ground line is generally introduced into a midpoint of one side of the microstrip antenna and is arranged in a shape of a "T", so that the isolation of each antenna element in an antenna array environment can be obviously improved.
In practical use, the support frame 101 in fig. 1 is usually made of plastic, is mostly irregular in shape, and can be connected to the reflector plate through a buckle in a clamping manner, so that the leading sheet is installed above the microstrip antenna, and a certain gap is left between the leading sheet and the microstrip antenna, so that the leading sheet and the microstrip antenna are arranged oppositely.
Further, in fig. 1, a line connecting the plurality of microstrip antennas is a feed circuit printed on the reflection plate, and is used for transmitting signals and distributing the signals to the three microstrip antennas, and meanwhile, in fig. 1, a shadow portion arranged on the feed circuit is a protection ground printed on the reflection plate, so as to enhance the anti-interference performance of the antenna system.
Further, fig. 2 is a perspective view of a disassembled schematic view of the antenna unit corresponding to fig. 1, as shown in fig. 2, the antenna unit is sequentially led to the
In fig. 2, 4
Further, fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an antenna unit, specifically, the antenna unit shown in fig. 3 is an assembly diagram corresponding to the disassembly diagram shown in fig. 2, and is a top view of the antenna unit. It should be understood that the number of antenna elements shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, and fig. 3 and the form of the antenna array composed of the antenna elements are only an exemplary form, and in other embodiments, the number of antenna elements and the form of the antenna array may have other forms, particularly for practical use, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present invention.
In practical use, in order to facilitate the microstrip antenna to be able to access the feed network formed by the feed circuit, the microstrip antenna is usually provided with a feed port through which the microstrip antenna is connected to the feed circuit.
Specifically, the microstrip antenna has a predetermined polygonal structure, and a predetermined position of the microstrip antenna is provided with an opening, for example, a central portion of the microstrip antenna is provided with an opening.
Further, the predetermined polygonal structure is one of the following: a circular structure, a square structure, or an approximately octagonal structure; and the feeding port is a feeding port in the direction of +/-45 degrees of a preset polygonal structure.
For ease of understanding, fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a microstrip antenna, and in particular, shows a microstrip antenna having an approximately octagonal structure.
In which the microstrip antenna of the approximate octagonal structure is actually made based on a circular microstrip antenna, specifically, as shown in fig. 4, two end portions of two perpendicular diameters are subtracted from the circular microstrip antenna, and, as shown in fig. 4, the feed port is disposed in the ± 45 ° direction.
Further, in fig. 4, the opening is disposed at the center of the microstrip antenna, and in practical use, the opening may also be disposed at another preset position, specifically based on practical use conditions, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
In practical use, the guiding sheet is a metal sheet and is used for radiating signals, furthermore, the guiding sheet is symmetrically provided with a preset number of slotted structures, the slotted structures are symmetrically arranged at the edge positions of the guiding sheet, and the opening directions of the slotted structures are arranged outwards along the radial direction of the guiding sheet.
Specifically, the basic shape of the guide sheet is one of the following shapes: circular, square, diamond, or polygonal.
For ease of understanding, fig. 5 shows a schematic view of one configuration of a guide sheet, wherein various basic shapes of guide sheets are shown in fig. 5. The left side guide piece of the first row and the left side guide piece of the second row are circular guide pieces, and the right side guide pieces in the shape similar to the approximate octagonal structure of the microstrip antenna.
Specifically, the various types of directors shown in fig. 5 may cooperate with the microstrip antenna on the reflector plate to form an antenna pattern. In fig. 5, four slot structures are symmetrically disposed at the edge of the director strip, and the slot structures can change the isolation of the antenna array after forming the antenna array, because the level position of the tail end changes after the slot compared with the original slot, and it can be assumed that the radiation direction of the antenna is ± 45 °, then the slot is made at 0 ° or 90 °, the tail end of the edge current of the microstrip antenna changes from the original outer edge to the inside, and the isolation of the antenna unit changes due to the change of the current distribution after the slot, but because the current distribution on the whole director strip presents an axisymmetric + centrosymmetric structure, the change of the tail end current at the edge of the director strip can cancel each other in the radiation field, and the radiation field distribution can still be equivalently distributed in a symmetric manner, so that the directional diagram is not particularly deteriorated.
For ease of understanding, fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of current paths leading to the sheet, and as shown in fig. 6, the left side in fig. 6 is the current distribution leading to the sheet surface without slotting, and the right side is the current distribution leading to the sheet surface after slotting, and as can be seen from fig. 6, the current distributions of the slotted structure and the non-slotted leading sheet are different, and the local direction and the overall path of the current change, which can contribute to a part of the magnitude of the isolation optimization.
Further, the guide piece has a planar structure, or the guide piece has a symmetrical non-planar structure. In fig. 1 and 2, the guiding sheet is shown as a non-planar structure, and in fig. 5, the guiding sheet shown in the second row can be bent at a preset angle along the line segment shown in the figure, so as to form the guiding sheet with the non-planar structure.
In addition, the guiding sheet shown in the third row in fig. 5 is also an embodiment of a non-planar structure, specifically, four sides or four corners of a square may be bent downward by the same angle, or after bending, the four sides or four corners may be modified into other shapes, such as four-sided slots, or blunt sharp corners of the four corners, or set into circular corners, etc., and the finally formed non-planar structure is usually a shape with a high middle and a low periphery, taking a quadrangle (or octagon) as an example, four sides of the quadrangle are simultaneously bent downward by the same angle to form a bucket-shaped structure, and then the center of the four sides after bending is made into a slotted structure; or, the circular plane structure is formed by bending the peripheral area downwards and then selecting the positions of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees as the slotted structures, thereby forming the symmetrical non-plane structure in the embodiment of the invention.
After the metal guide sheet with the symmetrical non-planar structure is placed right above the microstrip antenna, the field distribution can be locally changed through the coupling current change brought by the non-planar structure, so that the aim of converging an impedance curve is fulfilled.
For convenience of understanding, fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of electric field coupling, specifically, fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of comparison of electric field coupling between a planar structure of the director flakes and a symmetric non-planar structure of the director flakes and the reflective plates, wherein the left side in fig. 7 is the coupling electric field of the planar structure of the director flakes, and the right side is the coupling electric field of the symmetric non-planar structure of the director flakes, as can be seen from fig. 7, the electric field distribution between the symmetric non-planar structure of the director flakes and the reflective plates is different at the edge of the director flakes, that is, the coupling height of the electric field at the periphery of the director flakes varies, so that the symmetric non-planar structure of the director flakes can make the impedance of the array converge to the shape shown in fig. 9.
In practical use, the operating frequency band of the antenna unit shown in fig. 1 or fig. 2 is 2500MHz-2700MHz, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the ground line is disposed on one edge of the microstrip antenna, so that the isolation of the antenna array in the antenna array environment can be significantly improved.
Furthermore, in the embodiment of the invention, the microstrip antenna is provided with the oppositely arranged guide pieces, and the standing wave isolation of the antenna unit can be optimized through the depth change of the grooves of the guide pieces, so that the impedance curve is converged in an ideal range.
For the convenience of understanding, fig. 8 shows an impedance curve of a general antenna array, fig. 9 is an impedance curve of an antenna array with a relative guiding sheet in the embodiment of the present invention, specifically, fig. 8 and 9 are impedance curves (standing waves) comparison of the antenna array with the relative guiding sheet after the antenna array is formed, and as can be seen from fig. 8 and 9, in the embodiment of the present invention, the impedance curve of an antenna array with a relative guiding sheet is converged a lot, so that a matching array is easy to make.
Further, fig. 10 is an isolation curve of a general antenna element, fig. 11 is an isolation curve of an antenna element with a guiding sheet arranged oppositely in the embodiment of the present invention, and specifically, fig. 10 and fig. 11 are a comparison of isolation curves of the antenna element and the antenna element after the antenna element and the guiding sheet are combined into a plurality of groups of parallel 1 × 3 arrays. As can be seen from fig. 10 and 11, the improvement of the isolation in the embodiment of the present invention is more than 4dB on average, and the improvement of the overall polarization isolation mean is about 6 dB and 7dB, which shows that the isolation of the antenna element is greatly improved after the ground line is added on the basis of the addition of the director.
Further, fig. 12 is a horizontal plane directional diagram of a general antenna element, fig. 13 is a horizontal plane directional diagram of an antenna element of an embodiment of the present invention, specifically, fig. 12 and fig. 13 are directional diagrams comparing after the two antenna elements form an array, and as can be seen from fig. 12 and fig. 13, the main polarization directional diagrams of the two antenna elements are the same, and the cross polarization directional diagram level curves diverge but are also of the same magnitude.
In summary, the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) through the guiding sheet arranged opposite to the microstrip antenna, the guiding sheet is set to be in a non-planar structure, and measures such as slotting and the like are taken, so that the antenna array can obtain more convergent impedance, the matching is easy, and the isolation is optimized.
(2) The grounding wire can be used as a decoupling wire, can effectively improve the isolation degree of the antenna units after forming the sub-array, and can be used together with the guide sheet.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention further provides an array antenna communication device, and specifically, the array antenna communication device is provided with the above antenna unit.
The array antenna communication device provided by the embodiment of the invention has the same technical characteristics as the antenna unit provided by the embodiment, so that the same technical problems can be solved, and the same technical effects can be achieved.
It can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the array antenna communication device described above may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing embodiments, and is not described herein again.
In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases for those skilled in the art.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating and limiting the technical solutions of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included therein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
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