阅读说明：本技术 一种功能饲料及其在改善牦牛肉嫩度中的应用 (Functional feed and application thereof in improving tenderness of yak meat ) 是由 项洋 郝力壮 拜彬强 刘书杰 牛建章 于 2020-07-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及畜牧养殖技术领域,具体公开了一种功能饲料及其在改善牦牛肉嫩度中的应用。本发明的功能饲料包括粗料和精料,所述粗料和所述精料的质量比为(25-35)：(65-75)；所述粗料为燕麦青干草,所述精料包括熟化油菜籽；所述功能饲料可改善牦牛肉嫩度。本发明通过将精料和粗料进行科学合理搭配,充分利用了青海的农副产品,增加了日粮中的能量水平,实现了增加肌肉内脂肪含量,提高牦牛肉嫩度的效果,也为改善其他畜种肉质嫩度提供了很好的借鉴。(The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, and particularly discloses a functional feed and application thereof in improvement of tenderness of yak meat. The functional feed comprises a coarse material and a fine material, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse material to the fine material is (25-35): (65-75); the coarse material is oat green hay, and the fine material comprises cured rapeseeds; the functional feed can improve the tenderness of yak meat. According to the invention, the concentrated feed and the coarse feed are scientifically and reasonably matched, agricultural and sideline products of the Qinghai are fully utilized, the energy level in daily ration is increased, the effects of increasing the fat content in muscles and improving the tenderness of yak meat are realized, and a good reference is provided for improving the tenderness of meat of other livestock species.)

1. A functional feed is characterized by comprising a coarse material and a fine material, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse material to the fine material is (25-35): (65-75); the coarse material is oat green hay, and the fine material comprises cured rapeseeds; the functional feed can improve the tenderness of yak meat.

2. The functional feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ripened rapeseed is prepared in the following manner:

(1) heating rapeseeds at the temperature of 120-130 ℃;

(2) stirring for 8-12 minutes every 4-6 seconds until the water content is lower than 3%.

3. The functional feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentrate further comprises cottonseed meal.

4. The functional feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the concentrate further comprises corn, wheat bran, stone powder, premix, bentonite, salt and calcium hydrogen phosphate, or further comprises corn bran.

5. The functional feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mass ratio of the fine material to the coarse material is 70: 30.

6. the functional feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the concentrate has a composition of: 31-46 parts of corn, 6-28 parts of wheat bran, 0-14 parts of cottonseed meal, 7.5-15 parts of cured rapeseed, 0-55 parts of corn bran, 2-3 parts of stone powder, 0.5-1 part of premix, 0.5-1 part of bentonite, 0.5-1 part of salt and 0.05-0.15 part of calcium hydrophosphate.

7. The functional feed as claimed in claim 6, wherein the dry matter content of the concentrate is 92-98%; in the dry matter of the concentrate, the content of crude protein is 22-25%, the content of crude fat is 3-9%, the content of neutral detergent fiber is 17-35%, the content of acid detergent fiber is 8-12%, the content of calcium is 1.5-3%, the content of phosphorus is 0.2-0.5%, and the content of NaCl is 0.5-0.8%.

8. The functional feed according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the composition per kg of the premix is: vitamin A900 KIU-1200 KIU, copper 700 mg-900 mg, vitamin D3200 KIU-400 KIU, zinc 3700 mg-4000 mg, vitamin E1450 IU-1600 IU, manganese 3000 mg-3400 mg, biotin 900 ug-1100 ug, iodine 75 mg-95 mg, folic acid 8 mg-12 mg, selenium 60 mg-80 mg, nicotinic acid 2700 mg-3200 mg, iron 3500 mg-3700 mg and water content less than or equal to 10%.

9. Use of the functional feed of any one of claims 1-8 for feeding yaks.

10. Use of the functional feed of any one of claims 1-8 for improving the tenderness of yak meat.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a functional feed and application thereof in improving tenderness of yak meat.

Background

The yak is a special cattle species in the plateau, grazes on the alpine grassland with the altitude of more than 3000m, adapts to extreme severe environments such as anoxia, alpine and pasture lack in high-altitude areas, and is an important dominant stock breed in the plateau animal husbandry.

In recent years, a large amount of researches on the quality and regulation of yak meat are carried out by related scholars, and the researches show that the yak meat has the characteristics of rich nutritive value, scarcity, safety and no pollution, so that the prospect of the yak industry is very wide. However, the yak meat has a normal pH range, a low color and marble score and poor tenderness in terms of eating and processing quality, so that the quality of the whole yak meat such as sense and taste is inferior to that of other beef, and further development of the yak industry is seriously hindered.

Therefore, the yak meat quality regulation becomes a major problem needing breakthrough in the development of the yak industry, and a new functional feed and application thereof in improving the tenderness of yak meat are needed to solve the problems in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the feed capable of improving the tenderness of yak meat.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a functional feed comprises a coarse material and a fine material, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse material to the fine material is (25-35): (65-75); the coarse material is oat green hay, and the fine material comprises cured rapeseeds; the functional feed can improve the tenderness of yak meat.

The research of the invention finds that when the cooked rapeseeds are added into the concentrate of the yak feed, the tenderness of the yak meat can be improved.

In the invention, the preparation method of the cured rapeseeds is as follows:

(1) heating rapeseeds at the temperature of 120-130 ℃;

(2) stirring for 8-12 minutes every 4-6 seconds until the water content is lower than 3%.

The preferred mode of preparation of the matured rapeseed is as follows:

(1) heating semen Brassicae campestris at 125 deg.C;

(2) stir every 5 seconds for 10 minutes until the moisture content is below 3%.

The process is simple and convenient, and the obtained cured rapeseeds have better comprehensive effect.

In the invention, the concentrate also comprises cottonseed meal.

In the present invention, the concentrate further comprises corn, wheat bran, stone powder, premix, bentonite, salt and calcium hydrogen phosphate, or further comprises corn bran.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the fine material to the coarse material is 70: 30.

the invention adopts a concentrate feed formula which mainly comprises corn, wheat bran, cured rapeseed, cottonseed meal and the like, increases the energy level in daily ration, and realizes the effects of increasing the fat content in muscle and improving the tenderness of yak meat. The rapeseeds are oil crops which are produced in the Qinghai, and have large planting area, high yield and rich nutritional value, so that the rapeseeds or the cakes thereof serving as the yak feed additive have certain feasibility and popularization.

In the invention, the dry matter content of the coarse material is 95-98%; the organic matter content is 92% -95.75%, the crude protein content is 6% -8%, the crude fat content is 3% -4%, the neutral detergent fiber content is 46% -48%, the acid detergent fiber content is 27% -30%, the phosphorus content is 0.1% -0.2%, and the calcium content is 0.5% -1%.

In the invention, the compositions of the concentrate are as follows: 31-46 parts of corn, 6-28 parts of wheat bran, 0-14 parts of cottonseed meal, 7.5-15 parts of cured rapeseed, 0-55 parts of corn bran, 2-3 parts of stone powder, 0.5-1 part of premix, 0.5-1 part of bentonite, 0.5-1 part of salt and 0.05-0.15 part of calcium hydrophosphate.

Preferably, the concentrate comprises the following components: 45-46 parts of corn, 27-28 parts of wheat bran, 11-12 parts of cottonseed meal, 10-11 parts of cured rapeseed, 2-3 parts of stone powder, 0.5-1 part of premix, 0.5-1 part of bentonite, 0.5-1 part of salt and 0.05-0.15 part of calcium hydrophosphate.

In the invention, the dry matter content of the concentrate is 92-98%; in the dry matter of the concentrate, the content of crude protein is 22-25%, the content of crude fat is 3-9%, the content of neutral detergent fiber is 17-35%, the content of acid detergent fiber is 8-12%, the content of calcium is 1.5-3%, the content of phosphorus is 0.2-0.5%, and the content of NaCl is 0.5-0.8%.

In the invention, each kilogram of the premix comprises the following components: vitamin A900 KIU-1200 KIU, copper 700 mg-900 mg, vitamin D3200 KIU-400 KIU, zinc 3700 mg-4000 mg, vitamin E1450 IU-1600 IU, manganese 3000 mg-3400 mg, biotin 900 ug-1100 ug, iodine 75 mg-95 mg, folic acid 8 mg-12 mg, selenium 60 mg-80 mg, nicotinic acid 2700 mg-3200 mg, iron 3500 mg-3700 mg and water content less than or equal to 10%.

The invention also provides an application of the functional feed in feeding yaks and an application of the functional feed in improving the tenderness of yak meat.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, the concentrated feed and the coarse feed are scientifically and reasonably matched, agricultural and sideline products of the Qinghai are fully utilized, the energy level in daily ration is increased, the effects of increasing the fat content in muscles and improving the tenderness of yak meat are realized, and a good reference is provided for improving the tenderness of meat of other livestock species.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are given for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.