阅读说明：本技术 一种汽车外饰复合材料 (Composite material for automobile exterior decoration ) 是由 蔡昱丹 樊瑶雯 叶佳 竺卿 倪昊 于 2019-04-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种汽车外饰复合材料,由基材和涂层组成；所述涂层由依次设置的基层、芯层和面层组成,所述基层与所述基材相接触；所述基层包括固化剂和稀释剂,所述芯层的材料为陶瓷,所述面层包括固化剂与稀释剂；所述基材由MBS树脂、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂与苯乙烯-丙烯腈树脂组成。本申请提供的汽车外饰复合材料涉及涂层与基材的组合及配方,涂层位于基材的外表面,该复合材料同时具有高透光、透毫米波、金属外观、满足汽车外饰性能的特性。(The invention provides an automobile exterior composite material, which consists of a base material and a coating; the coating consists of a base layer, a core layer and a surface layer which are sequentially arranged, wherein the base layer is contacted with the substrate; the base layer comprises a curing agent and a diluent, the core layer is made of ceramic, and the surface layer comprises the curing agent and the diluent; the base material consists of MBS resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin and styrene-acrylonitrile resin. The application provides an automobile exterior composite material, which relates to a combination and a formula of a coating and a base material, wherein the coating is positioned on the outer surface of the base material, and the composite material has the characteristics of high light transmission, millimeter wave transmission, metal appearance and capability of meeting the automobile exterior performance.)

1. An automobile exterior composite material consists of a base material and a coating; the coating consists of a base layer, a core layer and a surface layer which are sequentially arranged, wherein the base layer is contacted with the substrate;

the base layer comprises a curing agent and a diluent, the core layer is made of ceramic, and the surface layer comprises the curing agent and the diluent;

the base material consists of MBS resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin and styrene-acrylonitrile resin.

2. The exterior automotive trim composite material according to claim 1, wherein the MBS resin is present in an amount of 18 to 25 wt.%, the polymethyl methacrylate resin is present in an amount of 65 to 70 wt.%, and the styrene-acrylonitrile resin is present in an amount of 8 to 15 wt.%.

3. The automotive exterior composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the curing agent to the diluent in the base layer is 7: 3.

4. The automotive exterior composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the curing agent to the diluent in the face layer is 7: 3.

5. The automotive exterior composite of claim 1 or 2, wherein the base layer and the face layer are UV cured.

6. The automotive exterior composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the core layer is formed by a directional magnetron sputtering process.

7. The automotive exterior composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the core layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.2 μm.

8. The composite material for automobile exterior trim according to claim 2, wherein the MBS resin content in the base material is 20-23 wt%.

9. The automotive exterior composite material according to claim 2, wherein the polymethyl methacrylate resin content in the base material is 67 to 69 wt%.

10. The composite material for automobile exterior trim according to claim 2, wherein the styrene-acrylonitrile resin content in the base material is 10 to 12 wt%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of automobiles, in particular to an automobile exterior trim composite material.

Background

With the development of science and technology, diversified demands of automobile users on automobiles are increased day by day, which means that parts of the whole automobile are increased day by day and the weight of the whole automobile is increased day by day, but the arrangement of the whole automobile is more and more difficult due to limited space of the whole automobile, and the weight of the whole automobile is increased, so that the oil consumption of the whole automobile is increased, and a single part with multiple functions is more and more necessary, so that the metal appearance effect of the outer surfaces of the parts is an improvement aspect.

In order to realize the metal appearance effect of the outer surface of the part, the existing electroplating and PVD processes can find the corresponding base material combination to meet the appearance effect, but no coating and base material combination has 4 characteristics of simultaneously having the metal appearance of the outer surface, high light transmission, millimeter wave transmission and automobile exterior performance.

Although the existing electroplating process can realize the metal appearance effect of parts, the electroplated layer of the electroplating process contains metal substances such as chromium, copper, nickel and the like, and millimeter waves cannot penetrate through the metal layer, so that the electroplated parts do not have the characteristic of millimeter wave penetration. In the light transmission aspect, the electroplated layer needs to meet the requirement of 55 μm for the external decorative performance, and the electroplated layer has no light transmission performance because the layer thickness is large and the material is metal. In the aspect of exterior decoration performance, the transparent ABS or PC + ABS has poor weather resistance, can fail in tests of environment alternation, xenon lamp aging and thermal aging resistance, and cannot meet the condition requirements of the exterior decoration performance of automobiles.

The existing PVD process can also realize the effect of metal appearance, and the existing PVD process, namely physical weather deposition, can be divided into 3 types of evaporation plating, ion plating and sputtering plating.

The evaporation plating can be plated on a transparent substrate with a substrate of PC, PMMA, ABS, PMMA + ABS or PMMA + ASA, and the metal appearance effect of parts can be realized. In the aspect of millimeter wave transmission, when the target material for evaporation plating adopts chromium, the millimeter waves cannot penetrate through the chromium layer, so that the millimeter wave transmission is avoided; when the target material adopts , the layer has certain millimeter wave transmission characteristic, but because is still metal, the millimeter wave transmission is blocked in a certain range, and the shortcoming of weakening the millimeter wave intensity exists; in terms of light transmittance, the evaporation degree of the coating is usually controlled to 5 μm, the light transmittance is poor, the light coating transmittance is less than 1%, and the coating thickness cannot be precisely controlled by evaporation plating, so that the coating has the defect of non-uniformity, and thus the coating does not have high light transmittance. In terms of exterior decoration performance, when the coating is evaporated and plated on the outer surface of the base material, the appearance of the exterior decoration performance is extremely poor, and 10 main coating performance experiments shown in figure 1 cannot meet the requirement.

The ion plating can be plated on the base material of which the base material is a metal plate, and the metal appearance effect of the part can be realized. Because of the limitation of the process conditions (the process working environment required by the ion plating is 600-.

When the sputtering plating and the transparent base material are combined, the target material adopts chromium, the chromium layer has no millimeter wave transmission characteristic, and when the target material is , although layers can realize the transmission of the millimeter waves, the millimeter waves are weakened. Since the thickness of the prior sputtering coating is controlled between 0.5 and 5 mu m, even if the thickness of the coating is 0.5 mu m minimum, the coating has certain light transmittance, but the transmittance is below 5 percent, and the transmittance is low. When the transparent base material is ABS, the transparent ABS has poor external decoration performance, and cannot meet the test requirements of environment alternation, xenon lamp aging and thermal aging resistance in figure 1, and the transparent ABS has obvious visual yellowing in failure mode. When the transparent base material is PC or PMMA, the coating can not meet the exterior performance test, particularly the test items of adhesive force, steam jet, condensed water resistance, high-temperature aging and low-temperature impact shown in figure 1. When the transparent base material is PMMA + ASA, the coating can not meet the exterior performance test, which is particularly shown in the test items of adhesive force, steam jet, condensed water resistance, high-temperature aging resistance and low-temperature impact shown in figure 1, and meanwhile, the PMMA + ASA material looks like milky white and the base material has poor light transmittance. When PMMA + ABS is selected as the transparent substrate, the coating can not meet the exterior performance test, which is particularly shown in the test items of condensed water resistance, high-temperature aging resistance and low-temperature impact resistance shown in figure 1, and meanwhile, the PMMA + ABS material is yellow in appearance and poor in light transmission of the substrate.

In summary, when the coating is applied to the outer surface of the part, the existing coating and substrate combination formula can achieve the decorative effect of metal appearance, but does not have the characteristics of light transmission, millimeter wave transmission, metal appearance and satisfaction of the automobile exterior decoration performance.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the composite material for the automobile exterior trim, and the automobile exterior trim provided by the invention has the characteristics of metal appearance of the outer surface, high light transmission, millimeter wave transmission and capability of meeting the performance of the automobile exterior trim.

In view of the above, the present application provides an automotive exterior composite material, which consists of a substrate and a coating layer; the coating consists of a base layer, a core layer and a surface layer which are sequentially arranged, wherein the base layer is contacted with the substrate;

the base layer comprises a curing agent and a diluent, the core layer is made of ceramic, and the surface layer comprises the curing agent and the diluent;

the base material consists of MBS resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin and styrene-acrylonitrile resin.

Preferably, the MBS resin accounts for 18-25 wt%, the polymethyl methacrylate resin accounts for 65-70 wt%, and the styrene-acrylonitrile resin accounts for 8-15 wt%.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the curing agent to the diluent in the base layer is 7: 3.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the curing agent to the diluent in the surface layer is 7: 3.

Preferably, the base layer and the surface layer are both cured by adopting a UV mode.

Preferably, the core layer adopts a directional magnetron sputtering process.

Preferably, the thickness of the core layer is 0.1-0.2 μm.

Preferably, the content of the MBS resin in the base material is 20-23 wt%.

Preferably, the content of the polymethyl methacrylate resin in the base material is 67-69 wt%.

Preferably, the content of the styrene-acrylonitrile resin in the base material is 10-12 wt%.

The application provides an automobile exterior composite material, which consists of a base material and a coating; the coating consists of a base layer, a core layer and a surface layer which are sequentially arranged, wherein the base layer is contacted with the substrate; the base layer comprises a curing agent and a diluent, the core layer is made of ceramic, and the surface layer comprises the curing agent and the diluent; the base material consists of MBS resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin and styrene-acrylonitrile resin. In the automobile exterior composite material, the material and the arrangement mode in the base material simultaneously realize the characteristics of metal appearance, high light transmission and millimeter wave transmission of the outer surface; the coating is further matched with a base material formed by MBS, PMMA and SAN, and the base material has the characteristics of good affinity, good formability and high light transmittance with the coating, so that the automobile exterior trim has the characteristics of metal appearance on the outer surface, high light transmittance, millimeter wave transmittance and capability of meeting the automobile exterior trim performance.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a table of the defects of prior art coatings;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the present application with respect to the definition of the inner and outer surfaces;

FIG. 3 is a table of prior art performance requirements for automotive exterior coatings;

FIG. 4 is a table of prior art performance requirements for automotive exterior substrates;

FIG. 5 is a data graph illustrating the effects of the automotive exterior composite of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an automotive exterior composite of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a base material MBS in the composite material for automobile exterior trim according to the present application.

Detailed Description

For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the claims.

In the automobile exterior trim, no coating and substrate combination can simultaneously have the characteristics of 4 of metal appearance of the outer surface, high light transmission, millimeter wave transmission and the requirement on the performance of the automobile exterior trim, so that the application provides an automobile exterior trim composite material which can simultaneously realize the characteristics of 4 of metal appearance of the outer surface, high light transmission, millimeter wave transmission and the requirement on the performance of the automobile exterior trim and can be applied to parts such as exterior trim labels, trim plates, trim strips, grids and the like, the parts such as exterior trim chromium plated parts, lamps and millimeter wave cover plates in the original traditional sense can be integrated into a whole, the contradiction between the modeling requirement and the whole automobile arrangement requirement is solved, the whole automobile parts can be reduced, the arrangement space is saved, and the effects of reducing weight and cost are achieved; meanwhile, the effect of switching between lamplight and chrome plating at any time can improve the novelty of the shape, and the excitation point of the whole automobile is created, so that the shape of the automobile is more integrated, scientific and technological, and brand features are easily created.

Specifically, the automobile exterior composite material provided by the application consists of a base material and a coating; the coating consists of a base layer, a core layer and a surface layer which are sequentially arranged, wherein the base layer is contacted with the substrate; the base layer comprises a curing agent and a diluent, the core layer is made of ceramic, and the surface layer comprises the curing agent and the diluent;

the base material consists of MBS resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin and styrene-acrylonitrile resin.

The automobile exterior composite material specifically comprises a base material and a coating, wherein the coating is arranged on the outer surface of the base material, as shown in fig. 2, the inner surface and the outer surface of a part are defined, and the coating is arranged on the outer surface of the base material; when the coating is on the inner surface, the outward visual effect is not good, and comparative research is not carried out in the application.

In the automobile exterior composite material, the main components in the base layer in the coating are a curing agent and a diluent, in a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of the curing agent to the diluent is 7:3, and the coating is sprayed or coated on the surface of a base material and then is cured by adopting UV. The base layer mainly aims at improving the bonding rate of the core layer and the base material and filling micron-sized pits in the base material. The curing agent and the diluent are not particularly limited in the present application and may be additives well known to those skilled in the art.

The core layer on the surface of the base layer is coated on the surface of the base layer by adopting a magnetron sputtering process, and the core layer is made of ceramic, so that the effects of not blocking penetration, dispersion and reception of millimeter waves can be realized. Compared with the layers, the core layer has the characteristic of not weakening the millimeter wave intensity and has excellent millimeter wave transmission performance. The control of the thickness of the core layer is also a key, the minimum coating thickness of the existing PVD process is 0.5 mu m, the light transmittance is poor, and the light transmittance of the coating is less than 1%. The ceramic material in the core layer is a material well known to those skilled in the art, and the specific choice thereof is not particularly limited herein.

The surface layer is arranged on the surface of the core layer, and the main components of the surface layer are a curing agent and a diluent, wherein in a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of the curing agent to the diluent is 7: 3. And after the curing agent and the diluent are sprayed to the core layer, UV curing is adopted. The surface layer can isolate the core layer from directly contacting with the environment, and improve the stone impact resistance and chemical resistance of the core layer (the chemical reagents comprise unleaded gasoline, diesel oil, engine oil, brake fluid and cooling fluid).

Therefore, the coating formed by the coating, the surface layer and the core layer can simultaneously realize the 3-point characteristics of (firstly) metal appearance on the outer surface, (secondly) high light transmission (transmittance of 10-12%) and (thirdly) millimeter wave transmission. If the coating is applied to PC, PMMA + ASA which can meet the performance of the exterior base material, the coating can not meet the performance of the automobile exterior coating; if the coating is applied to the existing PMMA + ABS which can meet the performance of an exterior decorative substrate, the exterior decorative performance of the coating can be ensured to a certain extent, but the PMMA + ABS material is yellow in appearance, the light transmittance of the substrate is poor, the light transmittance is greatly attenuated, the transmittance is about 3.5%, and the requirement of high light transmittance is not met.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop a substrate having excellent affinity with the coating layer, high light transmittance, and satisfactory exterior properties. Thus, the present application provides a substrate matched with the above coating, which is composed of an MBS resin, a polymethylmethacrylate resin, and a styrene-acrylonitrile resin; more specifically, the MBS resin accounts for 18-25 wt%, the polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) accounts for 65-70 wt%, and the styrene-acrylonitrile resin (SAN) accounts for 8-15 wt%; in a specific embodiment, the MBS resin accounts for 20-23 wt%, the PMMA resin accounts for 67-69 wt%, and the SAN resin accounts for 10-12 wt%.

The MBS resin in the base material consists of MMA, B and St, has a core-shell structure (shown in figure 7), can improve the compatibility with a resin matrix, change the refractive index, increase the light transmittance, has good compatibility with a base layer, has a toughening effect, and is beneficial to a ball drop experiment of the base material. If the content of the MBS exceeds 25 wt%, the light transmittance is influenced, so that light cannot penetrate through the base material, and if the content of the MBS is less than 18 wt%, the base material is too brittle to pass a low-temperature ball drop test, and meanwhile, the bonding rate of the MBS and the coating is influenced, so that the MBS cannot pass a steam jet after condensed water and a grid test.

The PMMA resin can ensure that the base material is light-permeable, ensure the surface brightness of the base material and improve the rigidity of the base material; if the content is more than 70 wt%, the base material is too brittle to pass the low-temperature ball drop test, and the bonding rate with the coating is affected, and the base material cannot pass the steam jet after condensation water and the grid test, and if the content is less than 62 wt%, the light transmittance is affected, and light cannot penetrate through the base material.

SAN resin can improve the drug resistance of the base material, improve the overall toughness and ensure high light transmittance; its content is less than 8%, then leads to the cost to promote, reduces substrate economic nature, can reduce the drug resistance of substrate simultaneously, when doing resistant chemical reagent experiment, the substrate receives the corruption easily, leads to the substrate surface to discolour, and the content is higher than 15 wt%, can influence the light transmissivity of substrate, will lead to the unable substrate of seeing through of light, influences the rate of combining of substrate and coating simultaneously, can't pass through behind the comdenstion water steam jet and cut the lattice test.

In conclusion, the base material formed by the material provided by the application has good affinity with the coating, good forming performance and high light transmittance, and can meet the requirements of exterior decoration performance. The structural schematic diagram of the automobile exterior composite material provided by the application is shown in fig. 6.

The automobile exterior composite material provided by the application has the characteristics of metal appearance, high light transmission, millimeter wave transmission and capability of meeting 4 large performances of automobile exterior due to the formula combination and arrangement mode of the coating and the base material, and the effect is specifically shown in fig. 5.

For further understanding of the present invention, the following examples are given to illustrate the composite material for exterior automotive trim of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.