阅读说明：本技术 一种基于摩擦纳米发电机的船机振动自驱动传感装置 (Ship-engine vibration self-driven sensing device based on friction nano generator ) 是由 邹永久 董方阳 杜太利 张博深 张跃文 孙培廷 徐敏义 张鹏 姜兴家 于 2021-07-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种基于摩擦纳米发电机的船机振动自驱动传感装置,包括摩擦纳米发电机、信号处理电路和贴附固定层；所述摩擦纳米发电机包括底座、顶盖、金属电极、接触层和液态金属；所述底座和顶盖内均设置有半球形凹坑；所述金属电极固定连接在底座的凹坑内表面；所述接触层固定连接在金属电极的内表面；所述液态金属设置在底座和顶盖之间,可在球形空间里自由振动；所述信号处理电路的一端与摩擦纳米电机相连,另一端接地；所述贴附固定层固定连接在摩擦纳米发电机底侧。本发明体积小、重量轻、成本低、环境兼容性强,能将具有中低频运动特性的船舶机械设备振动信息转化为电信号,实现船舶机械设备的自驱动振动传感。(The invention relates to a ship-engine vibration self-driven sensing device based on a friction nano generator, which comprises the friction nano generator, a signal processing circuit and an attached fixing layer; the friction nano generator comprises a base, a top cover, a metal electrode, a contact layer and liquid metal; hemispherical pits are arranged in the base and the top cover; the metal electrode is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the pit of the base; the contact layer is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the metal electrode; the liquid metal is arranged between the base and the top cover and can freely vibrate in the spherical space; one end of the signal processing circuit is connected with the friction nano motor, and the other end of the signal processing circuit is grounded; the attached fixing layer is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the friction nano generator. The self-driven vibration sensor has the advantages of small volume, light weight, low cost and strong environmental compatibility, and can convert the vibration information of the ship mechanical equipment with the characteristics of medium and low frequency motion into an electric signal to realize self-driven vibration sensing of the ship mechanical equipment.)

1. The utility model provides a ship machine vibration self-driven sensing device based on friction nanometer generator which characterized in that: the device comprises a friction nano generator, a signal processing circuit and an attached fixing layer;

the friction nano generator comprises an insulating support body, a metal electrode, a contact layer and liquid metal; the insulating support body consists of a top cover and a base, and hemispherical pits are arranged in the base and the top cover; the metal electrode is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the pit of the base of the insulating support body; the contact layer is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the metal electrode; the liquid metal is arranged between the concave pits of the base and the top cover of the insulating support body, can freely vibrate in a spherical space, and is continuously contacted with and separated from the contact layer in the vibration process;

one end of the signal processing circuit is connected with the friction nano motor, and the other end of the signal processing circuit is grounded;

the attached fixing layer is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the friction nano generator, and the friction nano generator can be fixedly connected with the surface of the ship mechanical equipment through the attached fixing layer.

2. The self-driven sensing device of ship engine vibration based on friction nanometer generator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the signal processing circuit comprises a rectifying capacitor, a first-order active low-pass filter, an in-phase proportional amplifier and a passive filter; the rectifier capacitor is connected with the input end of a first-order active low-pass filter, the output end of the first-order active low-pass filter is connected with the input end of an in-phase proportional amplifier, and the output end of the in-phase proportional amplifier is connected with a passive filter; and the metal electrode of the friction nano generator is connected with the input end of the signal processing circuit, and the input end of the signal processing circuit is connected with the rectifying capacitor.

3. The self-driven sensing device of ship engine vibration based on friction nanometer generator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the contact layer is made of dielectric material.

4. The self-driven sensing device of ship engine vibration based on friction nanometer generator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and the surface of the contact layer is provided with uniformly distributed nanorod structures.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vibration sensing, in particular to a ship engine vibration self-driven sensing device based on a friction nano generator.

Background

The upgrading of the sensor technology is a challenge and a great demand for the development of intelligent ships in China, the novel ship mechanical vibration sensing technology is developed, the vibration monitoring level of ship cabin equipment is improved, the intelligent operation and health management of the equipment has great value and practical significance, and the method is also an important measure for promoting the intelligent process of the ship industry and driving the upgrading of the industry.

In the aspect of marine vibration sensors, electromagnetic type and eddy current type are mainly used at present, but the sensors of the two types need to be powered through cables in the process of generating signals. However, the vibration sensing using the cable for energy supply needs to be improved in monitoring accuracy and arrangement flexibility, and particularly, direct and accurate measurement is more difficult to achieve in vibration monitoring in a closed environment and a rotating environment. Aiming at the problems, the wireless vibration sensing network has the characteristics of self-organization, easiness in expansion, flexibility in deployment and the like, and can sense the vibration state more directly and accurately, so that the distributed mechanical vibration monitoring system based on the wireless sensor network has huge application potential in the field of intelligent cabin research. However, at present, the wireless vibration sensing node is generally powered by a storage battery with limited capacity, the processor performance of the wireless vibration sensing node is weak, and the battery can generate secondary pollution to the environment. In order to solve the problem, researchers develop the research of piezoelectric type self-driven vibration sensing, and the sensor does not need external energy supply in the process of generating sensing signals, so that a new way is provided for reducing the energy consumption of the wireless sensor. However, the output signal of the piezoelectric vibration sensing technology is weak, and is susceptible to the influence of temperature and humidity, and it is difficult to adapt to the actual cabin environment of the ship. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a novel vibration self-driven sensing device to meet the requirement of upgrading the vibration sensing technology of the smart ship.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a self-driven sensing device for ship engine vibration based on a friction nano generator. The vibration information of the ship mechanical equipment with the medium and low frequency motion characteristic can be converted into an electric signal, and the self-driven vibration sensing of the ship mechanical equipment is realized.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a ship-engine vibration self-driven sensing device based on a friction nano generator, which comprises the friction nano generator, a signal processing circuit and an attached fixing layer;

the friction nano generator comprises an insulating support body, a metal electrode, a contact layer and liquid metal; the insulating support body consists of a top cover and a base, and hemispherical pits are arranged in the base and the top cover; the metal electrode is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the pit of the base of the insulating support body; the contact layer is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the metal electrode; the liquid metal is arranged between the concave pits of the base and the top cover of the insulating support body, can freely vibrate in a spherical space, and is continuously contacted with and separated from the contact layer in the vibration process;

one end of the signal processing circuit is connected with the friction nano motor, and the other end of the signal processing circuit is grounded;

the attached fixing layer is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the friction nano generator, and the friction nano generator can be fixedly connected with the surface of the ship mechanical equipment through the attached fixing layer.

Furthermore, the signal processing circuit comprises a rectifying capacitor, a first-order active low-pass filter, an in-phase proportional amplifier and a passive filter; the rectifier capacitor is connected with the input end of a first-order active low-pass filter, the output end of the first-order active low-pass filter is connected with the input end of an in-phase proportional amplifier, and the output end of the in-phase proportional amplifier is connected with a passive filter; and the metal electrode of the friction nano generator is connected with the input end of the signal processing circuit, and the input end of the signal processing circuit is connected with the rectifying capacitor.

Further, the contact layer is made of a dielectric material.

Furthermore, the surface of the contact layer is provided with uniformly distributed nanorod structures.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention adopts a novel electromechanical conversion mode, can convert the vibration information of the ship mechanical equipment with the characteristics of medium and low frequency motion into an electric signal, and realizes the self-driven vibration sensing of the ship mechanical equipment;

2. the invention has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, low cost, strong environmental compatibility and the like, is directly attached to a tested mechanical part after being integrally packaged, and can directly and accurately monitor the vibration state of machinery;

3. the exquisite structure of the invention ensures that the device can be applied to most of equipment without influencing the normal operation of the equipment;

4. the moving part of the invention is liquid metal, so the running noise is very small; and the liquid metal has stronger shape adaptability, high contact tightness and excellent sensing performance.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a self-driven sensing device for ship engine vibration based on a friction nano-generator according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation principle of the friction nanogenerator in the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a surface-treated microstructure of a contact layer according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a signal processing circuit according to the present invention.

Wherein, the reference numbers: 1-a signal processing circuit; 11-a rectifying capacitor; 12-a first order active low pass filter; 13-an in-phase proportional amplifier; 14-a passive filter; 2-a metal electrode; 3-a contact layer; 31-nanorod structure; 4-liquid metal; 5-a top cover; 6-a base; 7-hemispherical pits; 8-attaching the fixing layer.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "one side", "the other side", "left", "right", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not mean that a device or an element must have a specific orientation, be configured in a specific orientation, and be operated.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a specific structure of an embodiment of a ship engine vibration self-driving sensing device based on a friction nano generator according to the present invention is shown. The device comprises a friction nanometer generator, a signal processing circuit 1 and an attached fixing layer.

The friction nano generator comprises an insulating support body, a metal electrode 2, a contact layer 3 and liquid metal 4; the insulating support body consists of a top cover 5 and a base 6, and hemispherical pits 7 are arranged in the base 6 and the top cover 5; the metal electrode 2 is fixedly connected with the inner surface of a hemispherical pit 7 of an insulating support base 6; the contact layer 3 is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the metal electrode 2; the liquid metal 4 is arranged between the base 6 of the insulating support body and the hemispherical pit 7 of the top cover 5, can freely vibrate in a spherical space formed between the base 6 and the top cover 5, and is continuously contacted with and separated from the contact layer 3 in the vibration process; the contact layer 3 is made of dielectric material, and the inner surface of the contact layer is provided with uniformly distributed nanorod structures 31.

The signal processing circuit 1 comprises a rectifying capacitor 11, a first-order active low-pass filter 12, an in-phase proportional amplifier 13 and a passive filter 14; one end of the rectifying capacitor 11 is connected with the friction nano generator, the other end of the rectifying capacitor is connected with the input end of a first-order active low-pass filter 12, the output end of the first-order active low-pass filter 12 is connected with the input end of a non-inverting proportional amplifier 13, and the output end of the non-inverting proportional amplifier 13 is connected with a passive filter 14; the first-order active low-pass filter 12 is composed of a first resistor and a second capacitor; the in-phase proportional amplifier 13 is composed of a second resistor, a third resistor and an operational amplifier; the passive filter 14 is formed by a fourth resistor and a third capacitor. The metal electrode 2 of the friction nano generator is connected with the input end of the signal processing circuit 1, and the input end of the signal processing circuit is connected with the rectifying capacitor 11.

The attached fixing layer 8 is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the friction nano generator, and the friction nano generator can be fixedly connected with the surface of the ship mechanical equipment through the attached fixing layer 8.

Under operating condition, this device is direct through attached fixed bed 8 attached on boats and ships mechanical equipment surface after whole encapsulation, real-time supervision mechanical equipment's vibration state, the vibration signal conversion is the signal of telecommunication into in the collection of friction nanometer generator, transmits to the computer end after signal processing circuit rectification, filtering.

In the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the operation principle of the friction nano-generator can be generalized to the coupling effect of friction action and electrostatic induction. The friction nanogenerator generates vibration under the condition of mechanical vibration and can excite the contact and separation of the internal liquid metal 4 and the contact layer 3, the liquid metal 4 is in contact with the contact layer 3 to enable the liquid metal 4 to be positively charged due to different triboelectric sequences of the liquid metal 4 and a dielectric material, when the liquid metal 4 moves from top to bottom as shown in figure 2(a), the distance between the liquid metal 4 and the contact layer 3 is reduced, free electrons are attracted to flow into the metal electrode 2, and a current diagram as shown in figure 2(b) is formed in an external circuit; as the distance between the liquid metal 4 and the contact layer 3 becomes gradually smaller, the free electrons continue to flow in until a new electrostatic equilibrium diagram is established, as shown in fig. 2 (c); when the liquid metal 4 moves upward away from the contact layer 3 as shown in fig. 2(d), the electrostatic equilibrium is broken and free electrons flow out of the metal electrode 2. The friction nanogenerator continuously outputs an electrical signal as the liquid metal 4 is continuously in contact with and separated from the contact layer 3.

The friction nano generator outputs alternating current which is rectified by a rectifying capacitor 11; then a first-order active low-pass filter 12 composed of a first resistor and a second capacitor filters out high-frequency interference signals; then, amplifying the signal through an in-phase proportional amplifier 13 composed of a second resistor, a third resistor and an operational amplifier; the amplified signal passes through a passive filter 14 formed by a fourth resistor and a third capacitor to filter out higher harmonics; finally, the signal is sent to the computer.

The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.