阅读说明：本技术 一种调控油茶成熟果实集中脱落的组合物 (Composition for regulating concentrated shedding of mature fruits of camellia oleifera ) 是由 彭邵锋 陈雄 陆佳 王鹏 张震 颜亚奇 马力 许彦明 刘彩霞 唐炜 彭映赫 于 2020-06-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种调控油茶成熟果实集中脱落的组合物,特别涉及油茶果实成果及脱落领域,属于油茶轻简高效栽培技术领域。一种调控油茶成熟果实脱落的组合物,所述组合物包括：乙烯利-胺鲜酯互配剂30-50ml、诱抗素30-50ml、氨基酸溶液25-50ml、水15-50L。本发明的组合物可促进油茶果实集中脱落,一方面可大幅降低人工采摘成本,另一方面,基本不受栽培立地条件、林分结构、树体大小、栽培密度等条件限制,应用前景十分广阔。本发明的组合物为植物五大内源激素,绿色环保,同时结合叶面肥能补充树体营养,能有效促进油茶成熟果实集中脱落的同时不损伤植株本身及枝叶,同时促进了有效花芽的开花和第二年的结果。(The invention relates to a composition for regulating and controlling concentrated shedding of mature fruits of oil-tea camellia, in particular to the field of fruit achievement and shedding of the oil-tea camellia fruits, and belongs to the technical field of light, simple and efficient cultivation of the oil-tea camellia. A composition for regulating the shedding of ripe fruit of camellia oleifera, the composition comprising: 30-50ml of ethephon-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate mixture, 30-50ml of abscisic acid, 25-50ml of amino acid solution and 15-50L of water. The composition can promote the concentrated shedding of the oil tea fruits, greatly reduce the manual picking cost on one hand, and basically is not limited by conditions such as cultivation site conditions, forest stand structures, tree sizes, cultivation density and the like on the other hand, so that the application prospect is very wide. The composition is five endogenous hormones of plants, is green and environment-friendly, can supplement tree nutrition by combining with foliar fertilizer, can effectively promote the mature fruits of the camellia oleifera to fall off intensively without damaging the plants and branches and leaves, and promotes the blossoming of effective flower buds and the fruiting in the next year.)

1. The composition for regulating centralized shedding of mature fruits of oil-tea camellia is characterized by comprising the following components in volume ratio: 30-50ml of ethephon-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate mutual agent solution, 30-50ml of abscisic acid solution, 25-50ml of amino acid solution and 15-50L of water;

in the ethephon-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate blending agent solution, the ethephon-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate accounts for (25-40) by mass: (2-8).

2. The composition for regulating centralized abscission of mature camellia oleifera fruits according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises: 30ml of the vinyl Lily-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate mixture solution, 30ml of the abscisic acid solution, 25ml of the amino acid solution and 15L of water.

3. The composition for regulating and controlling concentrated shedding of mature fruits of camellia oleifera according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the diethylhexyl maleate to the diethylhexyl maleate in the solution of the co-agent of ethephon-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate is 27:3 by mass.

4. The composition for regulating and controlling the concentrated shedding of mature fruits of camellia oleifera according to claim 1, wherein the solution of the ethephon-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate is prepared by mixing ethephon and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and dissolving the mixture in a solvent.

5. The composition for regulating and controlling concentrated shedding of mature fruits of camellia oleifera according to claim 1, wherein the solution of the ethephon-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate mixture is 30% by mass, and the solvent is water.

6. The composition for regulating centralized shedding of mature fruits of camellia oleifera according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of S-abscisic acid in the abscisic acid solution is 0.1%.

7. The composition for regulating and controlling concentrated shedding of mature fruits of camellia oleifera according to claim 1, wherein amino acids in the amino acid solution are not less than 100g/L, and Cu + Fe + Mn + Zn is not less than 20 g/L.

8. A method for using the composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composition is uniformly sprayed to the camellia oleifera plants at an amount of 100 and 150 kg/mu.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the camellia oleifera plants are sprayed with camellia oleifera fruits with emphasis.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the time period of spraying is one week before fruit picking.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a composition for regulating and controlling the falling of mature fruits of oil-tea camellia, in particular to the field of fruit achievement and falling of the oil-tea camellia fruits, and belongs to the technical field of simple and efficient cultivation of the oil-tea camellia.

Background

At present, the planting area of the national camellia oleifera exceeds 6500 ten thousand mu, the distribution is wide, the area is large, the annual output value exceeds 1024 hundred million yuan, and the method plays a significant role in increasing the supply of high-quality edible vegetable oil, maintaining the national grain and oil safety, promoting the economic development of forest regions, helping forest farmers to defy poverty and get rich, building elegant villages, new socialist villages and the like. However, the development of the oil tea industry still has some bottleneck problems, especially the problem of picking the oil tea fruits always troubles oil tea companies and growers, the picking cost accounts for 1/3-1/2 of the total cost of the current year, the profit is difficult to improve, and the planting enthusiasm of oil tea operators is seriously influenced. In general, the factors that the oil tea picking is difficult to solve and the cost is high mainly include the following:

1. the tea-oil tree planting area is mostly a mountain and hilly area, the geographic position is relatively deviated, the slope is large, the planting density is different, most of forest stands are dense, and great challenge is brought to mechanical application;

2. the oil tea picking machine tool or platform is in a research, development and attack stage and is not really put into production and application;

3. along with the increase of the tree age, the crown of the camellia oleifera is continuously expanded, the height of the camellia oleifera entering the high yield period can reach more than 3m, and the camellia oleifera can not be picked without using tools such as ladders;

4. the camellia oleifera flowers and fruits are picked in the same period by holding the fruits and carrying the fetus, so that the fruits and fruits cannot be picked simply by beating, vibrating and the like, and basically, the single fruits can be picked one by one, so that the picking efficiency is low;

5. at present, oil tea picking basically depends on manual picking, young labor force in rural areas is in short supply day by day, old labor force cannot bear heavy work such as picking, and the picking cost is continuously increased.

The bottleneck problem restricts the healthy and sustainable development of the oil tea industry.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a composition for regulating centralized shedding of mature fruits of oil-tea camellia, which is reasonably matched with endogenous hormones of plants according to the biological characteristics of the oil-tea camellia, can obviously promote the centralized shedding of the oil-tea camellia fruits and achieve the aim of cracking fruit shells without damaging fruit trees.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a composition for regulating the concentrated abscission of mature fruits of camellia oleifera, the composition comprising: 30-50ml of the vinyl alcohol-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate mixture solution, 30-50ml of the abscisic acid solution, 25-50ml of the amino acid solution and 15-50L of water.

Preferably, the composition comprises: 30ml of the vinyl Lily-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate mixture solution, 30ml of the abscisic acid solution, 25ml of the amino acid solution and 15L of water.

Preferably, in the ethephon-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate mixture solution, the ethephon-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate is (25-40): (2-8).

Preferably, the weight ratio of the ethephon-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate in the solution of the ethephon-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate is 27: 3.

Preferably, the solution of the ethephon-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate is prepared by mixing ethephon and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and dissolving the mixture in a solvent.

Preferably, the solvent is water.

The mass concentration of the effective components in the ethephon-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate blending agent solution is 30%.

The ethephon in the ethephon-diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate mixture solution is absorbed by stems and leaves of plants, is transmitted to cells, is decomposed to generate ethylene, regulates the content of endogenous ethylene, promotes flowering of the plants, and accelerates maturation, aging and falling of leaves and fruits; the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate can improve the activity of peroxidase and nitrate reductase, enhance the absorption of plants to water and fertilizer, improve the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen, increase the number of blooms, improve the seed setting rate, promote early maturity and high yield, improve the quality of fruits and enhance the resistance of plants; the two are mutually matched, so that the absorption of water and fertilizer by the camellia oleifera plants in the fruit maturation period can be promoted, the flowering number is increased, the fruit maturation is promoted to be neat and fall off intensively, and the stress resistance of the trees is improved. The aim of the blending of the ethephon and the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate in proportion is to make the ethephon act in a short time and promote the fruits to fall off quickly and intensively on the one hand, and to reduce the stimulation and influence of the ethephon on other organs such as leaves and the like and reduce the falling off on the other hand.

Preferably, the mass concentration of the S-abscisic acid in the abscisic acid solution is 0.1%.

The elicitor is used as a key factor for balancing the metabolism of endogenous hormones and related growth active substances of plants, promotes the balanced absorption of water and fertilizer by the plants, coordinates the metabolism in vivo, induces the expression of stress-resistant genes, effectively activates the stress-resistant immune system in the plants, enhances the comprehensive resistance of the plants, and slows down the influence of the rapid change of the endogenous hormones caused by the regulation and control of the exogenous hormones such as ethephon and the like.

Preferably, the amino acid is dissolved in the amino acid of more than or equal to 100g/L, and Cu + Fe + Mn + Zn is more than or equal to 20g/L

The amino acid solution is a foliar fertilizer, and aims to increase nutrient absorption of plants, improve yield and quality, reduce influence of ethephon on leaves and ensure normal growth of the leaves.

The invention also provides a use method of the composition, which comprises the following steps:

s1, weighing the required components according to the weight ratio, and uniformly mixing;

s2, uniformly spraying the mixed composition on oil tea plants, wherein the usage amount of the adult high-yield trees is 100-150 kg/mu; and after the fruits fall off completely, carrying out centralized collection.

Preferably, the camellia oleifera plants sprayed in S2 are sprayed with camellia oleifera fruits with emphasis.

Preferably, the time of spraying is one week before picking the fruits.

Preferably, the camellia oleifera plant is sprayed to ensure that the camellia oleifera plant stays on the plant within 4-6 hours.

Preferably, the composition is flushed within 4-6 hours, and a supplemental spray is required.

Tests show that the fruits fall off concentratedly 7-9 days after the composition is used, so that the concentrated fruit falling off can be realized, and the manual picking cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the plant and the branches and leaves thereof are not influenced at all, and the branches and leaves can not fall off.

The invention is further explained below:

based on the cultivation targets of 'light, simple, efficient and ecological', on the basis of the mechanical characteristics and endogenous hormone change level research of a large number of different organs such as fruits, flower buds, leaves and the like of the camellia oleifera fruits in the mature period in the early period, the formula composition for regulating and controlling the concentrated fruit shedding is researched and developed by combining the functions and action mechanisms of different plant growth regulators, the concentrated fruit shedding of the camellia oleifera fruits is promoted by spraying leaves in the mature period of the fruits, the collecting mat is paved under the crown in advance, and the fruits are collected uniformly after the fruits completely shed. The unmanned aerial vehicle spraying technology can be combined in the standard camellia oleifera cultivation base, and large-scale operation is realized. Therefore, on one hand, the manual picking cost can be greatly reduced, on the other hand, the manual picking is basically not limited by conditions such as cultivation site conditions, forest stand structures, tree body sizes and cultivation density, and the application prospect is very wide. In addition, because the flowers and fruits of the camellia oleifera are in the same period, the ethephon has an irritation effect on partial flower buds, so that the partial flower buds germinate and fall off, the flower bud load capacity is reduced, the leaf-flower ratio is adjusted, and the components of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, the abscisic acid, the amino acid solution and the like promote the redistribution and the distribution of nutrients, and promote the flowering of effective flower buds and the fruit growth in the next year.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the composition can promote the concentrated shedding of the oil tea fruits, greatly reduce the manual picking cost on one hand, and basically is not limited by conditions such as cultivation site conditions, forest stand structures, tree sizes, cultivation density and the like on the other hand, so that the application prospect is very wide.

2. The composition is five endogenous hormones of plants, is green and environment-friendly, can supplement the nutrition of trees by combining with foliar fertilizer, can effectively promote the mature fruits of the oil-tea camellia to fall off in a centralized manner, and does not damage the plants and branches and leaves while the fruit shells crack.

3. The composition of the present invention can reduce the flower bud load, regulate the leaf-flower ratio, promote the effective flower bud blossom and the fruit growth in the next year.

3. The composition disclosed by the invention is simple to use, environment-friendly in material source, good in effect and low in package cost.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is the fruit status of different varieties of camellia oleifera after spraying of the composition of example 1 of the present invention at different periods.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.