阅读说明：本技术 阀装置 (Valve device ) 是由 河本阳一郎 押谷洋 长野阳平 前田纮志 铃木达博 于 2020-02-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：用于制冷循环的阀装置具备主体(100)、阀室(10)内的阀芯(13、15)以及用于使阀芯(13、15)移动的阀部件(X1),阀部件(X1)具有：基部,该基部形成有供制冷剂流通的制冷剂室、与制冷剂室连通的第一制冷剂孔以及与制冷剂室连通的第二制冷剂孔；驱动部,该驱动部当自身的温度发生变化时进行位移；放大部,该放大部对驱动部的由温度的变化引起的位移进行放大；以及可动部,该可动部被传递由放大部放大后的位移而移动,从而对经由制冷剂室的第一制冷剂孔与第二制冷剂孔之间的制冷剂的流量进行调整,第一制冷剂孔和第二制冷剂孔中的一方与阀装置的外部的流路连通,另一方与阀室(10)连通。(A valve device for a refrigeration cycle is provided with a main body (100), valve elements (13, 15) in a valve chamber (10), and a valve member (X1) for moving the valve elements (13, 15), wherein the valve member (X1) comprises: a base portion in which a refrigerant chamber through which a refrigerant flows, a first refrigerant hole communicating with the refrigerant chamber, and a second refrigerant hole communicating with the refrigerant chamber are formed; a driving unit that displaces when the temperature of the driving unit changes; an amplification unit that amplifies a displacement of the drive unit caused by a change in temperature; and a movable portion that is moved by transmitting the displacement amplified by the amplifying portion, and adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant between the first refrigerant hole and the second refrigerant hole that pass through the refrigerant chamber, one of the first refrigerant hole and the second refrigerant hole communicating with a flow path outside the valve device, and the other communicating with the valve chamber (10).)

1. A valve device for a refrigeration cycle, comprising:

a main body (100, Q141, R21) having a first port (1, Q141a, RP1), a second port (2, Q141b, RP3), and a valve chamber (10, Q51, RV0) through which a refrigerant flowing from the first port to the second port flows;

a spool (13, 15, Q144, R26) that switches between communication and disconnection between the first port and the second port through the valve chamber by displacement in the valve chamber; and

a valve member (X1, Y1) that changes a pressure for moving the valve body by adjusting a flow rate of a refrigerant between an external communication passage (8, Q148, R28, R29, R30, R31) that communicates with a refrigerant flow path outside the valve device in the refrigeration cycle and the valve chamber,

the valve member has:

a base (X11, X121, X13, Y11, Y121, Y13) having a refrigerant chamber (X19, Y19) through which a refrigerant flows, a first refrigerant hole (X16, Y16) communicating with the refrigerant chamber, and a second refrigerant hole (X17, Y17) communicating with the refrigerant chamber;

a drive unit (X123, X124, X125, Y123, Y124, Y125) that displaces when the temperature of the drive unit changes;

an amplification unit (X126, X127, Y126, Y127) that amplifies the displacement of the drive unit caused by a change in temperature; and

a movable portion (X128, Y128) that is moved in the refrigerant chamber by transmitting the displacement amplified by the amplification portion, and that adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant between the first refrigerant hole and the second refrigerant hole that pass through the refrigerant chamber,

when the driving unit is displaced due to a change in temperature, the driving unit biases the amplifying unit at a biasing position (XP2, YP2), so that the amplifying unit is displaced about a hinge (XP0, YP0) as a fulcrum, and the amplifying unit biases the movable unit at a connecting position (XP3, YP3) where the amplifying unit and the movable unit are connected,

a distance from the hinge to the connection position is longer than a distance from the hinge to the force application position,

one of the first refrigerant hole and the second refrigerant hole communicates with the external communication passage, and the other communicates with the valve chamber.

2. The valve device according to claim 1,

the base has a first outer layer (X11, Y11) in a plate shape, a second outer layer (X13, Y13) in a plate shape, and a fixing portion (X121, Y121) sandwiched by the first outer layer and the second outer layer,

holes (X14, X15, Y14, Y15) for passing electric wires (X6, X7, Y6, Y7) for changing the temperature of the drive unit are formed in the first outer layer,

the first refrigerant hole and the second refrigerant hole are formed in the second outer layer.

3. The valve device according to claim 1 or 2,

the valve member is a first valve member (Y1),

the external communication passage is a first external communication passage (R28, R30),

the valve device is provided with a second valve member (X1, Y1) that changes the pressure for moving the valve body by adjusting the flow rate of refrigerant between a second external communication passage (R29, R31) that communicates with a refrigerant flow path outside the valve device in the refrigeration cycle and the valve chamber,

the second valve member further has, as compared with the first valve member:

a base (Y11, Y121, Y13) formed with a refrigerant chamber (Y19) through which a refrigerant flows, a first refrigerant hole (Y16) communicating with the refrigerant chamber, and a second refrigerant hole (Y17) communicating with the refrigerant chamber;

a drive unit (Y123, Y124, Y125) that displaces when the temperature of the drive unit changes;

an amplification unit (Y126, Y127) that amplifies the displacement of the drive unit caused by a change in temperature; and

a movable portion (Y128) that is moved by transmitting the displacement amplified by the amplification portion and adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant between the first refrigerant hole and the second refrigerant hole via the refrigerant chamber,

when the driving portion of the second valve member is displaced due to a change in temperature, the driving portion of the second valve member biases the amplifying portion of the second valve member at a biasing position (YP2) of the second valve member, so that the amplifying portion of the second valve member is displaced about a hinge (YP0) of the second valve member as a fulcrum, and the amplifying portion of the second valve member biases the movable portion of the second valve member at a connecting position (YP3) of the amplifying portion of the second valve member and the movable portion of the second valve member,

a distance from the hinge of the second valve member to the connecting position of the second valve member is longer than a distance from the hinge of the second valve member to the biasing position of the second valve member,

one of the first refrigerant hole of the second valve member and the second refrigerant hole of the second valve member communicates with the second external communication passage, and the other communicates with the valve chamber.

4. The valve device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

the valve device is integrated with a compressor (R1) constituting the refrigeration cycle.

5. The valve device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,

the valve member is provided with a failure detection unit (X50, Y50) that outputs a signal for determining whether the valve member is operating normally or has failed.

6. The valve device according to claim 5,

the signal is a signal corresponding to the amount of strain of the amplifying section.

7. The valve device according to claim 5 or 6,

the drive portion generates heat by being energized,

the failure detection unit outputs the signal to a device (X55, Y55) that stops energization of the valve member when the valve member fails.

8. The valve device according to claim 5 or 6,

when the valve member is in a failure, the failure detection unit outputs the signal to a device (X55, Y55) that operates a reporting device (X56, Y56) that reports a person.

9. The valve device according to any one of claims 1 to 8,

the valve member is constituted by a semiconductor chip.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a valve device for a refrigeration cycle.

Background

Conventionally, as a valve device used in a refrigeration cycle, a valve member different from a certain valve element is used to move the valve element. For example, patent document 1 describes a technique for moving a certain valve element by a valve member driven by a solenoid.

Documents of the prior art

Patent document

Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2006-97761

However, according to the study of the inventors of the present application, in the valve device described in patent document 1, the solenoid is generally large in size, and the valve device becomes large in size.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to facilitate size reduction in a valve device used in a refrigeration cycle, in which a valve member different from a valve body is used to move the valve body, compared to the conventional valve device.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a valve device for a refrigeration cycle includes: a body formed with a first port, a second port, and a valve chamber through which refrigerant flowing from the first port to the second port flows; a spool that switches communication between and cuts off communication between the first port and the second port of the valve chamber by being displaced in the valve chamber; and a valve member that changes a pressure for moving the valve body by adjusting a flow rate of a refrigerant between an external communication path and the valve chamber, the external communication path communicating with a refrigerant flow path outside the valve device in the refrigeration cycle, the valve member including: a base portion in which a refrigerant chamber through which a refrigerant flows, a first refrigerant hole communicating with the refrigerant chamber, and a second refrigerant hole communicating with the refrigerant chamber are formed; a driving unit that displaces when the temperature of the driving unit changes; an amplification unit that amplifies a displacement of the drive unit caused by a change in temperature; and a movable portion that is moved in the refrigerant chamber by transmitting displacement amplified by the amplifying portion, and adjusts a flow rate of the refrigerant between the first refrigerant hole and the second refrigerant hole via the refrigerant chamber, wherein when the driving portion is displaced due to a change in temperature, the driving portion biases the amplifying portion at a biasing position, so that the amplifying portion is displaced about a hinge, and the amplifying portion biases the movable portion at a connecting position between the amplifying portion and the movable portion, and a distance from the hinge to the connecting position is longer than a distance from the hinge to the biasing position, and one of the first refrigerant hole and the second refrigerant hole communicates with the external communication passage, and the other communicates with the valve chamber.

Since the amplification portion of the valve member configured as described above functions as a lever, the displacement amount of the driving portion corresponding to the temperature change is amplified by the lever and transmitted to the movable portion. In this way, the displacement amount caused by thermal expansion is amplified by the lever, which contributes to miniaturization compared to a solenoid valve that does not utilize such a lever.

The parenthesized reference numerals attached to the respective components and the like indicate an example of correspondence between the components and the like and specific components and the like described in the embodiments described later.

Drawings

Fig. 1A is a diagram showing a basic concept of the function of a three-way valve in the first embodiment.

Fig. 1B is a diagram showing a basic concept of the function of the three-way valve.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the three-way valve.

Fig. 3 is a right side view of the three-way valve.

Fig. 4 is a bottom view of the three-way valve.

Fig. 5 is a V-V sectional view of fig. 2, showing a state when no current is applied.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI in fig. 2, showing a state in which no current is applied.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view along line VII-VII in fig. 2, showing a state when no current is applied.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the valve assembly and its periphery.

Figure 9 is an exploded view of a microvalve.

Figure 10 is a front view of a microvalve.

Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view XI-XI of fig. 10, showing a state when no current is applied.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view of XII-XII in fig. 10, showing a state when no current is applied.

Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view XI-XI of fig. 10, showing a state at the time of energization.

Fig. 14 is a sectional view of XII-XII in fig. 10, showing a state at the time of energization.

Fig. 15 is a V-V sectional view of fig. 2, showing a state at the time of energization.

Fig. 16 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI in fig. 2, showing a state at the time of energization.

Fig. 17 is a sectional view VII-VII in fig. 2, showing a state at the time of energization.

Fig. 18A is a diagram showing a non-operating state.

Fig. 18B is a diagram showing a non-operating state.

Fig. 19A is a diagram showing the first state.

Fig. 19B is a diagram showing the first state.

Fig. 20A is a diagram showing the second state.

Fig. 20B is a diagram showing the second state.

Fig. 21 is a diagram of a refrigeration cycle including a main portion section of the expansion valve in the second embodiment.

Fig. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view of the expansion valve, showing a different sectional position from fig. 1.

Fig. 23 is a cross-sectional view of the expansion valve.

Fig. 24 is a configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit including the four-way valve according to the third embodiment, and shows a state in which a valve element is shifted leftward.

FIG. 25 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the valve assembly and its periphery.

Figure 26 is an exploded view of a microvalve.

Figure 27 is a front view of a microvalve.

Fig. 28 is a sectional view XXVIII-XXVIII in fig. 27, showing a state when not energized.

Fig. 29 is a sectional view of XXIX to XXIX in fig. 27, showing a state when no current is applied.

Fig. 30 is a sectional view XXVIII-XXVIII of fig. 27, showing a state at the time of maximum power supply.

Fig. 31 is a sectional view of XXIX to XXIX in fig. 27, showing a state when the maximum power is applied.

Fig. 32 is a configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit including a four-way valve, showing a state in which a valve element is shifted rightward.

Fig. 33 is a sectional view of a compressor and a four-way valve in the fourth embodiment.

Fig. 34 is a cross-sectional view of a microvalve in a fifth embodiment.

Fig. 35 is an enlarged view of the XXXV portion of fig. 34.

Fig. 36 is a cross-sectional view of a microvalve in a sixth embodiment.

Fig. 37 is an enlarged view of XXXVII in fig. 36.

Detailed Description

(first embodiment)

[ integral Structure ]

The first embodiment will be explained below. The three-way valve P0 as the valve device according to the present embodiment is disposed between the outdoor heat exchanger and the expansion valve, and switches the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle for switching between cooling and heating. The three-way valve P0 has three fluid ports. The refrigeration cycle may be a refrigeration cycle used in an air conditioner for a vehicle. As shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the three fluid inlets and outlets are a first port 1, a second port 2, and a third port 3.

As shown in fig. 1A, in a state where the three-way valve P0 is not energized, the low-pressure refrigerant acts on the second port 2, and the high-pressure refrigerant flows from the first port 1 to the third port 3. As shown in fig. 1B, in a state where the three-way valve P0 is energized, the high-pressure refrigerant acts on the third port 3, and the low-pressure refrigerant flows from the first port 1 to the second port 2. In this way, the flow direction of the refrigerant is switched by switching the non-energization or the energization to the three-way valve P0.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the three-way valve P0 includes a block 100 made of metal such as aluminum alloy and a valve assembly X0 attached to the block 100. The second port 2 and the threaded hole 9 are formed in the front surface of the block 100, and the check valve cover 22 is attached to the upper left portion thereof. As shown in fig. 3, the block 100 has a first port 1 and a threaded hole 9 formed in a right side surface thereof. As shown in fig. 4, the third port 3 and the screw hole 9 are formed in the bottom surface of the block 100.

[ Block 100]

Next, the valve portion a and the check valve portion C formed inside the block 100 will be described. Fig. 5 is a V-V sectional view of fig. 2, showing a horizontal section of the block 100. Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI of fig. 2, and fig. 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII of fig. 2. Fig. 5, 6, and 7 each show a state in which current is not supplied to the three-way valve P0.

A first port 1 is formed on the right side surface of the block 100, a second port 2 is formed on the front surface, and a third port 3 is formed on the lower surface, and as shown in fig. 5, a first port pipe 1a is continuously formed on the first port 1. As shown in fig. 7, a second port line 2a is continuously formed at the second port 2. As shown in fig. 6, a third port pipe 3a is continuously formed at the third port 3.

[ valve section A ]

As shown in fig. 5, a valve portion a is disposed at an end portion of the first port pipe 1 a. As shown in fig. 7, the valve portion a includes a valve chamber 10, a valve seat 11, a bonnet 12, a valve body 13, a spring receiving recess 14, a spring 16, and a ball valve 15.

The valve chamber 10 includes a cylindrical space formed in the block 100 and an inner surface of the block 100 surrounding the space. A valve seat 11 is formed at the bottom of the valve chamber 10. The bonnet 12 is screwed to the block 100 at a large diameter portion above the valve chamber 10. The valve body 13 is a piston-like member disposed slidably in the valve chamber 10 in the up-down direction. The spring receiving recess 14 is a depression formed in the upper portion of the valve body 13. The spring 16 is disposed in a valve back pressure chamber 17 between the bonnet 12 and the valve body 13. The ball valve 15 is a spherical member that is crimped to the lower surface of the valve body 13. A first port pipe 1a is connected to a side portion of the valve chamber 10.

The member constituted by the valve body 13 and the ball valve 15 is a valve body that is displaced in the valve chamber 10 to switch communication between the first port 1 and the second port 2 passing through the valve chamber 10 and shut off the communication, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant.

[ Structure of valve Assembly X0 ]

Here, the structure of the valve assembly X0 will be described with reference to fig. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the valve assembly X0 includes a micro valve X1, a valve housing X2, a sealing member X3, two O-rings X4 and X5, and two electric wires X6 and X7.

The microvalve X1 is a plate-shaped valve member and is mainly composed of a semiconductor chip. Microvalve X1 may or may not have components other than a semiconductor chip. Therefore, the micro valve X1 can be configured to be small. The length of the microvalve X1 in the thickness direction is, for example, 2mm, the length of the microvalve X1 in the longitudinal direction orthogonal to the thickness direction is, for example, 10mm, and the length of the microvalve X in the short side direction orthogonal to both the longitudinal direction and the thickness direction is, for example, 5mm, but the invention is not limited thereto. The opening and closing are switched by switching between energization and non-energization to microvalve X1. Specifically, the micro valve X1 is a normally closed valve that opens when energized and closes when not energized. The energization and non-energization to the three-way valve P0 mean energization and non-energization to the micro valve X1. Microvalve X1 functions as a pilot valve.

The harnesses X6 and X7 extend from the surface of the microvalve X1 on the opposite side from the valve housing X2 out of the two plate surfaces on the front and back surfaces, and are connected to a power supply outside the valve assembly X0 through the inside of the seal member X3 and the valve housing X2. Thus, electric power is supplied from the power supply to the micro valve X1 through the electric wirings X6 and X7.

The valve housing X2 is a resin housing that houses the micro valve X1. The valve housing X2 is formed by resin molding with polyphenylene sulfide as a main component. The valve housing X2 is a box body having a bottom wall on one side and being open on the other side. The bottom wall of valve housing X2 is sandwiched between block 100 and microvalve X1 in such a way that microvalve X1 is not in direct contact with block 100. One surface of the bottom wall is fixed in contact with the block 100, and the other surface is fixed in contact with one of the two plate surfaces of the microvalve X1. By configuring in this manner, the valve housing X2 can absorb the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the microvalve X1 and the block 100. This is because the linear expansion coefficient of the valve housing X2 is a value between the linear expansion coefficient of the microvalve X1 and the linear expansion coefficient of the block 100.

The bottom wall of the valve housing X2 has a plate-shaped base portion X20 facing the microvalve X1, and first and second columnar projections X21 and X22 projecting from the base portion X20 in a direction away from the microvalve X1.

The first protrusion X21 and the second protrusion X22 are fitted into a recess formed in the block 100. A first communication hole XV1 is formed in the first protrusion X21 from the side end of the micro valve X1 to the side end of the third communication hole 8. In the refrigeration cycle, the flow path directly connected to the third port 2 from the outside of the three-way valve P0 and the third communication hole 8 are always in communication with each other via the third port 2. Therefore, the third communication hole 8 corresponds to the external communication path. A second communication hole XV2 is formed in the second protrusion X22 from the end of the micro valve X1 to the end of the pilot hole 7.

The seal member X3 is an epoxy resin member that seals the other open side of the valve housing X2. The sealing member X3 covers the plate surface of the microvalve X1 on the side opposite to the bottom wall side of the valve housing X2 out of the two plate surfaces of the front and back surfaces. In addition, the sealing member X3 realizes waterproofing and insulation of the harnesses X6, X7 by covering the harnesses X6, X7. The sealing member X3 is formed by resin potting or the like.

The O-ring X4 is attached to the outer periphery of the first protrusion X21, and seals between the block 100 and the first protrusion X21, thereby suppressing leakage of the refrigerant to the outside of the three-way valve P0. The O-ring X5 is attached to the outer periphery of the second protrusion X22, and seals between the block 100 and the second protrusion X22, thereby suppressing leakage of the refrigerant to the outside of the three-way valve P0.

Here, the structure of the microvalve X1 will be further described. As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the microvalve X1 is a MEMS having a first outer layer X11, an intermediate layer X12, and a second outer layer X13, all of which are made of semiconductor. MEMS is a short term for Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems). The first outer layer X11, the intermediate layer X12, and the second outer layer X13 are rectangular plate-shaped members each having the same outer shape, and are laminated in the order of the first outer layer X11, the intermediate layer X12, and the second outer layer X13. That is, the intermediate layer X12 is sandwiched by the first outer layer X11 and the second outer layer X13 from both sides. The second outer layer X13 of the first outer layer X11, the intermediate layer X12, and the second outer layer X13 is disposed on the side closest to the bottom wall of the valve housing X2. The structures of the first outer layer X11, the intermediate layer X12, and the second outer layer X13, which will be described later, are formed by a semiconductor manufacturing process such as chemical etching.

The first outer layer X11 is a conductive semiconductor member having a nonconductive oxide film on the surface thereof. As shown in fig. 9, the first outer layer X11 has two through holes X14 and X15 penetrating through the front and back surfaces. The ends of the electric wires X6 and X7, which are close to the micro valve X1, are inserted into the through holes X14 and X15, respectively.

The second outer layer X13 is a conductive semiconductor member having a nonconductive oxide film on the surface. As shown in fig. 9, 11, and 12, the second outer layer X13 has a first refrigerant hole X16 and a second refrigerant hole X17 penetrating through the front and rear surfaces. As shown in fig. 12, the first refrigerant hole X16 communicates with the first communication hole XV1 of the valve housing X2, and the second refrigerant hole X17 communicates with the second communication hole XV2 of the valve housing X2. The hydraulic diameters of the first refrigerant hole X16 and the second refrigerant hole X17 are, for example, 0.1mm or more and 3mm or less, but not limited thereto.

The intermediate layer X12 is a conductive semiconductor member and is sandwiched between the first outer layer X11 and the second outer layer X13. The intermediate layer X12 is in contact with the oxide film of the first outer layer X11 and the oxide film of the second outer layer X13, and therefore is electrically nonconductive from the first outer layer X11 and the second outer layer X13. As shown in fig. 11, the intermediate layer X12 includes a first fixed portion X121, a second fixed portion X122, a plurality of first ribs X123, a plurality of second ribs X124, a spine X125, an arm X126, a beam X127, and a movable portion X128.

The first fixed portion X121 is a member fixed to the first outer layer X11 and the second outer layer X13. The first fixing portion X121 is formed so as to surround the second fixing portion X122, the first rib X123, the second rib X124, the spine X125, the arm X126, the beam X127, and the movable portion X128 in the same one refrigerant chamber X19. The refrigerant chamber X19 is a chamber surrounded by the first fixing portion X121, the first outer layer X11, and the second outer layer X13. The first fixed portion X121, the first outer layer X11, and the second outer layer X13 correspond to the base portion as a whole. The harnesses X6 and X7 are harnesses for shifting the plurality of first ribs X123 and the plurality of second ribs X124 by changing the temperature thereof.

The fixation of the first fixation portions X121 with respect to the first outer layer X11 and the second outer layer X13 is performed in such a manner that: refrigerant is prevented from leaking from refrigerant chamber X19 through the outside of first refrigerant hole X16 and second refrigerant hole X17 and out of micro valve X1.

The second fixing portion X122 is fixed to the first outer layer X11 and the second outer layer X13. The second fixed portion X122 is surrounded by the first fixed portion X121 and is disposed apart from the first fixed portion X121.

The plurality of first ribs X123, the plurality of second ribs X124, the spine X125, the arm X126, the beam X127, and the movable portion X128 are not fixed to the first outer layer X11 and the second outer layer X13, and are displaceable with respect to the first outer layer X11 and the second outer layer X13.

The spine X125 has an elongated bar shape extending in the short side direction of the rectangular shape of the intermediate layer X12. One end in the longitudinal direction of the spine X125 is connected to the beam X127.

The plurality of first ribs X123 are disposed on one side of the spine X125 in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the spine X125. Also, a plurality of first ribs X123 are arranged along the length direction of the spine X125. Each first rib X123 has an elongated rod shape and can expand and contract according to temperature.

Each first rib X123 is connected at one end in the longitudinal direction thereof to the first fixing portion X121 and at the other end thereof to the spine X125. Each first rib X123 is inclined with respect to the spine X125 so as to be offset toward the longitudinal beam X127 of the spine X125 from the first fixing portion X121 side toward the spine X125 side. Also, the plurality of first ribs X123 extend parallel to each other.

The plurality of second ribs X124 are disposed on the other side of the spine X125 in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the spine X125. Also, a plurality of second ribs X124 are arranged along the length direction of the spine X125. Each of the second ribs X124 has an elongated bar shape and is capable of expanding and contracting according to temperature.

Each of the second ribs X124 is connected at one end in the longitudinal direction thereof to the second fixing portion X122 and at the other end thereof to the spine X125. Each second rib X124 is inclined with respect to the spine X125 so as to be offset toward the longitudinal beam X127 of the spine X125 from the second fixing portion X122 side toward the spine X125 side. Also, the plurality of second ribs X124 extend parallel to each other.

The plurality of first ribs X123, the plurality of second ribs X124, and the spine X125 correspond to the driving portion as a whole.

The arm X126 has an elongated bar shape extending non-orthogonally and parallel to the spine X125. One end of the arm X126 in the longitudinal direction is connected to the beam X127, and the other end is connected to the first fixing portion X121.

The beam X127 has an elongated rod shape extending in a direction crossing at about 90 ° with respect to the spine X125 and the arm X126. One end of the beam X127 is connected to the movable portion X128. The arm X126 and the beam X127 correspond to the enlarged portion as a whole.

A connection position XP1 of the arm X126 and the beam X127, a connection position XP2 of the spine X125 and the beam X127, and a connection position XP3 of the beam X127 and the movable portion X128 are arranged in this order along the longitudinal direction of the beam X127. When the connection point of the first fixing portion X121 and the arm X126 is the hinge XP0, the linear distance from the hinge XP0 to the connection position XP3 is longer than the linear distance from the hinge XP0 to the connection position XP2 in a plane parallel to the plate surface of the intermediate layer X12.

The outer shape of the movable portion X128 has a rectangular shape extending in a direction of substantially 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the beam X127. The movable portion X128 is movable integrally with the beam X127 in the refrigerant chamber X19. By moving the movable portion X128 in this manner, the first refrigerant port X16 and the second refrigerant port X17 communicate with each other via the refrigerant chamber X19 when the movable portion X is at a certain position, and the first refrigerant port X16 and the second refrigerant port X17 are blocked in the refrigerant chamber X19 when the movable portion X is at another position. Movable portion X128 is a frame shape surrounding through hole X120 penetrating through front and back surfaces of intermediate layer X12. Therefore, the through hole X120 also moves integrally with the movable portion X128. The through hole X120 is a part of the refrigerant chamber X19.

Further, at the first application point X129 in the vicinity of the portion of the first fixing portion X121 connected to the plurality of first ribs X123, the end of the micro valve X1 of the electric wiring X6 passing through the through hole X14 of the first outer layer X11 shown in fig. 9 is connected. Further, at the second application point X130 of the second fixed portion X122, the micro valve X1 side end of the electric wiring X7 passing through the through hole X15 of the first outer layer X11 shown in fig. 9 is connected.

[ operation of valve Assembly X0 ]

Here, the operation of the valve assembly X0 will be explained. When current is applied to the microvalve X1, voltage is applied from the harnesses X6 and X7 to the first application point X129 and the second application point X130. Then, a current flows through the plurality of first ribs X123 and the plurality of second ribs X124. The plurality of first ribs X123 and the plurality of second ribs X124 generate heat due to the current, and the temperature thereof rises. As a result, the plurality of first ribs X123 and the plurality of second ribs X124 expand in the longitudinal direction thereof.

As a result of the thermal expansion accompanying the temperature rise, the plurality of first ribs X123 and the plurality of second ribs X124 urge the spine X125 toward the connection position XP 2. The forced spine X125 pushes the beam X127 at the connection position XP 2. Thus, the connection position XP2 corresponds to the force application position. As a result, the member constituted by the beam X127 and the arm X126 integrally changes its posture with the hinge XP0 as a fulcrum and the connection position XP2 as a point of force. As a result, the movable portion X128 connected to the end portion of the beam X127 on the side opposite to the arm X126 also moves to the side where the spine X125 pushes the beam X127 in the longitudinal direction thereof. As a result of this movement, as shown in fig. 13 and 14, the movable portion X128 reaches a position where the distal end in the movement direction abuts against the first fixed portion X121. Hereinafter, this position of the movable portion X128 is referred to as an energization position.

In this way, the beam X127 and the arm X126 function as a lever having the hinge XP0 as a fulcrum, the connection position XP2 as a point of force, and the connection position XP3 as a point of action. As described above, in the plane parallel to the plate surface of the intermediate layer X12, the linear distance from the hinge XP0 to the connection position XP3 is longer than the linear distance from the hinge XP0 to the connection position XP 2. Therefore, the amount of movement of the connection position XP3, which is the point of action, is larger than the amount of movement of the connection position XP2, which is the point of force. Therefore, the displacement amount due to thermal expansion is amplified by the lever and transmitted to the movable portion X128.

As shown in fig. 13 and 14, when the movable portion X128 is at the energization position, the through hole X120 overlaps the first refrigerant hole X16 and the second refrigerant hole X17 in the direction perpendicular to the plate surface of the intermediate layer X12. In this case, the first refrigerant port X16 and the second refrigerant port X17 communicate with each other through the through hole X120 which is a part of the refrigerant chamber X19. As a result, the refrigerant can flow between the first communication hole XV1 and the second communication hole XV2 through the first refrigerant hole X16, the through hole X120, and the second refrigerant hole X17. That is, the micro valve X1 is opened.

At this time, the refrigerant flow path in the microvalve X1 has a U-turn structure. Specifically, the refrigerant flows into the micro valve X1 from the surface on one side of the micro valve X1, passes through the inside of the micro valve X1, and then flows out of the micro valve X1 from the surface on the same side of the micro valve X1. Similarly, the flow path of the refrigerant in the valve assembly X0 also has a U-turn structure. Specifically, the refrigerant flows into the valve assembly X0 from the surface on the one side of the valve assembly X0, passes through the valve assembly X0, and then flows out of the valve assembly X0 from the surface on the same side of the valve assembly X0. The direction orthogonal to the plate surface of the intermediate layer X12 is the stacking direction of the first outer layer X11, the intermediate layer X12, and the second outer layer X13.

When the micro valve X1 is not energized, the voltage application from the harnesses X6, X7 to the first application point X129 and the second application point X130 is stopped. Then, the current does not flow through the plurality of first ribs X123 and the plurality of second ribs X124, and the temperatures of the plurality of first ribs X123 and the plurality of second ribs X124 decrease. As a result, the plurality of first ribs X123 and the plurality of second ribs X124 contract in the longitudinal direction thereof, respectively.

As a result of the thermal contraction accompanying the temperature decrease, the plurality of first ribs X123 and the plurality of second ribs X124 urge the spine X125 to the side opposite to the connection position XP 2. The forced spine X125 pulls beam X127 at attachment position XP 2. As a result, the member constituted by the beam X127 and the arm X126 integrally changes its posture with the hinge XP0 as a fulcrum and the connection position XP2 as a point of force. As a result, the movable portion X128 connected to the end portion of the beam X127 on the side opposite to the arm X126 also moves to the side where the beam X127 is pulled by the spine X125 in the longitudinal direction. As a result of this movement, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the movable portion X128 reaches a position not abutting against the first fixed portion X121. Hereinafter, this position of the movable portion X128 is referred to as a non-energization position.

As shown in fig. 11 and 12, when the movable portion X128 is in the non-energization position, the through hole X120 overlaps the first refrigerant hole X16 in the direction perpendicular to the plate surface of the intermediate layer X12, but does not overlap the second refrigerant hole X17 in this direction. The second refrigerant hole X17 overlaps the movable portion X128 in the direction orthogonal to the plate surface of the intermediate layer X12. That is, the second refrigerant hole X17 is closed by the movable portion X128. Therefore, in this case, the first refrigerant hole X16 and the second refrigerant hole X17 are cut off in the refrigerant chamber X19. As a result, the refrigerant flow between the first communication hole XV1 and the second communication hole XV2 through the first refrigerant hole X16 and the second refrigerant hole X17 is blocked. That is, microvalve X1 is closed.

The microvalve X1 configured in this way can be easily miniaturized compared to a solenoid valve. One reason for this is that the microvalve X1 is formed of a semiconductor chip as described above. In addition, as described above, the use of the lever to amplify the displacement amount due to thermal expansion also contributes to downsizing as compared with a solenoid valve not using such a lever.

Further, since the lever is used, the amount of displacement due to thermal expansion can be suppressed as compared with the amount of movement of the movable portion X128. Therefore, the power consumption for driving the movable portion X128 can be reduced. Further, since the impact sound generated when the solenoid valve is driven can be eliminated, the noise can be reduced. In addition, since displacements of the plurality of first ribs X123 and the plurality of second ribs X124 are generated by heat, the noise reduction effect is high.

As described above, since both the micro valve X1 and the valve assembly X0 have the refrigerant flow path of the U-turn structure, the intrusion of the block body 100 can be reduced. That is, the depth of the recess formed in the block 100 to dispose the valve element X0 can be suppressed. The reason for this is as follows.

For example, assuming that the valve assembly X0 does not have a refrigerant flow path of a U-turn configuration, there is a refrigerant inlet on the block 100 side face of the valve assembly X0 and a refrigerant outlet on the opposite side face of the valve assembly X0. In this case, it is necessary to form refrigerant flow paths on both surfaces of the valve element X0. Therefore, if the refrigerant flow paths on both surfaces of the valve element X0 are also to be accommodated in the block 100, the recess formed in the block 100 must be made deeper in order to dispose the valve element X0. Further, since the micro valve X1 itself is small, the intrusion of the block 100 can be further reduced.

Further, when the harnesses X6 and X7 are disposed on the opposite side of the two surfaces of the microvalve X1 from the surface on which the first refrigerant hole X16 and the second refrigerant hole X17 are formed, the harnesses X6 and X7 can be placed on the side closer to the atmospheric atmosphere. Therefore, a sealing structure such as an airtight section for reducing the influence of the refrigerant atmosphere on the electric wirings X6 and X7 is not necessary. As a result, the three-way valve P0 can be downsized.

Further, since the micro valve X1 is lightweight, the three-way valve P0 is lightweight. Since the power consumption of the micro valve X1 is small, the three-way valve P0 is power-saving.

[ check valve section C ]

As shown in fig. 5, the check valve portion C is formed horizontally on the left side surface side of the valve chamber 10. The check valve portion C has a check valve chamber 20 provided through the block 100 and extending horizontally. A check valve seat 21 is formed at the bottom (i.e., the upper portion in fig. 5, the left portion in fig. 6) of the check valve chamber 20. The center hole of the check valve seat 21 communicates with the valve chamber 10 of the valve portion a through the first communication hole 5.

As shown in fig. 5, a piston-shaped check valve body 23 is disposed in the check valve chamber 20 so as to be slidable in the front-rear direction (i.e., in the vertical direction in fig. 5). A spherical ball valve 25 is fixed by caulking to the end of the check valve body 23 on the check valve seat 21 side (i.e., the upper end in fig. 5, and the left end in fig. 6). A spring receiving recess 24 and a check valve cover 22 are formed in the check valve body 23 on the side opposite to the ball valve 25 side. A spring 26 is disposed between the spring receiving recess 24 and the check valve cover 22. The spring 26 presses the ball valve 25 toward the check valve seat 21. The check valve cover 22 is screwed into the block 100 at the opening of the check valve chamber 20. A check back pressure chamber 27 is formed between the check valve cover 22 and the check valve spool 23. As shown in fig. 6, the back pressure check chamber 27 communicates with the third port pipe 3a through the second communication hole 6.

[ Effect ]

As described above, the valve portion a, the check valve portion C, and the valve assembly X0 are arranged three-dimensionally in the block 100. Therefore, in the following description of the operation, in addition to fig. 15 to 17, in order to facilitate understanding of the operation, the above-described respective configurations are newly arranged on a plane for the sake of simplicity, and the description is made with reference to fig. 18A, 18B, 19A, 19B, 20A, and 20B. In fig. 19A, 19B, 20A, and 20B, the regions where the high-pressure refrigerant exists are indicated by heavy hatching, and the regions where the low-pressure refrigerant exists are indicated by lighter hatching.

Fig. 18A and 18B are explanatory diagrams of a non-operating state of the three-way valve P0. Fig. 19A and 19B are explanatory diagrams of a case where the high-pressure refrigerant is caused to flow from the first port 1 to the third port 3 in the first state, that is, in a state where the three-way valve P0 is actuated without supplying electricity to the microvalve X1. Fig. 20A and 20B are explanatory diagrams of a case where the low-pressure refrigerant is caused to flow from the first port 1 to the second port 2 in the second state, that is, in a state where the micro valve X1 is energized and the three-way valve P0 is actuated.

(non-operating state)

As shown in fig. 11, when the three-way valve is in the non-operating state, the refrigerant does not move, and the valve portion a is in the closed state by the elastic force of the spring 16. The check valve portion C is also in the closed state by the elastic force of the spring 26. Then, micro valve X1 is not energized, and micro valve X1 is in a closed state.

(non-energized operation/from the first port 1 to the third port 3)

Next, as shown in fig. 19A and 19B, in order to cause the high-pressure refrigerant to flow from the first port 1 to the third port 3, it is assumed that the high-pressure refrigerant acts from the first port 1. At this time, as shown in fig. 19B and 7, the microvalve X1 is not energized and is in a closed state. Therefore, the third communication hole 8 and the pilot hole 7 are blocked, and the refrigerant pressure of the valve back-pressure chamber 17 is maintained. The refrigerant pressure of the valve chamber 10 to the valve body 13 and the ball valve 15 is substantially equal to the refrigerant pressure of the valve back pressure chamber 17. As shown in fig. 19A, the low-pressure refrigerant acts on the ball valve 15 from the second port pipe 2a side, but the pressure receiving area of the valve body 13 is large due to the high-pressure refrigerant pressure from the valve back pressure chamber 17 side. Therefore, the ball valve 15 is closed by the spring pressure of the spring 16.

As shown in fig. 19A, 5, and 6, the high-pressure refrigerant that has passed through the valve portion a acts on the ball valve 25 of the check valve portion C from the lower side (i.e., from the upper side in fig. 5) via the first communication hole 5. That is, the force acts on the ball valve 25 in the opening direction. Further, the refrigerant in the back pressure check chamber 27 flows out to the third port pipe 3a through the second communication hole 6, and therefore, the back pressure cannot be maintained. Therefore, the check valve portion C is in an open state. As a result, the high-pressure refrigerant flows from the first port 1 to the third port 3. Further, although the low-pressure refrigerant is acting on the second port 2 at this time, this is not a necessary constituent element.

(energized operation/from the first port 1 to the second port 2)

Next, a case where high-pressure refrigerant acts on the third port 3 and low-pressure refrigerant flows from the first port 1 to the second port 2 will be described. In this case, micro valve X1 is energized to become open. As shown in fig. 20A, when the low-pressure refrigerant acts on the valve portion a from the first port 1, the interior of the valve chamber 10 is filled with the low-pressure refrigerant. At this time, as shown by arrows in fig. 20B and 14, the low-pressure refrigerant reaching the valve back pressure chamber 17 flows through the pilot hole 7, the second communication hole XV2, the second refrigerant hole X17, the through hole X120, the first refrigerant hole X16, the first communication hole XV1, and the third communication hole 8, and flows out to the second port pipe 2 a. That is, the low-pressure refrigerant in the valve chamber 10 flows out from the second port 2 through the second port line 2 a.

Meanwhile, the ball valve 15 receives dynamic pressure of the refrigerant flowing from the first port pipe 1a, and the valve back pressure chamber 17 is not a closed space, so the pressure of the valve back pressure chamber 17 is lower than that of the second port pipe 2 a. Therefore, the valve chamber 10 is opened because the force generated by the differential pressure between both sides of the valve body 13 exceeds the spring force of the spring 16. As a result, the low-pressure refrigerant in the valve chamber 10 flows out from the valve seat 11 through the second port line 2a and out of the second port 2.

As shown in fig. 20A, the low-pressure refrigerant in the valve chamber 10 reaches the lower surface of the ball valve 25 through the first communication hole 5, and acts to move the ball valve 25 upward. However, the high-pressure refrigerant flowing from the third port 3 fills the check valve chamber 20 of the check valve portion C. Therefore, the refrigerant pressure from the back pressure check chamber 27 (i.e., from above) is greater for the check spool 23 and the ball valve 25 than the refrigerant pressure from below, so the check valve portion C maintains the closed state. Thus, the high-pressure refrigerant flowing from the first port 1 flows out to the second port 2.

As described above, the three-way valve P0 uses the valve assembly X0 instead of the solenoid valve, as compared with the three-way valve described in patent document 1. Therefore, the three-way valve P0 is more compact and quieter than the three-way valve described in patent document 1.

(second embodiment)

Hereinafter, a second embodiment will be described. The refrigeration cycle of fig. 21 is used for a vehicle air conditioner having independently controllable air conditioning units on the front seat side and the rear seat side of the vehicle, respectively.

The refrigeration cycle of fig. 21 includes a compressor Q10. An electromagnetic clutch, not shown, for turning on and off power transmission is attached to the compressor Q10. When the electromagnetic clutch is in the connected state, power is transmitted from a vehicle engine, not shown, and the compressor Q10 is operated to compress the intake refrigerant and discharge the refrigerant as a high-temperature high-pressure gas refrigerant. The condenser Q11 is cooled and condensed by an air cooling action of a cooling fan, not shown, and discharged gas refrigerant from the compressor Q10, and the condensed liquid refrigerant flows into the accumulator Q12. The accumulator Q12 separates the condensed refrigerant flowing into the inside thereof into gas and liquid, and allows only the liquid refrigerant to flow out.

A first expansion valve Q13, a second expansion valve Q14, a first evaporator Q15, and a second evaporator Q16 are disposed in parallel with each other on the downstream side of the accumulator Q12, the first expansion valve Q13 and the second expansion valve Q14 decompress and expand the liquid refrigerant into a gas-liquid two-phase state, and the first evaporator Q15 and the second evaporator Q16 evaporate the refrigerant that has passed through the first expansion valve Q13 and the second expansion valve Q14. Here, the first expansion valve Q13 and the first evaporator Q15 are provided in a front air conditioning unit Q17 disposed at an instrument panel portion in the front portion of the vehicle interior, and are used for air conditioning on the front seat side in the vehicle interior. The first expansion valve Q13 is a temperature type expansion valve in which the valve opening degree is automatically adjusted to maintain the superheat degree of the outlet refrigerant of the first evaporator Q15 at a predetermined value, as is well known. The first expansion valve Q13 has a temperature sensing tube Q13a, and the temperature sensing tube Q13a senses the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the first evaporator Q15 and changes the pressure of the refrigerant inside.

On the other hand, the second expansion valve Q14 and the second evaporator Q16 are provided in a rear air conditioning unit Q18, the rear air conditioning unit Q18 is disposed in the rear of the vehicle interior, for example, in the ceiling of a station wagon type automobile, and the second expansion valve Q14 and the second evaporator Q16 are used for air conditioning on the rear seat side in the vehicle interior. The second expansion valve Q14 is a valve device. Although not shown, it goes without saying that fans for air conditioning and the like are built in the front and rear air conditioning units Q17 and Q18. The refrigerant outlet sides of the first evaporator Q15 and the second evaporator Q16 are joined and connected to the suction side of the compressor Q10.

The second expansion valve Q14 is configured as a box-type expansion valve, and integrally incorporates a low-pressure refrigerant flow path Q140 through which the refrigerant at the outlet of the second evaporator Q16 flows, and a temperature sensing mechanism described later that senses the temperature of the refrigerant in the low-pressure refrigerant flow path Q140.

A valve assembly X0 is integrally assembled to the second tank-type expansion valve Q14. The structure of the valve assembly X0 is the same as that of the first embodiment. The micro valve X1 included in the valve assembly X0 functions as a pilot valve.

The second expansion valve Q14 has a prismatic valve body Q141 formed of a metal such as aluminum. The valve body Q141 corresponds to a main body. As shown in fig. 21, the valve body Q141 includes a refrigerant inlet Q141a and a refrigerant outlet Q141b at positions on the lower side of the outer peripheral wall thereof. The refrigerant inlet Q141a receives the high-pressure liquid refrigerant from the accumulator Q12. The refrigerant outlet Q141b allows the low-pressure refrigerant decompressed and expanded in the throttle flow path Q144a described later to flow out of the valve body Q141. The refrigerant outflow port Q141b is connected to the refrigerant inlet Q16a of the second evaporator Q16. The refrigerant inlet Q141a and the refrigerant outlet Q141b correspond to the first port and the second port, respectively.

Further, the low-pressure refrigerant flow path Q140 is provided at a position on the upper side of the valve main body Q141 so as to penetrate in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the valve main body Q141, and a refrigerant inlet Q141c and a refrigerant outlet Q141d are opened at both ends of the low-pressure refrigerant flow path Q140. The refrigerant inlet Q141c is connected to the refrigerant outlet Q16b of the second evaporator Q16, and the gas refrigerant evaporated in the second evaporator Q16 flows therein.

The inflow gas refrigerant further passes through the low-pressure refrigerant flow path Q140, and flows out of the valve body Q141 from the refrigerant outflow port Q141 d. The refrigerant outflow port Q141d is connected to the suction side of the compressor Q10. A stepped bore Q142 is coaxially formed in the center of the valve main body Q141, and the stepped bore Q142 penetrates the low-pressure refrigerant flow path Q140 and extends in the vertical direction in the center of the valve main body Q141. A valve seat Q143 is formed at a lower end portion of the stepped inner hole Q142. The spherical valve body Q144 is disposed so as to be movable up and down and is disposed to face the valve seat Q143. As shown in fig. 22, a throttle flow path Q144a for decompressing and expanding the high-pressure side liquid refrigerant from the refrigerant inlet Q141a is formed between the valve seat Q143 and the spherical valve body Q144.

The valve body Q144 is a valve body that is displaced in the housing chamber Q51 to switch between communication and disconnection between the refrigerant inlet Q141a and the refrigerant outlet Q141b passing through the housing chamber Q51, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant.

A lower portion of the stepped inner hole Q142 is fitted with a working rod Q145 so as to be movable in the vertical direction. The lower end of the operating rod Q145 abuts against the spherical valve element Q144, and the spherical valve element Q144 can be displaced. Further, a small diameter portion Q145a is formed at a lower portion of the operating rod Q145. An annular refrigerant flow path Q145b is formed between the small diameter portion Q145a and the inner peripheral surface of the stepped inner hole Q142.

In the valve main body Q141, a communication hole Q146 is formed in a direction orthogonal to the stepped inner hole Q142. Thus, the annular refrigerant flow path Q145b is constantly in communication with one end of the communication hole Q146. In addition, the other end of the communication hole Q146 always communicates with the second communication hole XV2 of the valve assembly X0.

As shown in fig. 21 and 23, a refrigerant flow path Q148 is formed in the valve body Q141. One end of the refrigerant flow path Q148 is always in communication with the refrigerant outflow port Q141 b. The other end of the refrigerant flow path Q148 is always in communication with the first communication hole XV1 of the valve assembly X0. A flow path directly connected to the refrigerant outflow port Q141b from the outside of the second expansion valve Q14 in the refrigeration cycle is a flow path between the refrigerant inlet Q16a and the refrigerant outflow port Q141b of the second evaporator Q16. The flow passage and the third communication hole 8 are always communicated with each other through the third port 2. Therefore, the third communication hole 8 corresponds to the external communication path.

Next, a valve body operation mechanism for operating the valve body Q144 of the second expansion valve Q14 will be described. The diaphragm actuator Q30 constituting the valve body actuating mechanism includes two upper and lower case members Q31 and Q32, and a diaphragm Q33 as a pressure responsive member. The case members Q31 and Q32 are members made of stainless steel, and sandwich and fix the outer peripheral edge of the disc-shaped diaphragm Q33 made of stainless steel similarly.

Here, the disk-shaped diaphragm Q33 is assembled to be elastically deformable in the vertical direction of fig. 21. The inner space of the case members Q31, Q32 is partitioned into a temperature sensing chamber (i.e., a first pressure chamber) Q34 and a pressure equalizing chamber (i.e., a second pressure chamber) Q35 by a diaphragm Q33. The refrigerant similar to the refrigeration cycle refrigerant is sealed in the upper temperature sensing chamber Q34 at a predetermined pressure by a capillary tube Q36. The annular opening Q32a of the lower case member Q32 is screwed and fixed to a large-diameter opening end Q142a formed at the upper end of the stepped inner hole Q142 of the valve body Q141. The screw-fastening fixing portion is configured to be maintained airtight by an O-ring (i.e., an elastic sealing material) Q37 made of rubber.

The temperature sensing rod Q40 is formed in a cylindrical shape from a metal material having good heat conduction such as aluminum, and is disposed to penetrate through the low-pressure refrigerant flow path Q140 through which the gas refrigerant from the evaporator outlet flows, as shown in fig. 21 and 22, in order to sense the temperature of the evaporator outlet refrigerant. The upper end of the temperature sensing rod Q40 is configured as a large diameter portion Q41. The large diameter portion Q41 is disposed in the pressure equalizing chamber Q35, and abuts against one surface (i.e., the lower surface) of the disk-shaped diaphragm Q33. Therefore, the temperature change of the temperature sensing rod Q40 is transmitted to the refrigerant in the temperature sensing chamber Q34 through the diaphragm Q33 made of a thin metal plate, and the refrigerant pressure in the temperature sensing chamber Q34 becomes a pressure corresponding to the temperature of the evaporator outlet refrigerant flowing through the low-pressure refrigerant flow path Q140.

The temperature sensing rod Q40 is fitted slidably in the axial direction in the stepped inner hole Q142 of the valve body Q141. Thus, the temperature sensing rod Q40 also functions as a displacement transmission member for transmitting the displacement of the diaphragm Q33 to the valve body Q144 via the operating rod Q145. Therefore, the other end (i.e., the lower end) of the temperature sensing rod Q40 abuts one end (i.e., the upper end) of the operating rod Q145. Here, a rubber O-ring (i.e., an elastic sealing material) Q42 is disposed in a portion between the low-pressure refrigerant flow path Q140 and the pressure equalizing chamber Q35 in the axial direction of the stepped inner hole Q142. The O-ring Q42 maintains the air-tightness between the low-pressure refrigerant flow path Q140 and the pressure equalizing chamber Q35.

As shown in fig. 22, a pressure chamber Q43 is formed between the lower end of the temperature sensing rod Q40 and an intermediate stepped surface Q142b of the stepped inner hole Q142. Further, a communication hole Q44 is formed in the valve main body Q141. One end of the communication hole Q44 is always in communication with the communication hole Q146, and the other end is always in communication with the pressure chamber Q43.

The temperature sensing rod Q40 is provided with a communication hole Q45 axially penetrating the center of the temperature sensing rod Q40, and a groove Q46 is provided at the lower end of the temperature sensing rod Q40. Therefore, even if the lower end of the temperature sensing rod Q40 abuts on the upper end of the operating rod Q145, the pressure chamber Q43 is always communicated with the communication hole Q45 through the groove portion Q46.

Therefore, the refrigerant pressure between the second communication hole XV2 and the throttle flow path Q144a of the valve assembly X0 is introduced into the pressure equalizing chamber Q35 via the communication hole Q44, the pressure chamber Q43, the groove portion Q46, and the communication hole Q45 in this order. The communication hole Q44, the pressure chamber Q43, the groove portion Q46, and the communication hole Q45 form a pressure introduction flow path.

An auxiliary communication hole Q45a extending in the radial direction from the center of the temperature sensing rod Q40 is connected to the communication hole Q45, and the refrigerant pressure is also introduced into the pressure equalizing chamber Q35 through the auxiliary communication hole Q45 a.

Further, a rubber O-ring (i.e., an elastic sealing material) Q47 is disposed in a portion between the low-pressure refrigerant flow path Q140 and the pressure chamber Q43 in the axial direction of the stepped inner hole Q142. The O-ring Q47 maintains the air-tightness between the low-pressure refrigerant flow path Q140 and the pressure chamber Q43. Next, a spring mechanism Q50 for applying a predetermined spring force to the valve body Q144 of the second expansion valve Q14 will be described. A housing chamber Q51 of the spring mechanism Q50 is formed below the stepped inner hole Q142 in the valve main body Q141. The accommodation chamber Q51 communicates with a refrigerant inlet Q141a into which a high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows as shown in fig. 21. A metal support plate Q52 joined to a stainless steel valve body Q144 by welding or the like is disposed at an upper end portion in the housing chamber Q51. The valve body 144 is also accommodated in the accommodating chamber Q51. Therefore, the housing chamber Q51 is also a valve chamber.

One end of the coil spring Q53 is supported in contact with the support plate Q52. The other end of the coil spring Q53 is supported by a metal plug Q54. The plug Q54 functions as a lid member for closing the outward opening end of the housing chamber Q51, and is detachably fixed to the valve main body Q141 by screws. By adjusting the screw fixing position of the plug Q54, the mounting load of the coil spring Q53 can be adjusted, and the spring force acting on the valve body Q144 can be adjusted.

The degree of superheat of the evaporator outlet refrigerant set by the second expansion valve Q14 can be adjusted by adjusting the spring force described above. Further, a rubber O-ring (i.e., an elastic sealing material) Q55 is disposed at a distal end side portion of the plug Q54. The O-ring Q55 maintains the airtight condition between the housing chamber Q51 and the outside.

Next, an operation based on the above configuration will be described. When the compressor Q10 is operated by power transmission from the engine of the vehicle via the electromagnetic clutch, the compressor Q10 sucks and compresses the refrigerant in the downstream side flow paths of the first evaporator Q15 and the second evaporator Q16, and then discharges the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant to the condenser Q11. Then, in the condenser Q11, the gas refrigerant is cooled and condensed.

The condensed refrigerant then flows into the accumulator Q12, the gas-liquid of the refrigerant is separated, and the liquid refrigerant flows out of the accumulator Q12 to the first expansion valve Q13 and the second expansion valve Q14 arranged in parallel. Here, when the occupant is not mounted on the rear seat side of the vehicle, it is not necessary to perform air conditioning on the rear seat side. Therefore, micro valve X1 is set to a non-energized state so as not to operate rear air conditioning unit Q18. Thus, the micro valve X1 closes the refrigerant flow path Q148. Therefore, the inlet-side refrigerant flow path of the second evaporator Q16 is closed, and the refrigerant does not circulate to the second evaporator Q16.

On the other hand, on the front air conditioning unit Q17 side, the liquid refrigerant from the accumulator Q12 is decompressed and expanded by the first expansion valve Q13 to become a low-temperature, low-pressure, gas-liquid two-phase state. The gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant absorbs heat from the air-conditioning air in the first evaporator Q15 and evaporates, so that the air-conditioning air is cooled to become cool air, thereby air-conditioning the front seat side in the vehicle interior. Here, the opening degree of the first expansion valve Q13 is automatically adjusted to an opening degree corresponding to the evaporator outlet refrigerant temperature sensed by the temperature sensing tube Q13a, as is well known, so that the degree of superheat of the evaporator outlet refrigerant is maintained at a predetermined value.

However, in the second expansion valve Q14 included in the rear air conditioning unit Q18, when the micro valve X1 is closed, the refrigerant does not circulate in the second evaporator Q16. Therefore, the refrigerant temperature in the low-pressure refrigerant flow path Q140 formed in the valve main body Q141 of the second expansion valve Q14 rises to a temperature of about room temperature. Therefore, the temperature of temperature sensing chamber Q34 also becomes about room temperature.

However, according to the present embodiment, the refrigerant pressure in the communication hole Q146 is introduced into the pressure equalizing chamber Q35 through the pressure introduction flow path constituted by the communication hole Q44, the pressure chamber Q43, the groove Q46, the communication hole Q45, and the auxiliary communication hole Q45a in this order. When the micro valve X1 is closed, the communication hole Q146 communicates with the high-pressure side of the refrigeration cycle through the throttle flow path Q144a and the like to become the high-pressure side pressure.

Therefore, when the micro valve X1 is closed, the circulation high-pressure side pressure acts on the pressure equalizing chamber Q35, and the circulation high-pressure side pressure becomes a pressure sufficiently higher than the refrigerant saturation pressure at room temperature. Therefore, even if the temperature of the temperature sensing chamber Q34 rises to the room temperature level, the pressure of the pressure equalizing chamber Q35 is sufficiently higher than the pressure of the temperature sensing chamber Q34. As a result, the diaphragm Q33 of the diaphragm actuator Q30 elastically deforms upward in fig. 22. Accordingly, the valve body Q144, the operating rod Q145, and the temperature sensing rod Q40 are displaced upward in fig. 22 by the spring force of the coil spring Q53, and the valve body Q144 is seated on the valve seat Q143, thereby closing the valve.

However, since the valve body Q144 and the valve seat Q143 are both made of metal, the valve body Q144 does not become a strictly closed state, and the high-pressure side pressure of the housing chamber Q51 leaks to the communication hole Q146 side through a small gap between the valve body Q144 and the valve seat Q143. However, since the minute gap between the valve body Q144 and the valve seat Q143 is an extremely fine gap, the communication hole Q146 is almost in a closed space state when the micro valve X1 is closed. When the closed space is filled with the liquid refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant expands due to an increase in the ambient temperature around the expansion valve, and the pressure in the closed space may abnormally increase. However, since the fine hole Q500 for communicating the communication hole Q146 with the housing chamber Q51 of the spring mechanism Q50 is provided in the valve main body Q141, the pressure rise caused by the expansion of the liquid refrigerant can be released to the housing chamber Q51 side via the fine hole Q500. The resistance of the fine holes Q500 is extremely larger than the orifice flow path Q144 a. This can reliably prevent an abnormal pressure rise in the communication hole Q146.

Next, a case will be described in which micro valve X1 is energized to operate rear air conditioning unit Q18 in a state in which valve body Q144 of second expansion valve Q14 is closed as described above. In this case, the micro valve X1 is opened. At this time, since the valve body Q144 of the second expansion valve Q14 is closed, the refrigerant of a large flow rate does not start to rapidly flow when the micro valve X1 is opened.

That is, the pressure in the pressure equalizing chamber Q35 of the diaphragm actuator Q30 gradually decreases to the low-pressure side pressure through the pressure introduction flow path after the micro valve X1 opens. This is because the communication hole Q44 of the pressure introduction flow path communicates with the low-pressure side refrigerant flow path Q148 via the communication hole Q146 and the micro valve X1. Conversely, this is because the refrigerant flow path Q148 applies pressure to the pressure introduction flow path. Therefore, the opening degree of the valve body Q144 of the second expansion valve Q14 also gradually increases, and as a result, the refrigerant flow rate passing through the second expansion valve Q14 also gradually increases. Therefore, when the micro valve X1 is opened, it is possible to effectively suppress the occurrence of noise due to rapid pressure fluctuations before and after the valve body Q144 of the second expansion valve Q14 and flow noise due to rapid flow of a large flow rate refrigerant.

When a predetermined time has elapsed after the opening of the micro valve X1, the pressure in the pressure equalizing chamber Q35 of the diaphragm actuator Q30 becomes the refrigerant pressure on the inlet side of the second evaporator Q16 (i.e., the low-pressure on the inlet side of the evaporator). Therefore, thereafter, the valve body Q144 of the second expansion valve Q14 is displaced to a position corresponding to the balance between the spring force of the coil spring Q53 and the pressure difference between the low pressure applied to the evaporator inlet side in the pressure equalizing chamber Q35 and the refrigerant pressure corresponding to the evaporator outlet refrigerant temperature in the temperature sensing chamber Q34.

Thus, the valve body Q144 of the second expansion valve Q14 adjusts the opening degree of the throttle flow path Q144a to adjust the refrigerant flow rate so that the evaporator outlet refrigerant maintains a predetermined superheat degree. That is, the second expansion valve Q14 is an internal pressure equalizing expansion valve and adjusts the refrigerant flow rate.

As described above, the second expansion valve Q14 uses the valve assembly X0 instead of the solenoid valve, as compared with the expansion valve described in japanese patent laid-open No. 11-182983. Therefore, the second expansion valve Q14 is reduced in size and quieter than the expansion valve described in japanese patent application laid-open No. 11-182983.

(third embodiment)

Next, a third embodiment will be explained. The refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle shown in fig. 24 includes a compressor R1, a four-way valve R2, an outdoor heat exchanger R3, an expansion valve R4, an indoor heat exchanger R5, and pipes R6 and R7. The refrigerant circuit may be mounted on a vehicle as part of an air conditioner for a vehicle, or may be used as part of an air conditioner other than a vehicle.

The compressor R1 is disposed in the middle of the pipe R7, and compresses the refrigerant flowing from the upstream side and discharges the refrigerant to the downstream side. The outdoor heat exchanger R3 is a heat exchanger as follows: disposed in the middle of the pipe R6, the refrigerant flowing in from the pipe R6 exchanges heat with outdoor air, and the heat-exchanged refrigerant flows out to the pipe R6. Here, when the refrigerant circuit is mounted in a vehicle, the outdoor space corresponds to the outside of the vehicle interior.

The expansion valve R4 is disposed in the middle of the pipe R6 between the outdoor heat exchanger R3 and the indoor heat exchanger R5, and decompresses and expands the refrigerant. The indoor heat exchanger R5 is a heat exchanger as follows: disposed in the middle of the pipe R6, the refrigerant flowing in from the pipe R6 exchanges heat with indoor air, and the heat-exchanged refrigerant flows out to the pipe R6. Here, when the refrigerant circuit is mounted in a vehicle, the indoor space corresponds to the vehicle interior. The outdoor heat exchanger R3, the expansion valve R4, and the indoor heat exchanger R5 are arranged in series in this order.

The four-way valve R2 is a valve device as follows: the refrigerant circuit is connected to both ends of the pipe R6 and both ends of the pipe R7, and the refrigerant circuit and the heating circuit are switched by switching the direction of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant circuit. The four-way valve R2 may be disposed in the vehicle interior.

The four-way valve R2 has: the hydraulic control system includes a cylinder R21, a first piston R22, a second piston R23, a first connecting shaft R24, a second connecting shaft R25, a spool R26, a first high-pressure introduction flow path R28, a second high-pressure introduction flow path R29, a first low-pressure introduction flow path R30, a first valve assembly XA, and a second valve assembly XB.

First, the first valve assembly XA and the second valve assembly XB will be described. The structure of the first valve assembly XA and the structure of the second valve assembly XB are the same except for the connection destination.

Specifically, the first valve assembly XA and the second valve assembly XB have the structures shown in fig. 24, respectively. The structure of the first valve assembly XA and the structure of the second valve assembly XB are the same except for the connection destination. Hereinafter, valve assembly Y0 will be described as a valve assembly that serves as both first valve assembly XA and second valve assembly XB.

[ Structure of valve Assembly Y0 ]

Here, the structure of the valve assembly Y0 will be described with reference to fig. 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30.

As shown in fig. 25, the valve assembly Y0 includes a micro valve Y1, a valve housing Y2, a seal member Y3, three O-rings Y4, Y5a, and Y5b, two harnesses Y6, Y7, and a switching plate Y8.

The microvalve Y1 is a plate-shaped valve member and is mainly composed of a semiconductor chip. Microvalve Y1 may or may not have components other than a semiconductor chip. Therefore, the micro valve Y1 can be configured to be small. The length of the microvalve Y1 in the thickness direction is, for example, 2mm, the length of the microvalve Y1 in the longitudinal direction orthogonal to the thickness direction is, for example, 10mm, and the length of the microvalve Y in the short side direction orthogonal to both the longitudinal direction and the thickness direction is, for example, 5mm, but the invention is not limited thereto. The flow channel structure of the micro valve Y1 changes due to the fluctuation of the power supplied to the micro valve Y1. Microvalve Y1 functions as a pilot valve.

The harnesses Y6 and Y7 extend from the surface of the microvalve Y1 on the opposite side from the valve housing Y2 out of the two plate surfaces on the front and back surfaces, and are connected to a power supply outside the valve assembly Y0 through the inside of the seal member Y3 and the valve housing Y2. Thus, electric power is supplied from the power supply to the micro valve Y1 through the harnesses Y6, Y7.

The switching plate Y8 is a plate-shaped member disposed between the micro valve Y1 and the valve housing Y2. The switching panel Y8 is a glass substrate. One of the two plate surfaces of the conversion plate Y8 on the front and back surfaces is fixed to the micro valve Y1 with an adhesive, and the other is fixed to the valve housing X2 with an adhesive. The switching plate Y8 is provided with flow paths Y81, Y82, and Y83 for connecting three refrigerant holes of the micro valve Y1, which will be described later, to three communication holes of the valve housing Y2. These flow paths Y81, Y82, and Y83 are members for absorbing a difference between the pitch of the three refrigerant holes aligned in a line and the pitch of the three communication holes aligned in a line. The flow paths Y81, Y82, and Y83 penetrate from one to the other of the two plate surfaces of the conversion plate Y8 located on the front and back surfaces.

The valve housing X2 is a resin housing that houses the micro valve Y1 and the switch plate Y8. The valve housing Y2 is formed by resin molding with polyphenylene sulfide as a main component. The valve housing X2 is a box body having a bottom wall on one side and being open on the other side. The bottom wall of valve housing Y2 is sandwiched between cylinder R21 and microvalve Y1 so that microvalve Y1 and transfer plate Y8 do not directly contact cylinder R21. One surface of the bottom wall is fixed in contact with the cylinder R21, and the other surface is fixed in contact with the switching plate Y8.

With this configuration, the valve housing Y2 can absorb the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the micro valve Y1 and the cylinder R21. This is because the linear expansion coefficient of the valve housing Y2 is a value between the linear expansion coefficient of the micro valve Y1 and the linear expansion coefficient of the cylinder R21. Further, the linear expansion coefficient of the conversion plate Y8 is a value between the linear expansion coefficient of the micro valve Y1 and the linear expansion coefficient of the valve housing Y2.

The bottom wall of the valve housing Y2 has a plate-shaped base portion Y20 facing the microvalve Y1, and columnar first, second, and third projections Y21, Y22, Y23 projecting from the base portion Y20 in a direction away from the microvalve Y1.

The first projection Y21, the second projection Y22, and the third projection Y23 fit into a recess formed in the cylinder R21. The first protrusion Y21 has a first through hole YV1 that penetrates from the side end of the micro valve Y1 to the opposite side end thereof. The second protrusion Y22 has a second communication hole YV2 that extends from the side end of the micro valve Y1 to the opposite side end thereof. The third protrusion Y23 has a third communication hole YV3 that extends from the side end of the micro valve Y1 to the opposite side end thereof. The first communication hole YV1, the second communication hole YV2, and the third communication hole YV3 are aligned in a row, and the first communication hole YV1 is located between the second communication hole YV2 and the third communication hole YV 3.

The side end of the micro valve Y1 of the first communication hole YV1 communicates with the side end of the valve housing Y2 of the flow path Y81 formed in the switching plate Y8. The end of the second communication hole YV2 on the micro valve Y1 side communicates with the end of the valve housing Y2 side of the flow path Y82 formed in the switching plate Y8. The micro valve Y1 side end of the third communication hole YV3 communicates with the valve housing Y2 side end of the flow path Y83 formed in the switching plate Y8.

The seal member Y3 is an epoxy resin member that seals the other side of the valve housing Y2 that is open. The sealing member Y3 covers the entire plate surface on the opposite side of the switching plate Y8 side of the two plate surfaces of the front and back surfaces of the microvalve Y1. Further, the seal member Y3 covers a part of the plate surface on the side opposite to the bottom wall side of the valve housing Y2, out of the two plate surfaces of the front and back surfaces of the switch plate Y8. In addition, the sealing member Y3 achieves waterproofing and insulation of the harnesses Y6, Y7 by covering the harnesses Y6, Y7. The sealing member Y3 is formed by resin potting or the like.

The O-ring Y4 is attached to the outer periphery of the first projection Y21, and seals between the cylinder R21 and the first projection Y21, thereby suppressing leakage of the refrigerant to the outside of the four-way valve R2 and the outside of the refrigerant circuit. The O-ring Y5a is attached to the outer periphery of the second projection Y22, and seals between the cylinder R21 and the second projection Y22, thereby suppressing leakage of the refrigerant to the outside of the four-way valve R2 and the outside of the refrigerant circuit. The O-ring Y5b is attached to the outer periphery of the third projection Y23, and seals between the cylinder R21 and the third projection Y23, thereby suppressing leakage of the refrigerant to the outside of the four-way valve R2 and the outside of the refrigerant circuit.

Here, the structure of the micro valve Y1 will be further described. As shown in fig. 26 and 27, the microvalve Y1 is a MEMS including a first outer layer Y11, an intermediate layer Y12, and a second outer layer Y13, all of which are made of semiconductor. MEMS is a short term for Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems). The first outer layer Y11, the intermediate layer Y12, and the second outer layer Y13 are rectangular plate-shaped members each having the same outer shape, and are laminated in the order of the first outer layer Y11, the intermediate layer Y12, and the second outer layer Y13. That is, the intermediate layer Y12 is sandwiched by the first outer layer Y11 and the second outer layer Y13 from both sides. The second outer layer Y13 of the first outer layer Y11, the intermediate layer Y12, and the second outer layer Y13 is disposed on the side closest to the bottom wall of the valve housing Y2. The structures of the first outer layer Y11, the intermediate layer Y12, and the second outer layer Y13, which will be described later, are formed by a semiconductor manufacturing process such as chemical etching.

The first outer layer Y11 is a conductive semiconductor member having a nonconductive oxide film on the surface. As shown in fig. 26, two through holes Y14 and Y15 penetrating the front surface and the back surface are formed in the first outer layer Y11. The ends of the harness wires Y6 and Y7, which are close to the micro valve Y1, are inserted into the through holes Y14 and Y15, respectively.

The second outer layer Y13 is a conductive semiconductor member having a nonconductive oxide film on the surface. As shown in fig. 26, 28, and 29, the second outer layer Y13 has a first refrigerant hole Y16, a second refrigerant hole Y17, and a third refrigerant hole Y18 penetrating the front and rear surfaces.

As shown in fig. 29, the first refrigerant hole Y16, the second refrigerant hole Y17, and the third refrigerant hole Y18 communicate with the flow paths Y81, Y82, and Y83 of the switching plate Y8, respectively. The first refrigerant port Y16, the second refrigerant port Y17, and the third refrigerant port Y18 are aligned in a row. The first refrigerant hole Y16 is disposed between the second refrigerant hole Y17 and the third refrigerant hole Y18. The hydraulic diameters of the first refrigerant hole Y16, the second refrigerant hole Y17, and the third refrigerant hole Y18 are 0.1mm to 3mm, respectively, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The intermediate layer Y12 is a conductive semiconductor member, and is sandwiched between the first outer layer Y11 and the second outer layer Y13. The intermediate layer Y12 is in contact with the oxide film of the first outer layer Y11 and the oxide film of the second outer layer Y13, and thus is not electrically conductive to the first outer layer Y11 and the second outer layer Y13. As shown in fig. 28, the intermediate layer Y12 includes a first fixed portion Y121, a second fixed portion Y122, a plurality of first ribs Y123, a plurality of second ribs Y124, a spine Y125, an arm Y126, a beam Y127, and a movable portion Y128.

The first fastening portions Y121 are members fastened to the first outer layer Y11 and the second outer layer Y13. The first fixing portion Y121 is formed so as to surround the second fixing portion Y122, the first rib Y123, the second rib Y124, the spine Y125, the arm Y126, the beam Y127, and the movable portion Y128 in the same one refrigerant chamber Y19. The refrigerant chamber Y19 is a chamber surrounded by the first fixing portion Y121, the first outer layer Y11, and the second outer layer Y13. The first fixing portion Y121, the first outer layer Y11, and the second outer layer Y13 correspond to the base portion as a whole. The harnesses Y6 and Y7 are harnesses for shifting the plurality of first ribs Y123 and the plurality of second ribs Y124 by changing the temperature thereof.

The fixation of the first fastening parts Y121 with respect to the first and second outer layers Y11 and Y13 is performed in such a manner that: refrigerant is prevented from leaking from refrigerant chamber Y19 through other than first refrigerant hole Y16, second refrigerant hole Y17, and third refrigerant hole Y18 and out of micro valve Y1.

The second fastening portion Y122 is fastened to the first outer layer Y11 and the second outer layer Y13. The second fixing portion Y122 is surrounded by the first fixing portion Y121 and is disposed apart from the first fixing portion Y121.

The plurality of first ribs Y123, the plurality of second ribs Y124, the spine Y125, the arms Y126, the beams Y127, and the movable portion Y128 are not fixed to the first outer layer Y11 and the second outer layer Y13, and are displaceable with respect to the first outer layer Y11 and the second outer layer Y13.

The spine Y125 has an elongated bar shape extending in the short side direction of the rectangular shape of the intermediate layer Y12. One end in the longitudinal direction of the spine Y125 is connected to the beam Y127.

The plurality of first ribs Y123 are disposed on one side of the spine Y125 in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the spine Y125. Also, a plurality of first ribs Y123 are arranged along the length direction of the spine Y125. Each of the first ribs Y123 has an elongated rod shape and can expand and contract depending on the temperature.

Each of the first ribs Y123 is connected at one end in the longitudinal direction thereof to the first fixing portion Y121 and at the other end thereof to the spine Y125. Each of the first ribs Y123 is inclined with respect to the spine Y125 so as to be shifted toward the longitudinal beam Y127 of the spine Y125 from the first fixing portion Y121 side toward the spine Y125 side. Also, the plurality of first ribs Y123 extend parallel to each other.

The plurality of second ribs Y124 are arranged on the other side of the spine Y125 in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the spine Y125. Also, a plurality of second ribs Y124 are arranged along the length direction of the spine Y125. Each of the second ribs Y124 has an elongated bar shape and can expand and contract depending on the temperature.

Each of the second ribs Y124 is connected at one end in the longitudinal direction thereof to the second fixing portion Y122 and at the other end thereof to the spine Y125. Each second rib Y124 is inclined with respect to the spine Y125 so as to be shifted toward the side of the beam Y127 in the longitudinal direction of the spine Y125 from the second fixing portion Y122 side toward the spine Y125 side. Also, the plurality of second ribs Y124 extend parallel to each other.

The plurality of first ribs Y123, the plurality of second ribs Y124, and the spine Y125 correspond to the driving portion as a whole.

The arm Y126 has an elongated bar shape extending in non-orthogonal and parallel relation to the spine Y125. One end of the arm Y126 in the longitudinal direction is connected to the beam Y127, and the other end is connected to the first fixing portion Y121.

The beam Y127 has an elongated bar shape extending in a direction crossing at about 90 ° with respect to the spine Y125 and the arm Y126. One end of the beam Y127 is connected to the movable portion Y128. The arm Y126 and the beam Y127 correspond to the enlargement portion as a whole.

The connection position YP1 of the arm Y126 and the beam Y127, the connection position YP2 of the spine Y125 and the beam Y127, and the connection position YP3 of the beam Y127 and the movable portion Y128 are arranged in this order along the longitudinal direction of the beam Y127. When the connection point between the first fixing portion Y121 and the arm Y126 is defined as the hinge YP0, the linear distance from the hinge YP0 to the connection position YP3 is longer than the linear distance from the hinge YP0 to the connection position YP2 in the plane parallel to the plate surface of the intermediate layer Y12. For example, a value obtained by dividing the linear distance of the former by the linear distance of the latter may be 1/5 or less, or 1/10 or less.

The outer shape of the movable portion Y128 has a rectangular shape extending in a direction of substantially 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the beam Y127. The movable portion Y128 is movable integrally with the beam Y127 in the refrigerant chamber Y19. The movable portion Y128 has a frame shape surrounding the through hole Y120 penetrating through the front and back surfaces of the intermediate layer Y12. Therefore, the through hole Y120 also moves integrally with the movable portion Y128. The through hole Y120 is a part of the refrigerant chamber Y19.

The movable portion Y128 moves as described above to change the opening degree of the second refrigerant hole Y17 with respect to the through hole Y120 and the opening degree of the third refrigerant hole Y18 with respect to the through hole Y120. The first refrigerant port Y16 is always in full-open communication with the through hole Y120.

Further, the end of the micro valve Y1 of the harness Y6 that has passed through the through hole Y14 of the first outer layer Y11 shown in fig. 26 is connected to the first application point Y129 in the vicinity of the portion of the first fixing portion Y121 that is connected to the plurality of first ribs Y123. Further, the end of the micro valve Y1 of the harness Y7 passing through the through hole Y15 of the first outer layer Y11 shown in fig. 26 is connected to the second application point Y130 of the second fixing portion Y122.

[ operation of valve Assembly Y0 ]

Here, the operation of the valve assembly Y0 will be explained. When the energization of the microvalve Y1 is started, a voltage is applied between the first application point Y129 and the second application point Y130 through the harnesses Y6 and Y7. Then, a current flows through the plurality of first ribs Y123 and the plurality of second ribs Y124. The plurality of first ribs Y123 and the plurality of second ribs Y124 generate heat due to the current. As a result, the plurality of first ribs Y123 and the plurality of second ribs Y124 expand in the longitudinal direction thereof, respectively.

As a result of such thermal expansion, the plurality of first ribs Y123 and the plurality of second ribs Y124 urge the spine Y125 toward the connection position YP 2. The urged spine Y125 presses the beam Y127 at the connection position YP 2. Thus, the connection position YP2 corresponds to the biasing position. As a result, the member constituted by the beam Y127 and the arm Y126 integrally changes its posture with the hinge YP0 as a fulcrum and the connection position YP2 as a point of force. As a result, the movable portion Y128 connected to the end portion of the beam Y127 on the side opposite to the arm Y126 also moves toward the side of the spine Y125 in the longitudinal direction thereof, which presses the beam Y127.

When the energization of the microvalve Y1 is stopped, the voltage application from the harnesses Y6 and Y7 to the first application point Y129 and the second application point Y130 is stopped. Accordingly, the current does not flow through the plurality of first ribs Y123 and the plurality of second ribs Y124, and the temperatures of the plurality of first ribs Y123 and the plurality of second ribs Y124 are reduced. As a result, the plurality of first ribs Y123 and the plurality of second ribs Y124 are contracted in the longitudinal direction thereof, respectively.

As a result of such thermal contraction, the plurality of first ribs Y123 and the plurality of second ribs Y124 urge the spine Y125 to the opposite side of the connection position YP 2. The forced spine Y125 stretches beam Y127 at the connection position YP 2. As a result, the member constituted by the beam Y127 and the arm Y126 integrally changes its posture with the hinge YP0 as a fulcrum and the connection position YP2 as a point of force. As a result, the movable portion Y128 connected to the end portion of the beam Y127 on the side opposite to the arm Y126 also moves to the side of the spine Y125 in the longitudinal direction, which stretches the beam Y127. As a result of this movement, the movable portion Y128 stops at a predetermined non-energization position.

When current is applied to the micro valve Y1, the amount of movement of the movable unit Y128 with respect to the non-energized position increases as the electric power supplied from the harnesses Y6 and Y7 to the micro valve Y1 via the first application point Y129 and the second application point Y130 increases. This is because the higher the power supplied to the microvalve Y1, the higher the temperature of the first rib Y123 and the second rib Y124, and the greater the degree of expansion.

For example, when PWM control is performed on the voltages applied from the harnesses Y6 and Y7 to the first application point Y129 and the second application point Y130, the amount of movement of the movable portion Y128 with respect to the non-energized position increases as the duty ratio increases.

As shown in fig. 28 and 29, when the movable portion Y128 is in the non-energized position, the through hole Y120 overlaps the first refrigerant hole Y16 and the third refrigerant hole Y18 in the direction perpendicular to the plate surface of the intermediate layer Y12, but does not overlap the second refrigerant hole Y17 in this direction. The second refrigerant hole Y17 overlaps the movable portion Y128 in the direction orthogonal to the plate surface of the intermediate layer Y12. That is, at this time, the first refrigerant hole Y16 and the third refrigerant hole Y18 are fully opened with respect to the through hole Y120, and the second refrigerant hole Y17 is fully closed with respect to the through hole Y120. Therefore, in this case, the first refrigerant hole Y16 communicates with the third refrigerant hole Y18 via the movable portion Y128, and the second refrigerant hole Y17 is cut off from both the first refrigerant hole Y16 and the third refrigerant hole Y18. As a result, the refrigerant can flow between the first communication hole YV1 and the third communication hole YV3 through the flow path Y81, the first refrigerant hole Y16, the through hole Y120, the third refrigerant hole Y18, and the flow path Y83.

As shown in fig. 30 and 31, when the movable portion Y128 is at the position farthest from the non-energized position due to the energization to the micro valve Y1, the position of the movable portion Y128 at this time is referred to as the maximum energized position. When movable portion Y128 is at the maximum energization position, the electric power supplied to microvalve Y1 is at the maximum within the control range. For example, when the movable portion Y128 is at the maximum energization position, the duty ratio is the maximum value (e.g., 100%) in the control range in the PWM control.

When the movable portion Y128 is at the maximum energization position, the through hole Y120 overlaps with the first refrigerant hole Y16 and the second refrigerant hole Y17 in the direction perpendicular to the plate surface of the intermediate layer Y12, but does not overlap with the third refrigerant hole Y18 in this direction. The third refrigerant hole Y18 overlaps the movable portion Y128 in the direction orthogonal to the plate surface of the intermediate layer Y12. That is, at this time, the first refrigerant hole Y16 and the second refrigerant hole Y17 are fully opened with respect to the through hole Y120, and the third refrigerant hole Y18 is fully closed with respect to the through hole Y120. Therefore, in this case, the first refrigerant hole Y16 communicates with the second refrigerant hole Y17 via the movable portion Y128, and the third refrigerant hole Y18 is cut off from both the first refrigerant hole Y16 and the second refrigerant hole Y17. As a result, the refrigerant can flow between the first communication hole YV1 and the second communication hole YV2 through the flow path Y81, the first refrigerant hole Y16, the through hole Y120, the second refrigerant hole Y17, and the flow path Y83.

Further, by adjusting the electric power supplied to the micro valve Y1 (for example, by PWM control), the movable portion Y128 can be stopped at any intermediate position between the non-energization-time position and the maximum energization-time position. For example, in order to stop the movable portion Y128 at a position (i.e., the center position) equidistant from both the maximum energization position and the non-energization position, the electric power supplied to the microvalve Y1 may be half the maximum value in the control range. For example, the duty ratio of the PWM control may be 50%.

When the movable portion Y128 stops at the intermediate position, the first refrigerant hole Y16, the second refrigerant hole Y17, and the third refrigerant hole Y18 all communicate with the through hole Y120. However, the second refrigerant hole Y17 and the third refrigerant hole Y18 are not fully opened with respect to the through hole Y120, but are opened at an opening degree smaller than 100% and larger than 0%. As the intermediate position of the movable portion Y128 is closer to the maximum energization position, the opening degree of the third refrigerant hole Y18 to the through hole Y120 decreases, and the opening degree of the second refrigerant hole Y17 increases.

A high pressure is applied to the second refrigerant hole Y17, and a low pressure higher than the high pressure is applied to the third refrigerant hole Y18. At this time, when the movable portion Y128 is at the intermediate position, an intermediate pressure higher than the low pressure and lower than the high pressure acts on the outside of the micro valve Y1 from the first refrigerant hole Y16. The value of the intermediate pressure varies depending on the degree of opening of the second refrigerant hole Y17 with respect to the movable portion Y128 and the degree of opening of the third refrigerant hole Y18 with respect to the movable portion Y128.

As described above, the beam Y127 and the arm Y126 function as levers having the hinge YP0 as a fulcrum, the connection position YP2 as a force point, and the connection position YP3 as an action point. As described above, the linear distance from the hinge YP0 to the connection position YP3 is longer than the linear distance from the hinge YP0 to the connection position YP2 in the plane parallel to the plate surface of the intermediate layer Y12. Therefore, the movement amount of the connection position YP3 as the point of action is larger than the movement amount of the connection position YP2 as the point of force. Therefore, the displacement amount due to the thermal expansion is amplified by the lever and transmitted to the movable portion Y128.

The refrigerant flow path in the microvalve Y1 has a U-turn structure. Specifically, the refrigerant flows into micro valve Y1 from one surface of micro valve Y1, passes through micro valve Y1, and then flows out of micro valve Y1 from the same surface of micro valve Y1. Similarly, the flow path of the refrigerant in the valve assembly Y0 has a U-turn structure. Specifically, the refrigerant flows into the valve assembly Y0 from one surface of the valve assembly Y0, passes through the valve assembly Y0, and then flows out of the valve assembly Y0 from the surface on the same side of the valve assembly Y0. The direction orthogonal to the plate surface of the intermediate layer Y12 is the stacking direction of the first outer layer Y11, the intermediate layer Y12, and the second outer layer Y13.

The micro valve Y1 thus configured can be easily miniaturized compared to a solenoid valve. One reason for this is that, as described above, the micro valve Y1 is formed of a semiconductor chip. In addition, as described above, the displacement amount due to thermal expansion is amplified by the lever, which also contributes to downsizing as compared with the case where the solenoid valve is used without using such a lever. In addition, since the displacements of the plurality of first ribs Y123 and the plurality of second ribs Y124 are generated by heat, the noise reduction effect is high.

Further, since the lever is used, the amount of displacement due to thermal expansion can be suppressed as compared with the amount of movement of the movable portion Y128, and therefore, the power consumption for driving the movable portion Y128 can be reduced. Further, since the impact sound generated when the solenoid valve is driven can be eliminated, the noise can be reduced.

As described above, since both the micro valve Y1 and the valve assembly Y0 have the refrigerant flow path of the U-turn structure, the intrusion of the cylinder R21 can be reduced. That is, the depth of the recess formed in the cylinder R21 for disposing the valve assembly Y0 can be suppressed. The reason for this is as follows.

For example, assume that the valve assembly Y0 does not have a refrigerant flow path of a U-turn configuration, has a refrigerant inlet on the cylinder R21 side face of the valve assembly Y0, and has a refrigerant outlet on the opposite side face of the valve assembly Y0. In this case, it is necessary to form refrigerant flow paths on both surfaces of the valve element Y0. Therefore, when the refrigerant flow paths to both surfaces of the valve assembly Y0 are stored in the cylinder R21, the recess formed in the cylinder R21 is required to be deep in order to dispose the valve assembly Y0. Further, since the micro valve Y1 itself is small, the penetration of the cylinder R21 can be further reduced.

Further, when the harnesses Y6 and Y7 are disposed on the opposite side of the surface of the microvalve Y1 from the surface on which the first refrigerant hole Y16 and the second refrigerant hole Y17 are formed, the harnesses Y6 and Y7 can be placed closer to the atmosphere. Therefore, a sealing structure such as an airtight section for reducing the influence of the refrigerant atmosphere on the harnesses Y6 and Y7 is not required. As a result, the four-way valve R2 can be downsized.

Further, since the micro valve Y1 is lightweight, the four-way valve R2 is lightweight. Further, since the power consumption of the micro valve Y1 is small, the four-way valve R2 is power-saving.

[ Structure of four-way valve R2 other than valve Assembly ]

The cylinder R21 is a cylindrical housing in which a valve chamber RV0 is formed. Corresponding to the body of cylinder R21. The valve chamber RV0 accommodates a first piston R22, a second piston R23, a first connecting shaft R24, a second connecting shaft R25, and a spool R26. A first valve assembly XA is fixed to one end portion in the longitudinal direction (i.e., the left-right direction in fig. 24) of the cylinder R21, and a second valve assembly XB is fixed to the other end portion.

Three flow passages RA1, RA2, RA3 are formed at the end of the cylinder R21 on the first valve component XA side. The flow passage RA1 communicates at one end with the valve chamber RV0 and at the other end with the first communication hole YV1 of the first valve assembly XA. The flow passage RA2 communicates at one end with the first high-pressure introduction flow passage R28 and at the other end with the second communication hole YV2 of the first valve assembly XA. The flow passage RA3 communicates at one end with the first low-pressure introduction flow passage R30 and at the other end with the third communication hole YV3 of the first valve assembly XA.

Three flow passages RB1, RB2, RB3 are formed at the end of the cylinder R21 on the side of the second valve block XB. The flow path RB1 communicates at one end with the valve chamber RV0 and at the other end with the first communication hole YV1 of the second valve assembly XB. The flow path RB2 communicates at one end with the second high-pressure introduction flow path R29 and at the other end with the second communication hole YV2 of the second valve assembly XB. The flow path RB3 communicates at one end with the second low-pressure introduction flow path R31 and at the other end with the third communication hole YV3 of the second valve assembly XB.

Further, one opening RP1 is formed in one side surface (i.e., the upper surface in fig. 24) of the cylinder R21, and the end portion of the pipe R7 on the downstream side of the compressor R1 is connected to the opening RP 1. Thus, the downstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7 communicates with the valve chamber RV0 through the opening.

Further, three openings are formed in the other side surface (i.e., the lower surface in fig. 24) of the cylinder R21. These three openings are aligned in a line along the length of the cylinder R21. The end of the pipe R7 on the upstream side of the compressor R1 is connected to the center opening RP2 of the three openings. Thus, the upstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7 communicates with the valve chamber RV0 through the opening.

Among these three openings, an opening RP3 located on the side closest to the first valve assembly XA is connected to the end of the pipe R6 on the side of the indoor heat exchanger R5. Of these three openings, the opening RP4 on the side closest to the second valve assembly XB is connected to the end of the pipe R6 on the side of the outdoor heat exchanger R3. Thus, both ends of the pipe R6 and the valve chamber RV0 communicate through the two openings.

The first piston R22 is a wall that partitions the valve chamber RV0 into a first pressure chamber RV1 and other movable walls. The first piston R22 prevents leakage of the refrigerant between the first pressure chamber RV1 and other parts in the valve chamber RV 0. The first pressure chamber RV1 is a portion of the valve chamber RV0 that is located closest to the first valve assembly XA, and is constantly in communication with the one end of the flow passage RA 1.

The second piston R23 is a wall that partitions the valve chamber RV0 into a second pressure chamber RV2 and other movable walls. The second piston R23 prevents leakage of the refrigerant between the second pressure chamber RV2 and other parts in the valve chamber RV 0. The second pressure chamber RV2 is a portion of the valve chamber RV0 located on the side closest to the second valve block XB, and is constantly in communication with the one end of the flow path RB 1.

The first connecting shaft R24 is a rod-shaped movable member extending in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder R21. The first connecting shaft R24 is fixed to the first pressure chamber RV1 at the first valve assembly XA side end in the longitudinal direction, and is fixed to the spool R26 at the second valve assembly XB side end. The second connecting shaft R25 is a rod-shaped movable member extending in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder R21. The second connecting shaft R25 is fixed to the second pressure chamber RV2 at the longitudinal second valve block XB side end and to the spool R26 at the first valve block XA side end.

The valve body R26 is a dome-shaped wall that partitions the valve chamber RV0 into a first communication chamber RV3 and another movable chamber. The valve body R26 prevents leakage of the refrigerant between the first communication chamber RV3 and other parts in the valve chamber RV 0. The first communication chamber RV3 is always in communication with the end of the pipe R7 on the upstream side of the compressor R1.

The spool R26 is a spool that is displaced in the valve chamber RV0 to switch between communication and disconnection between the first port and the second port of the valve chamber RV0, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant. The opening RP1 and the opening RP3 correspond to the first port and the second port, respectively. In addition, the opening RP1 and the opening RP4 correspond to the first port and the second port, respectively. In addition, the opening RP3 and the opening RP2 correspond to the first port and the second port, respectively. In addition, the opening RP4 and the opening RP2 correspond to the first port and the second port, respectively.

The portion of the valve chamber RV0 other than the first pressure chamber RV1, the second pressure chamber RV2, and the first communication chamber RV3 is a second communication chamber RV 4. The second communication chamber RV4 is always in communication with the end of the pipe R7 on the downstream side of the compressor R1.

The first piston R22, the second piston R23, the first connecting shaft R24, the second connecting shaft R25, and the spool R26 move integrally in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder R21 in the valve chamber RV 0. At this time, the first and second pistons R22 and R23 slide on the inner wall of the valve chamber RV 0.

When the valve body R26 is displaced to a position close to the first valve component XA as shown in fig. 24, the indoor heat exchanger R5 side end of the pipe R6 communicates with the first communication chamber RV3, and the outdoor heat exchanger R3 side end of the pipe R6 communicates with the second communication chamber RV 4. Therefore, at this time, the side of the pipe R6 on the indoor heat exchanger R5 and the side of the pipe R7 on the upstream side of the compressor R1 communicate with each other through the first communication chamber RV 3. At this time, the outdoor heat exchanger R3 side end of the pipe R6 and the downstream side end of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7 communicate with each other through the second communication chamber RV 4.

When the valve body R26 is displaced to a position close to the second valve block XB as shown in fig. 32, the outdoor heat exchanger R3 side end of the pipe R6 communicates with the first communication chamber RV3, and the indoor heat exchanger R5 side end of the pipe R6 communicates with the second communication chamber RV 4. Therefore, at this time, the outdoor heat exchanger R3 side end of the pipe R6 and the upstream side end of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7 communicate with each other through the first communication chamber RV 3. At this time, the side of the pipe R6 on the indoor heat exchanger R5 and the side of the pipe R7 on the downstream side of the compressor R1 communicate with each other through the second communication chamber RV 4.

The first high-pressure introduction flow passage R28, the second high-pressure introduction flow passage R29, the first low-pressure introduction flow passage R30, and the second low-pressure introduction flow passage R31 are pipes disposed outside the cylinder R21. One end of the first high-pressure introduction flow passage R28 communicates with the downstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7, and the other end communicates with the flow passage RA 2. One end of the second high-pressure introduction flow passage R29 communicates with the downstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7, and the other end communicates with the flow passage RB 2. One end of the first low-pressure introduction flow passage R30 communicates with the upstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7, and the other end communicates with the flow passage RA 3. One end of the second low-pressure introduction flow passage R31 communicates with the upstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7, and the other end communicates with the flow passage RB 3. The first high-pressure introduction flow path R28, the second high-pressure introduction flow path R29, the first low-pressure introduction flow path R30, and the second low-pressure introduction flow path R31 are constantly connected to a pipe R7 located outside the four-way valve R2. Therefore, the first high pressure introduction flow path R28, the second high pressure introduction flow path R29, the first low pressure introduction flow path R30, and the second low pressure introduction flow path R31 correspond to the external communication paths, respectively.

[ work ]

The operation of the refrigerant circuit configured as described above will be described. In the following operation, the amount of power supplied to the micro valve Y1 from the harnesses Y6 and Y7 is adjusted by PWM control in the first valve assembly XA and the second valve assembly XB.

First, the cooling operation will be described. In this case, no electric power is supplied from the harnesses Y6, Y7 of the first valve assembly XA to the microvalve Y1 of the first valve assembly XA. That is, the duty ratio of the PWM control is 0%. Then, the maximum electric power in the control range is supplied from the harnesses Y6, Y7 of the second valve assembly XB to the microvalve Y1 of the second valve assembly XB. That is, the duty ratio of the PWM control is 100%.

In this case, as shown in fig. 28 and 29, the first valve assembly XA is in a state of being stopped at the non-energization position. Therefore, in the first valve assembly XA, the first refrigerant hole Y16 communicates with the flow passage RA1, the second refrigerant hole Y17 is blocked from the flow passage RA2, and the third refrigerant hole Y18 communicates with the flow passage RA 3. Then, in the first valve assembly XA, the low pressure on the upstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7 acts on the third refrigerant hole Y18 through the refrigerant in the first low pressure introduction flow passage R30, the flow passage RA3, and the third communication hole YV3 as indicated by the arrows in fig. 29. Further, the low pressure acts on the first pressure chamber RV1 via the refrigerant in the third refrigerant hole Y18, the through hole Y120, the first refrigerant hole Y16, and the flow passage RA 1. As a result, the pressure of the refrigerant in the first pressure chamber RV1 becomes the same as the pressure of the low-pressure refrigerant on the upstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7.

In this case, as shown in fig. 30 and 31, the second valve assembly XB is stopped at the maximum energization position. Therefore, in the second valve assembly XB, the first refrigerant hole Y16 communicates with the flow path RB1, the second refrigerant hole Y17 communicates with the flow path RB2, and the third refrigerant hole Y18 is blocked from the flow path RB 3. Then, as indicated by arrows in fig. 31, in the second valve block XB, the high pressure on the downstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7 acts on the second refrigerant hole Y17 via the refrigerant in the second high-pressure introduction flow passage R29, the flow passage RB2, and the second communication hole YV 2. Further, the high-pressure refrigerant acts on the second pressure chamber RV2 via the refrigerant in the second refrigerant hole Y17, the through hole Y120, the first refrigerant hole Y16, and the flow path RB 1. As a result, the pressure of the refrigerant in the second pressure chamber RV2 becomes the same as the pressure of the high-pressure refrigerant on the downstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7.

Therefore, in this case, low pressure acts on the first piston R22 from the first valve assembly XA side in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder R21, and high pressure higher than the low pressure acts on the second piston R23 from the second valve assembly XB side in the longitudinal direction. Due to this pressure difference, as shown in fig. 24, the first piston R22, the second piston R23, the first connecting shaft R24, the second connecting shaft R25, and the spool R26 are integrally displaced in the first valve assembly XA direction of the cylinder R21. As a result, as described above, the side of the pipe R6 on the indoor heat exchanger R5 and the side of the pipe R7 on the upstream side of the compressor R1 communicate with each other through the first communication chamber RV 3. At this time, the outdoor heat exchanger R3 side end of the pipe R6 and the downstream side end of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7 communicate with each other through the second communication chamber RV 4.

In such a flow path structure, the high-pressure gas-phase refrigerant compressed and discharged by the compressor R1 passes through the pipe R7, the second communication chamber RV4, and the pipe R6 in order and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger R3. The refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger R3 is cooled by heat exchange with outdoor air, and condenses. The refrigerant condensed in the outdoor heat exchanger R3 is decompressed by the expansion valve R4 and then flows into the indoor heat exchanger R5. The refrigerant flowing into the indoor heat exchanger R5 takes heat from the indoor air by exchanging heat with the air, and evaporates. The low-pressure gas-phase refrigerant evaporated in the indoor heat exchanger R5 passes through the pipe R6, the first communication chamber RV3, and the pipe R7 in this order, and is sucked into the compressor R1. By doing so, the air in the room is cooled. Namely, the cooling operation is realized.

In the cooling operation, electric power may be supplied to the micro valve Y1 from the harnesses Y6 and Y7 in the first valve assembly XA. In this case, the first valve assembly XA is stopped at the intermediate position. Therefore, in the first valve assembly XA, the first refrigerant hole Y16 communicates with the flow passage RA1, the second refrigerant hole Y17 communicates with the flow passage RA2, and the third refrigerant hole Y18 communicates with the flow passage RA 3.

Then, in the first valve assembly XA, the high pressure on the downstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7 acts on the second refrigerant hole Y17, and the low pressure on the upstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7 acts on the third refrigerant hole Y18. As a result, an intermediate pressure between the high pressure acting on the second refrigerant hole Y17 and the low pressure acting on the third refrigerant hole Y18 acts on the first pressure chamber RV1 via the refrigerant in the through hole Y120, the first refrigerant hole Y16, and the flow passage RA 1. Therefore, the pressure of the refrigerant in the first pressure chamber RV1 becomes the intermediate pressure.

The larger the value obtained by dividing the opening degree of the second refrigerant hole Y17 with respect to the through hole Y120 by the opening degree of the third refrigerant hole Y18 is, the larger the magnitude of the intermediate pressure is. If this intermediate pressure in first pressure chamber RV1 is lower than the pressure in second pressure chamber RV2, and as a result, spool R26 is located at the position shown in fig. 24, the cooling operation described above is achieved.

In the cooling operation, the electric power supplied from the harnesses Y6 and Y7 to the micro valve Y1 in the second valve assembly XB may be smaller than the maximum electric power in the control range. In this case, the second valve unit XB is stopped at the intermediate position. Therefore, in the second valve assembly XB, the first refrigerant hole Y16 communicates with the flow path RB1, the second refrigerant hole Y17 communicates with the flow path RB2, and the third refrigerant hole Y18 communicates with the flow path RB 3.

Then, in the second valve assembly XB, the high pressure on the downstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7 acts on the second refrigerant hole Y17, and the low pressure on the upstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7 acts on the third refrigerant hole Y18. As a result, an intermediate pressure between the high pressure acting on the second refrigerant hole Y17 and the low pressure acting on the third refrigerant hole Y18 acts on the second pressure chamber RV2 via the refrigerant in the through hole Y120, the first refrigerant hole Y16, and the flow path RB 1.

Therefore, the pressure of the refrigerant in the second pressure chamber RV2 becomes the intermediate pressure. The larger the value obtained by dividing the opening degree of the second refrigerant hole Y17 with respect to the through hole Y120 by the opening degree of the third refrigerant hole Y18 is, the larger the magnitude of the intermediate pressure is. When the intermediate pressure in the second pressure chamber RV2 is higher than the pressure in the first pressure chamber RV1 and as a result, the spool R26 is located at the position shown in fig. 24, the above-described cooling operation is realized.

When the pressure in the first pressure chamber RV1 is an intermediate pressure and the pressure in the second pressure chamber RV2 is also an intermediate pressure, the above-described cooling operation is achieved when the intermediate pressure of the first pressure chamber is lower than the intermediate pressure of the second pressure chamber, and as a result, the spool R26 is located at the position shown in fig. 24.

Next, the heating operation will be described. In this case, the maximum electric power in the control range is supplied from the harnesses Y6, Y7 of the first valve assembly XA to the microvalve Y1 of the first valve assembly XA. That is, the duty ratio of the PWM control is 100%. Then, no electric power is supplied from the harnesses Y6, Y7 of the second valve assembly XB to the micro valve Y1 of the second valve assembly XB. That is, the duty ratio of the PWM control is 0%.

In this case, as shown in fig. 30 and 31, the first valve assembly XA is in a state of being stopped at the maximum energization position. Therefore, in the first valve assembly XA, the first refrigerant hole Y16 communicates with the flow passage RA1, the second refrigerant hole Y17 communicates with the flow passage RA2, and the third refrigerant hole Y18 is blocked from the flow passage RA 3. Then, as indicated by arrows in fig. 31, in the first valve assembly XA, the high pressure on the downstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7 acts on the second refrigerant hole Y17 via the refrigerant in the first high-pressure introduction flow passage R28, the flow passage RA2, and the second communication hole YV 2. Further, the high-pressure refrigerant acts on the second pressure chamber RV2 via the refrigerant in the second refrigerant hole Y17, the through hole Y120, the first refrigerant hole Y16, and the flow path RB 1. As a result, the pressure of the refrigerant in the second pressure chamber RV2 becomes the same as the pressure of the high-pressure refrigerant on the downstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7.

In this case, as shown in fig. 28 and 29, the second valve assembly XB is stopped at the non-energization position. Therefore, in the second valve assembly XB, the first refrigerant hole Y16 communicates with the flow path RB1, the second refrigerant hole Y17 is blocked from the flow path RB2, and the third refrigerant hole Y18 communicates with the flow path RB 3. Then, in the second valve block XB, the low pressure on the upstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7 acts on the third refrigerant hole Y18 through the second low pressure introduction flow path R31, the flow path RB3, and the third communication hole YV 3. Further, the low pressure acts on the refrigerant in the first pressure chamber RV1 via the refrigerant in the third refrigerant hole Y18, the through hole Y120, the first refrigerant hole Y16, and the flow path RB 1. As a result, the pressure of the first pressure chamber RV1 becomes the same as the pressure of the low-pressure refrigerant on the upstream side of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7.

Therefore, in this case, high pressure acts on the first piston R22 from the first valve assembly XA side in the length direction of the cylinder R21, and low pressure lower than the high pressure acts on the second piston R23 from the second valve assembly XB side in the length direction. Due to this pressure difference, as shown in fig. 32, the first piston R22, the second piston R23, the first connecting shaft R24, the second connecting shaft R25, and the spool R26 are integrally displaced in the second valve block XB of the cylinder R21. As a result, as described above, the outdoor heat exchanger R3 side end of the pipe R6 and the upstream side end of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7 communicate with each other through the first communication chamber RV 3. At this time, the side of the pipe R6 on the indoor heat exchanger R5 and the side of the pipe R7 on the downstream side of the compressor R1 communicate with each other through the second communication chamber RV 4.

In such a flow path structure, the high-pressure gas-phase refrigerant compressed and discharged by the compressor R1 passes through the pipe R7, the second communication chamber RV4, and the pipe R6 in order and flows into the indoor heat exchanger R5. The refrigerant flowing into the indoor heat exchanger R5 heats and condenses the indoor air by exchanging heat with the indoor air. The refrigerant condensed in the indoor heat exchanger R5 is decompressed by the expansion valve R4 and then flows into the outdoor heat exchanger R3. The refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger R3 takes heat from the outdoor air by exchanging heat with the air, and evaporates. The low-pressure gas-phase refrigerant evaporated in the outdoor heat exchanger R3 passes through the pipe R6, the first communication chamber RV3, and the pipe R7 in this order, and is sucked into the compressor R1. By doing so, the air in the room is heated. That is, the heating operation is realized.

In the heating operation, the electric power supplied from the harnesses Y6 and Y7 to the micro valve Y1 in the first valve group XA may be smaller than the maximum electric power in the control range. In this case, an intermediate pressure between the high pressure acting on the second refrigerant hole Y17 and the low pressure acting on the third refrigerant hole Y18 acts on the first pressure chamber RV1 via the refrigerant in the through hole Y120, the first refrigerant hole Y16, and the flow passage RA 1. Therefore, the pressure of the refrigerant in the first pressure chamber RV1 becomes the intermediate pressure. If this intermediate pressure in first pressure chamber RV1 is higher than the pressure in second pressure chamber RV2, and as a result, spool R26 is located at the position shown in fig. 32, the above-described heating operation is realized.

In the heating operation, electric power may be supplied from the harnesses Y6, Y7 to the micro valve Y1 in the second valve assembly XB. In this case, an intermediate pressure between the high pressure acting on the second refrigerant port Y17 and the low pressure acting on the third refrigerant port Y18 acts on the second pressure chamber RV2 via the refrigerant in the through hole Y120, the first refrigerant port Y16, and the flow path RB 1. Therefore, the pressure of the refrigerant in the second pressure chamber RV2 becomes the intermediate pressure. If this intermediate pressure in second pressure chamber RV2 is lower than the pressure in first pressure chamber RV1, and as a result, spool R26 is located at the position shown in fig. 32, the above-described heating operation is realized.

When the pressure in the first pressure chamber RV1 is the intermediate pressure and the pressure in the second pressure chamber RV2 is also the intermediate pressure, the above-described heating operation is realized when the intermediate pressure of the former is higher than the intermediate pressure of the latter, and as a result, the spool R26 is positioned as shown in fig. 32.

As described above, the four-way valve R2 uses the valve assembly Y0 instead of the solenoid valve, as compared with the four-way valve described in japanese patent laid-open No. 11-2876352. Therefore, the four-way valve R2 can be made smaller and quieter than the four-way valve described in Japanese patent application laid-open No. 11-2876352.

(fourth embodiment)

Next, a fourth embodiment will be explained. The refrigerant circuit of the present embodiment is modified from that of the third embodiment in that the compressor R1 and the four-way valve R2 are integrally formed. Therefore, the pipe R7 of the third embodiment is eliminated. Unless otherwise described below, the four-way valve R2, the outdoor heat exchanger R3, the expansion valve R4, the indoor heat exchanger R5, and the pipe R6 of the present embodiment have the same configuration as that of the third embodiment.

As shown in fig. 33, the compressor R1 has a housing S11 made of a metal material. A compression mechanism S15 for compressing refrigerant and a motor S16 as a drive source of the compression mechanism S15 are housed in the casing S11.

A shaft support member S17 is fixed to an opening near the housing S11. An insertion hole S17h is formed in the center of the shaft support member S17. A motor chamber S12a accommodating the motor S16 is defined by the shaft support member S17 and the housing S11. A rotary shaft S18 is accommodated in the casing S11. One end side of the rotating shaft S18 (i.e., the opening side of the housing S11) is inserted through the insertion hole S17h of the shaft support member S17, and is rotatably supported by the shaft support member S17 via a bearing SB 1. The other end side of the rotation shaft S18 is rotatably supported by the housing S11.

The motor S16 includes a rotor S16a, which is the rotor S16a that rotates integrally with the rotating shaft S18, and a stator 16b, which is the stator 16b fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the suction casing structure S12 so as to surround the rotor S16 a. The motor S16 operates by being supplied with electric power from the inverter S25.

The compression mechanism S15 is constituted by a fixed scroll S20 and an orbiting scroll S21. The fixed scroll S20 includes a disk-shaped fixed base plate S20a and a fixed spiral wrap S20b provided upright from the fixed base plate S20 a. The orbiting scroll S21 includes a disc-shaped orbiting base plate S21a and an orbiting scroll wall S21b provided to rise from the orbiting base plate S21a toward the fixed base plate S20 a.

An eccentric shaft S18a protrudes from one end surface of the rotary shaft S18 at a position eccentric to the rotation axis SL of the rotary shaft S18. A bush S18b is fitted and fixed to the eccentric shaft S18 a. The rotating base plate S21a is supported by the bushing S18b via a bearing SB3 so as to be rotatable relative to the bushing S18 b.

The fixed scroll wall S20b intermeshes with the orbiting scroll wall S21 b. The tip end surface of the fixed spiral wrap S20b is in contact with the orbiting substrate S21a, and the tip end surface of the orbiting spiral wrap S21b is in contact with the fixed substrate S20 a. The compression chamber S22 is defined by the fixed base plate S20a and the fixed scroll wall S20b, and the orbiting base plate S21a and the orbiting scroll wall S21 b.

A rotation preventing mechanism, not shown, for preventing the orbiting scroll S21 from rotating at a time is disposed between the orbiting plate S21a and the shaft support member S17. A discharge port 20e is formed in the center of the fixed board S20 a. A discharge valve S20V is attached to the fixed board S20a so as to cover the discharge port S20 e. The discharge port S20e communicates with the second communication chamber RV4 of the four-way valve R2. Further, the cylinder R21 of the four-way valve R2 of the present embodiment has a shape in which the fixed scroll S20 side of the second communication chamber RV4 is open.

Further, a suction passage S12h is formed in the cylinder R21 and the fixed scroll S20. The suction passage S12h is always in communication with the outer peripheral side of the compression chamber S22 and the first communication chamber RV3 of the four-way valve R2. Further, the suction passage S12h does not communicate with any of the first pressure chamber RV1, the second pressure chamber RV2, and the second communication chamber RV 4.

In the present embodiment, the first high-pressure introduction flow passage R28 of the four-way valve R2 is formed in the cylinder R21, and is communicated with the second communication hole YV2 of the first valve assembly XA at one end thereof, and is communicated with the discharge port S20e at the other end thereof via a flow passage not shown. The second high-pressure introduction flow passage R29 is formed in the cylinder R21, communicates with the second communication hole YV2 of the second valve assembly XB at one end, and communicates with the discharge port S20e at the other end via a flow passage not shown. Therefore, the high-pressure refrigerant downstream of the compressor R1 compressed by the compressor R1 flows into and acts on the first high-pressure introduction flow passage R28 and the second high-pressure introduction flow passage R29. Since the discharge port S20e is located outside the four-way valve R2, both the first high-pressure introduction flow path R28 and the second high-pressure introduction flow path R29 correspond to the external communication hole. The flow paths, not shown, are formed in the cylinder R21 and the fixed board S20 a.

The first low pressure introduction flow passage R30 is formed in the cylinder R21, communicates with the third communication hole YV3 of the first valve assembly XA at one end, and communicates with the suction passage S12h at the other end via a flow passage not shown. The second low-pressure introduction flow passage R31 is formed in the cylinder R21, communicates with the third communication hole YV3 of the second valve assembly XB at one end, and communicates with the suction passage S12h at the other end via a flow passage not shown. Therefore, the low-pressure refrigerant upstream of the compressor R1 before being compressed by the compressor R1 flows into and acts on the first low-pressure introduction flow path R30 and the second low-pressure introduction flow path R31. Since the suction passage S12h communicates with the inside of the compressor R1 outside the four-way valve R2, the first low-pressure introduction flow passage R30 and the second low-pressure introduction flow passage R31 both correspond to the outside communication hole. The flow passage, not shown, is formed in the cylinder R21.

Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described. When electric power is supplied from the inverter S25 to the motor S16, the rotor S16a rotates. Then, the orbiting scroll S21 performs an orbiting motion via the rotation shaft S18. Then, the compression mechanism S15 performs a compression operation and a discharge operation, and the refrigerant circulates through the external refrigerant circuit. Then, low-pressure refrigerant is sucked from first communication chamber RV3 to the outer peripheral side of compression chamber S22 through suction passage S12 h. The refrigerant in the compression chamber S22 is compressed by the rotation of the orbiting scroll S21, pushes open the discharge valve S20V from the discharge port S20e, and is discharged as a high-pressure refrigerant into the second communication chamber RV 4.

The method of supplying current to the micro valve Y1 of the first valve assembly XA and the micro valve Y1 of the second valve assembly XB and the operation of the valve body R26 in the cooling operation and the heating operation of the refrigerant circuit are the same as those in the third embodiment. The flow of the refrigerant in the cooling operation and the heating operation is the same as that in the third embodiment except that the downstream of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7 is replaced with the discharge port S20e, and the upstream of the compressor R1 in the pipe R7 is replaced with the suction passage S12 h. Therefore, the present embodiment can achieve the same effects as the third embodiment. In addition, the first valve assembly XA, the second valve assembly XB, and the compressor R1 are formed integrally, thereby enabling the refrigeration cycle to be downsized.

In the present embodiment, the same effects as those of the third embodiment can be obtained. In addition, in the present embodiment, since the compressor R1 and the four-way valve R2 can be integrated, the refrigeration cycle can be reduced in size. Further, since the pipe R7 can be eliminated, the refrigeration cycle can be easily downsized. Further, since the size of the four-way valve R2 is reduced and the piping is simplified, the refrigeration cycle of the present embodiment is useful in a system in which the cooling/heating mode is switched by refrigerant piping, such as in an indoor air conditioner. In particular, when the refrigeration cycle of the present embodiment is applied to a small-sized air conditioning unit in which the refrigeration cycle, the blower fan, the heater core, the air conditioning casing, the inside/outside air switching door, and the air mix door are disposed in one casing, as in japanese patent application laid-open No. 2018 71871, the effect of downsizing is large.

(fifth embodiment)

Next, a fifth embodiment will be explained. The microvalve X1 in the present embodiment, which is modified to the first and second embodiments, has a failure detection function. Specifically, the micro valve X1 includes a failure detection unit X50 as shown in fig. 34 and 35, in addition to the same configuration as that of the first and second embodiments.

The failure detection unit X50 includes a bridge circuit formed in the arm X126 of the intermediate layer X12. The bridge circuit includes four metering resistors connected as shown in fig. 35. That is, the failure detection unit X50 is a bridge circuit whose resistance changes in accordance with the strain of the arm X126 corresponding to the diaphragm. That is, the failure detection unit X50 is a semiconductor piezoresistive strain sensor. The failure detection unit X50 may be connected to the arm X126 via an electrically insulating film so as to be nonconductive from the arm X126.

To the two input terminals located at opposite corners of the bridge circuit, wirings X51 and X52 are connected. Then, a voltage for generating a constant current is applied to the input terminal from the wirings X51 and X52. The wirings X51 and X52 are branched from the voltage applied to the microvalve X1 via the electric wirings X6 and X7 (i.e., the microvalve driving voltage) and extended to the two input terminals.

Further, two output terminals located at the other diagonal corners of the bridge circuit are connected to lines X53 and X54. Then, voltage signals of a level corresponding to the amount of strain of the arm X126 are output from the wirings X53 and X54. As will be described later, this voltage signal is used as information for determining whether or not microvalve X1 is operating normally. The voltage signals output from the wirings X53 and X54 are input to a controller X55 located outside the microvalve X1.

The control device X55 may be, for example, an air conditioning ECU that controls operations of a compressor, a blower, an air mix door, an inside/outside air switching door, and the like in a vehicle air conditioning device. Alternatively, the control device X55 may be a meter ECU that displays the vehicle speed, the remaining fuel level, the remaining battery level, and the like in the vehicle.

When the controller X55 acquires a voltage signal corresponding to the strain amount of the arm X126 via the wires X53 and X54, the controller X55 detects the presence or absence of a failure of the micro valve X1 based on the voltage signal. Examples of the failure to be detected include a failure in which the arm X126 breaks, a failure in which a small foreign object is interposed between the movable portion X128 and the first outer layer X11 or the second outer layer X13, and the movable portion X128 does not move, and the like.

When the beam X127 and the movable portion X128 are displaced according to the expansion and contraction of the plurality of first ribs X123 and the plurality of second ribs X124, the amount of strain of the arm X126 changes. Therefore, the position of the movable portion X128 can be estimated from the voltage signal corresponding to the amount of strain of the arm X126. On the other hand, if the micro valve X1 is normal, there is also a correlation between the amount of current flowing from the harnesses X6, X7 to the micro valve X1 and the position of the movable part X128. This energization amount is a control amount for controlling micro valve X1.

The controller X55 detects the presence or absence of a failure of the micro valve X1 using this situation. That is, the controller X55 calculates the position of the movable unit X128 based on a first map set in advance based on the voltage signals from the wires X53 and X54. Then, the electric power supplied from the harnesses X6, X7 to the micro valve X1, which is necessary to realize the position of the movable unit X128 in the normal state, is calculated from the position of the movable unit X128 based on a second map set in advance. These first and second maps are stored in the nonvolatile memory of the control device X55. Non-volatile memory is a non-transitory, tangible storage medium.

Then, the controller X55 compares the calculated electric power with the electric power actually supplied from the harnesses X6 and X7 to the micro valve X1. Then, if the absolute value of the difference between the former electric power and the latter electric power exceeds the allowable value, the controller X55 determines that the micro valve X1 has failed, and if the absolute value does not exceed the allowable value, the controller X55 determines that the micro valve X1 is normal. When it is determined that the micro valve X1 has failed, the controller X55 performs predetermined failure report control.

The control device X55 operates the reporting device X56 that reports to the vehicle occupant in the trouble report control. For example, the control device X55 may turn on a warning lamp. Further, the controller X55 may cause the image display device to display an image indicating that the micro valve X1 has failed. Thus, the occupant of the vehicle can notice the failure of the microvalve X1.

In the failure report control, the controller X55 may store information indicating that a failure has occurred in the micro valve X1 in a storage device in the vehicle. The storage device is a non-transitory tangible storage medium. This allows the failure of the microvalve X1 to be recorded.

When it is determined that the micro valve X1 has failed, the controller X55 performs energization stop control. In the energization stop control, the controller X55 stops energization of the micro valve X1 from the harnesses X6 and X7. By stopping the energization of the micro valve X1 at the time of failure of the micro valve X1 in this way, the safety of the micro valve X1 at the time of failure can be improved.

As described above, the failure detection unit X50 outputs a voltage signal for determining whether or not the micro valve X1 is operating normally, and the control unit can easily determine whether or not the micro valve X1 has failed.

The voltage signal is a signal corresponding to the amount of strain of arm X126. Therefore, the presence or absence of a failure of the micro valve X1 can be easily determined based on the relationship between the amount of current flowing from the harness X6 or X7 to the micro valve X1 and the voltage signal.

In the present embodiment, whether or not microvalve X1 has failed is determined based on a change in resistance of the bridge circuit. However, as another method, it may be determined whether or not micro valve X1 has failed based on a change in capacitance. In this case, a plurality of electrodes are formed on arm X126 instead of the bridge circuit, and the plurality of electrodes form a capacitance component. The amount of strain of the arm X126 is correlated with the capacitance between the plurality of electrodes. Therefore, the control device can determine whether or not the micro valve X1 has failed based on the change in the capacitance between the plurality of electrodes.

(sixth embodiment)

Next, a sixth embodiment will be explained. In the third and fourth embodiments, microvalve Y1 in each of first valve assembly XA and second valve assembly XB has a failure detection function. Specifically, the micro valve Y1 includes a failure detection unit Y50 as shown in fig. 36 and 37, in addition to the same configuration as that of the third and fourth embodiments.

The failure detecting section Y50 includes a bridge circuit formed in the arm Y126 of the intermediate layer Y12. The bridge circuit includes four metering resistors connected as shown in fig. 37. That is, the failure detection unit Y50 is a bridge circuit whose resistance changes in accordance with the strain of the arm Y126 corresponding to the diaphragm. That is, the failure detecting unit Y50 is a semiconductor piezoresistive strain sensor. The failure detection unit Y50 may be connected to the arm Y126 via an electrically insulating film so as to be nonconductive from the arm Y126.

The two input terminals located at opposite corners of the bridge circuit are connected to wires Y51 and Y52. Then, a voltage for constant current generation is applied to the input terminal through the wirings Y51 and Y52. The wirings Y51 and Y52 are branched from the voltage applied to the microvalve Y1 via the electric wirings Y6 and Y7 (i.e., the microvalve driving voltage) and extend to the two input terminals.

Further, two output terminals located at the other diagonal corners of the bridge circuit are connected to wirings Y53 and Y54. Then, voltage signals corresponding to the amount of strain of the arm Y126 are output from the wirings Y53 and Y54. As will be described later, this voltage signal is used as information for determining whether or not microvalve Y1 is operating normally. The voltage signals output from the wirings Y53 and Y54 are input to a controller Y55 located outside the microvalve X1.

The control device Y55 may be, for example, an air conditioning ECU that controls operations of a compressor, a blower, an air mix door, an inside/outside air switching door, and the like in a vehicle air conditioning device. Alternatively, the control device Y55 may be a meter ECU that displays the vehicle speed, the remaining fuel level, the remaining battery level, and the like in the vehicle.

When the controller Y55 acquires a voltage signal corresponding to the strain amount of the arm Y126 via the wires Y53 and Y54, the controller Y55 detects the presence or absence of a failure of the micro valve Y1 based on the voltage signal. Examples of the failure to be detected include a failure in which the arm Y126 is broken, a failure in which a small foreign object is interposed between the movable portion Y128 and the first outer layer Y11 or the second outer layer Y13, and the movable portion Y128 does not move, and the like.

When the beam Y127 and the movable portion Y128 are displaced in accordance with the expansion and contraction of the plurality of first ribs Y123 and the plurality of second ribs Y124, the amount of strain of the arm Y126 changes. Therefore, the position of the movable portion Y128 can be estimated from the voltage signal corresponding to the amount of strain of the arm Y126. On the other hand, if the micro valve Y1 is normal, there is also a correlation between the amount of current flowing from the harnesses Y6, Y7 to the micro valve Y1 and the position of the movable portion Y128. This energization amount is a control amount for controlling micro valve Y1.

The controller Y55 detects the presence or absence of a failure of the micro valve Y1 using this situation. That is, the controller Y55 calculates the position of the movable portion Y128 based on a first map set in advance based on the voltage signals from the wirings Y53 and Y54. Then, the electric power supplied from the harnesses Y6, Y7 to the micro valve Y1, which is necessary to realize the position of the movable portion Y128 in the normal state, is calculated from the position of the movable portion Y128 based on a second map set in advance. These first and second maps are stored in the nonvolatile memory of the control device Y55. Non-volatile memory is a non-transitory, tangible storage medium.

Then, the controller Y55 compares the calculated electric power with the electric power actually supplied from the harnesses Y6, Y7 to the micro valve Y1. Then, if the absolute value of the difference between the former power and the latter power exceeds the allowable value, the controller Y55 determines that the micro valve Y1 has failed, and if the absolute value does not exceed the allowable value, the controller Y55 determines that the micro valve Y1 is normal. When it is determined that the micro valve Y1 has failed, the control device Y55 performs predetermined failure notification control.

The control device Y55 operates the notification device Y56 for notifying the vehicle occupant of the failure notification control. For example, the control device Y55 may turn on a warning lamp. Further, the controller Y55 may cause the image display device to display an image indicating that the micro valve Y1 has failed. Thus, the occupant of the vehicle can notice the failure of the microvalve Y1.

In the failure report control, the control device Y55 may store information indicating that a failure has occurred in the micro valve Y1 in a storage device in the vehicle. The storage device is a non-transitory tangible storage medium. This allows the failure of the microvalve Y1 to be recorded.

When it is determined that the micro valve Y1 has failed, the controller Y55 performs energization stop control. During the energization stop control, the controller Y55 stops energization of the micro valve Y1 from the harnesses Y6 and Y7. By stopping the energization of the micro valve Y1 at the time of failure of the micro valve Y1 in this way, the safety of the micro valve Y1 at the time of failure can be improved.

As described above, the failure detector Y50 outputs a voltage signal for determining whether or not the microvalve Y1 is operating normally, and the controller can easily determine whether or not the microvalve Y1 has failed.

The voltage signal is a signal corresponding to the amount of strain of the arm Y126. Therefore, the presence or absence of a failure of the micro valve Y1 can be easily determined based on the relationship between the amount of current flowing from the harnesses Y6, Y7 to the micro valve Y1 and the voltage signal.

In the present embodiment, it is determined whether or not micro valve Y1 has failed based on a change in resistance constituting the bridge circuit. However, as another method, it may be determined whether or not micro valve Y1 has failed based on a change in capacitance. In this case, a plurality of electrodes are formed on the arm Y126 instead of the bridge circuit, and the plurality of electrodes form a capacitance component. The amount of deformation of the arm Y126 is correlated with the capacitance between the plurality of electrodes. Therefore, the controller Y55 can determine whether or not the micro valve Y1 has failed based on the change in the capacitance between the plurality of electrodes.

(other embodiments)

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be modified as appropriate. The above embodiments are not independent of each other, and can be combined appropriately except for the case where it is clear that the combination is not possible. In the above embodiments, elements constituting the embodiments are not necessarily essential, except for cases where the elements are specifically and explicitly indicated as essential, cases where the elements are clearly regarded as essential in principle, and the like. In the above embodiments, when numerical values such as the number, numerical value, amount, and range of the constituent elements of the embodiments are mentioned, the number is not limited to a specific number unless it is specifically stated to be necessary or it is clearly limited to a specific number in principle. In the above-described embodiment, when it is described that the external environment information (for example, the humidity outside the vehicle) of the vehicle is acquired from the sensor, the sensor may be discarded, and the external environment information may be received from a server or cloud outside the vehicle. Alternatively, the sensor may be discarded, the related information related to the external environment information may be acquired from a server or cloud outside the vehicle, and the external environment information may be estimated from the acquired related information. In particular, when a plurality of values are illustrated for a certain amount, values between these plurality of values can be adopted, except for cases where they are described separately and where they are obviously impossible in principle. In the above embodiments, when referring to the shape, positional relationship, and the like of the constituent elements and the like, the shape, positional relationship, and the like are not limited to those unless otherwise stated or unless the principle is limited to a specific shape, positional relationship, and the like. The present invention also allows the following modifications and equivalent ranges to the above embodiments. In addition, the following modifications can independently select application and non-application to the above-described embodiment. That is, any combination of the following modifications can be applied to the above embodiments.

(modification 1)

In each of the above embodiments, the plurality of first ribs X123, the plurality of second ribs X124, the plurality of first ribs Y123, and the plurality of second ribs Y124 generate heat by energization, and the temperature of themselves rises due to the heat generation, and expands. However, these components may also be constructed of shape memory materials that change in length when temperature changes.

(modification 2)

In the fifth embodiment, when the current supply from the harnesses X6, X7 to the micro valve X1 is stopped, the micro valve X1 is in a closed state. However, this need not necessarily be the case. For example, when the current supply from the harnesses X6, X7 to the micro valve X1 is stopped, the micro valve X1 may be in an open state.

(modification 3)

In the third and fourth embodiments, two valve assemblies are used, but three or more valve assemblies may be used.

(modification 4)

In the second embodiment, the first expansion valve Q13 for air conditioning of the front seat side may have the same configuration as the second expansion valve Q14 for air conditioning of the rear seat side.

(modification 5)

The shape and size of the microvalve X1 are not limited to those shown in the above embodiments. The microvalve X1 may have the first refrigerant port X16 and the second refrigerant port X17 having a hydraulic pressure diameter that enables extremely small flow rate control and does not clog fine dust present in the flow path.

(modification 6)

The shape and size of the microvalve Y1 are not limited to those shown in the above embodiments. The microvalve Y1 may have a first refrigerant port Y16, a second refrigerant port Y17, and a third refrigerant port Y18, which have a hydraulic pressure diameter capable of controlling an extremely small flow rate and preventing clogging of fine dust present in the flow path.

(conclusion)

According to a first aspect shown in part or all of the embodiments described above, a valve device for a refrigeration cycle includes: a body formed with a first port, a second port, and a valve chamber through which refrigerant flowing from the first port to the second port flows; a spool that switches communication between and cuts off communication between the first port and the second port of the valve chamber by being displaced in the valve chamber; and a valve member that changes a pressure for moving the valve body by adjusting a flow rate of a refrigerant between an external communication path and the valve chamber, the external communication path communicating with a refrigerant flow path outside the valve device in the refrigeration cycle, the valve member including: a base portion in which a refrigerant chamber through which a refrigerant flows, a first refrigerant hole communicating with the refrigerant chamber, and a second refrigerant hole communicating with the refrigerant chamber are formed; a driving unit that displaces when the temperature of the driving unit changes; an amplification unit that amplifies a displacement of the drive unit caused by a change in temperature; and a movable portion that is moved in the refrigerant chamber by transmitting displacement amplified by the amplifying portion, and adjusts a flow rate of the refrigerant between the first refrigerant hole and the second refrigerant hole via the refrigerant chamber, wherein when the driving portion is displaced due to a change in temperature, the driving portion biases the amplifying portion at a biasing position, so that the amplifying portion is displaced about a hinge, and the amplifying portion biases the movable portion at a connecting position between the amplifying portion and the movable portion, and a distance from the hinge to the connecting position is longer than a distance from the hinge to the biasing position, and one of the first refrigerant hole and the second refrigerant hole communicates with the external communication passage, and the other communicates with the valve chamber.

In addition, according to a second aspect, the base portion includes a first outer layer having a plate shape, a second outer layer having a plate shape, and a fixing portion sandwiched between the first outer layer and the second outer layer, the first outer layer is formed with a hole through which an electric wire for changing a temperature of the driving portion passes, and the second outer layer is formed with the first refrigerant hole and the second refrigerant hole.

In this way, the valve member has a U-turn structure in which the first refrigerant hole and the second refrigerant hole are formed in the same first outer layer, and a hole through which the harness passes is formed in the second outer layer on the side opposite to the first outer layer. Therefore, the harness can be placed closer to the atmosphere than to the flow paths of the refrigerant on the first refrigerant hole and the second refrigerant hole side, and the like. Therefore, the necessity of a sealing structure such as an airtight portion for reducing the influence of the refrigerant atmosphere on the electric wiring is reduced.

Further, according to a third aspect, the valve member is a first valve member (Y1), the external communication passage is a first external communication passage (R28, R30), the valve device includes a second valve member (X1, Y1) that changes a pressure for moving the valve body by adjusting a flow rate of the refrigerant between a second external communication passage (R29, R31) communicating with a refrigerant flow passage outside the valve device in the refrigeration cycle, and the second valve member further includes: a base (Y11, Y121, Y13) formed with a refrigerant chamber (Y19) through which a refrigerant flows, a first refrigerant hole (Y16) communicating with the refrigerant chamber, and a second refrigerant hole (Y17) communicating with the refrigerant chamber; a drive unit (Y123, Y124, Y125) that displaces when the temperature of the drive unit changes; an amplification unit (Y126, Y127) that amplifies the displacement of the drive unit caused by a change in temperature; and a movable portion (Y128) that is moved by transmitting the displacement amplified by the amplifying portion to adjust the flow rate of the refrigerant between the first refrigerant hole and the second refrigerant hole via the refrigerant chamber, wherein when the driving portion of the second valve member is displaced due to a change in temperature, the driving portion of the second valve member biases the amplifying portion of the second valve member at a biasing position (YP2) of the second valve member, the amplifying portion of the second valve member is displaced about a hinge (YP0) of the second valve member, and the amplifying portion of the second valve member biases the movable portion of the second valve member at a connecting position (YP3) where the amplifying portion of the second valve member and the movable portion of the second valve member are connected, and a distance from the hinge of the second valve member to the connecting position of the second valve member is larger than a distance from the hinge of the second valve member to the connecting position of the second valve member A distance from the hinge of the second valve member to the biasing position of the second valve member is long, and one of the first refrigerant hole of the second valve member and the second refrigerant hole of the second valve member communicates with the second external communication passage while the other communicates with the valve chamber. In this way, the first valve member and the second valve member can function to move the same spool.

In addition, according to a fourth aspect, the valve device is integrally formed with a compressor constituting the refrigeration cycle. In this way, the valve device and the compressor are integrated, and the refrigeration cycle can be reduced in size.

In addition, according to a fifth aspect, the valve unit includes a failure detection unit that outputs a signal for determining whether the valve unit is operating normally or has failed. By outputting such a signal from the valve member, the presence or absence of a failure of the valve member can be easily determined.

In addition, according to a sixth aspect, the signal is a signal corresponding to a strain amount of the amplifying section. With this configuration, the presence or absence of a failure in the valve device can be determined based on the relationship between the signal and the control amount for controlling the valve member.

In addition, according to a seventh aspect, the driving unit generates heat by energization, and the failure detecting unit outputs the signal to a device that stops energization to the valve member when the valve member has failed. By stopping the energization at the time of failure of the valve member in this way, the safety at the time of failure can be improved.

Further, according to an eighth aspect, when the valve member has a failure, the failure detection unit outputs the signal to a device that operates a reporting device that reports a person. Thereby, a person can know the failure of the valve member.

In addition, according to a ninth aspect, the valve member is constituted by a semiconductor chip. Therefore, the valve member can be configured to be small.