阅读说明：本技术 一种高油糯玉米杂交选育方法 (High-oil waxy corn hybridization breeding method ) 是由 高翔扩 赵辉 鲁用强 罗婵娟 于 2021-08-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公布了高油糯玉米杂交选育方法技术领域的一种高油糯玉米杂交选育方法,首先挑选父本母本,然后基于父本母本进行微胚乳类型选育构建、杂交混合选择和自交系分离,通过从选取好的父本和母本中选择微胚乳类型的玉米材料,从这些微胚乳玉米材料中选择农艺性状较好的植株所结果穗的籽粒,这样用高油糯玉米杂交系和玉米自交系杂交和自交选育的高油糯玉米自交系,克服现有技术选育高油糯玉米种质遗传基础狭窄、育成的高油糯玉米品种普遍抗病性较差、产量较低、很难适宜普遍地区推广应用的缺陷,集中了高含油量、表现品质优、抗性好和产量高。(The invention discloses a high-oil waxy corn hybridization breeding method in the technical field of high-oil waxy corn hybridization breeding methods, which comprises the steps of firstly selecting male parent and female parent, then carrying out micro-endosperm type breeding construction, hybridization mixed selection and selfing line separation on the basis of the male parent and the female parent, selecting micro-endosperm type corn materials from the selected male parent and female parent, and selecting grains of fruit ears of plants with better agronomic characters from the micro-endosperm corn materials.)

1. A high-oil waxy corn hybridization breeding method is characterized in that: the steps of the cross breeding method are as follows: firstly, selecting male parent and female parent, and then carrying out micro-endosperm type breeding construction, hybrid selection and inbred line separation on the basis of the male parent and the female parent; the specific steps of the hybridization breeding are as follows:

s1: and (3) breeding and constructing micro endosperm types: selecting corn materials of micro-endosperm type from the selected male parent and female parent, selecting seeds of ears obtained by plants with better agronomic characters from the corn materials of micro-endosperm, selecting corn seeds of micro-endosperm with oil content of more than 18% by using a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus, selecting seeds of more ears as far as possible, synthesizing a corn population of micro-endosperm, selecting fertile land in a planting area, and performing pest control at the seedling stage and the middle and later stages;

s2: hybrid selection: carrying out isolation planting on the micro-endosperm corn seeds with the oil content of more than 18 percent selected in the step S1, carrying out natural pollination, planting the micro-endosperm corn seeds in 4000-5000 plants, selecting the ears with plump seeds and no plant diseases and insect pests after ripening, carrying out natural air drying and single ear threshing on the ears, taking 3 samples for each ear, randomly taking 5 plump corn seeds for each sample, measuring the weight of 5 grains by using an electronic balance, measuring the oil content by using a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, selecting the ears with the oil content of more than 20 percent and the weight of heavy grains, carrying out isolation planting on the ears, promoting the natural pollination, fully interacting the genes of the ears, carrying out a new round of mixed selection after ripening, gradually improving the oil content of the ears along with the increase of the number of rounds, gradually selecting the ears with the oil content of more than 20 percent and the weight of heavy grains, carrying out 4-6 rounds of mixed selection planting, the average oil content of more clusters in the obtained population is more than 26 percent;

s3: separation of an inbred line: and selecting a single plant with excellent agronomic characters from the micro-endosperm maize population obtained after 4-6 rounds of mixed selection, selfing, bagging and selfing when the plant grows to a powder scattering and silk laying period, carrying out intercrossing once every 2-3 continuous selfing generations, selecting seeds of clusters with oil content not less than 26% and excellent agronomic characters from each generation as parent plants for next generation, and preserving the seeds until the main characters of all the clusters obtained by planting are basically consistent, thereby obtaining the micro-endosperm ultrahigh oil waxy maize inbred line with oil content stably greater than 26%.

2. The high-oil waxy corn hybrid breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-oil waxy corn is obtained by matching a grain crop research institute of agricultural academy of sciences in Yunnan province and a Yunnan Zhenzhe Fengyen Co Ltd in 2017 with a ZOL24 female parent and a ZOL82 male parent, wherein the female parent 'ZOL 24' is obtained by hybridizing a 'Zhenziyuyu No. 3' female parent and a self-bred waxy corn germplasm resource 'ZHN 17' for 7 generations through selfing in 2008 in winter, and the male parent 'ZOL 28' is obtained by hybridizing a 'Zhenziyu No. 9' male parent and a self-bred waxy corn germplasm resource 'ZHN 23' in 2012 positive season, selfing through 1-band mixing and 6 generations in 2015 winter, and breeding.

3. The high-oil waxy corn hybrid breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: when planting the micro-endosperm corn in the step S2, the row ratio of the parents is controlled to be 1: 3-4, the seeding density of the female parent is 2000-.

4. The high-oil waxy corn hybrid breeding method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the male parent and the female parent need to be sown at the same time, the female parent is sown firstly, the male parent is sown 1/2 after 5 days, the other male parent is sown 1/2 after 8 days, and in addition, the male parent needs to be prevented from high temperature during sowing so as to prevent the male ear from degeneration.

5. The high-oil waxy corn hybrid breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S3, when selecting a good individual plant, all the mixed plants and abnormal plants in the parent and female parent rows need to be removed before the male parent and female parent spin.

6. The high-oil waxy corn hybrid breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: s1 applying 2000 times of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 150 ml/mu in seedling stage, applying biopesticide such as BT emulsion or 5% fipronil as chemical agent in middle and later stage, and preventing corn borer and aphid while ensuring no corn around planting area.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of high-oil waxy corn hybrid breeding methods, in particular to a high-oil waxy corn hybrid breeding method.

Background

Corn is the first large grain crop in China, is also an important feed and industrial raw material, the planting area and the yield of the corn are in the top position, and the corn has been planted for more than 400 years in ChinaThe corn variety in China is comprehensively updated four times, but with continuous deterioration of the corn cultivation environment, diseases, insects, grasses, drought, cold, waterlogging and other natural disasters cause serious damage to the corn production, farmers urgently wait for new corn varieties with high yield, high quality and multiple resistances to appear to meet the market demand, the cultivation area in China currently exceeds more than 2000 million hectares, 2004-2016 years, the food production in China realizes thirteen-fold increase, wherein the corn yield is increased by 55%, the effect of the mastership is exerted, under the large background of fourteen-fold increase of the food in China, the key of continuous and stable development of the food is seized after the corn production is seized, the corn is also the first large food crop in Yunnan province, and the perennial sowing area is about 133 million hm²The corn grain fertilizer accounts for 20-40% of the total grain yield of the whole province, and the safe corn production plays a significant role in ensuring the grain safety of the province and the development of the animal husbandry and other industries.

Most corn production areas in Yunnan are in mountainous areas, semi-mountainous areas and hilly areas of Yunhao plateau, compared with flat dam areas and low-altitude areas, the areas are relatively weak in illumination, poor in land, poor in water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil, and capable of directly squeezing corn oil from whole corn seeds serving as novel oil crops, wherein the oil content of mature seeds of the corn is more than 20%. As the corn is the crop which utilizes the heterosis at the earliest, the corn has better improvement prospect than any other oil crop, and therefore, the high-oil waxy corn hybrid breeding method is provided.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-oil waxy corn hybrid breeding method to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a high oil waxy corn hybridization breeding method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting male parent and female parent, and then carrying out micro-endosperm type breeding construction, hybrid selection and inbred line separation on the basis of the male parent and the female parent; the specific steps of the hybridization breeding are as follows:

s1: and (3) breeding and constructing micro endosperm types: selecting corn materials of micro-endosperm type from the selected male parent and female parent, selecting grains of ears obtained by plants with better agronomic characters from the corn materials of micro-endosperm, then selecting corn seeds of micro-endosperm with oil content of more than 18% by using a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus, selecting grains of more ears as far as possible, and synthesizing a corn group of micro-endosperm;

s2: hybrid selection: carrying out isolation planting on the micro-endosperm corn seeds with the oil content of more than 18 percent selected in the step S1, carrying out natural pollination, planting the micro-endosperm corn seeds in 4000-5000 plants, selecting the ears with plump seeds and no plant diseases and insect pests after ripening, carrying out natural air drying and single ear threshing on the ears, taking 3 samples for each ear, randomly taking 5 plump corn seeds for each sample, measuring the weight of 5 grains by using an electronic balance, measuring the oil content by using a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, selecting the ears with the oil content of more than 20 percent and the weight of heavy grains, carrying out isolation planting on the ears, promoting the natural pollination, fully interacting the genes of the ears, carrying out a new round of mixed selection after ripening, gradually improving the oil content of the ears along with the increase of the number of rounds, gradually selecting the ears with the oil content of more than 20 percent and the weight of heavy grains, carrying out 4-6 rounds of mixed selection planting, the average oil content of more clusters in the obtained population is more than 26 percent;

s3: separation of an inbred line: and selecting a single plant with excellent agronomic characters from the micro-endosperm maize population obtained after 4-6 rounds of mixed selection, selfing, bagging and selfing when the plant grows to a powder scattering and silk laying period, carrying out intercrossing once every 2-3 continuous selfing generations, selecting seeds of clusters with oil content not less than 26% and excellent agronomic characters from each generation as parent plants for next generation, and preserving the seeds until the main characters of all the clusters obtained by planting are basically consistent, thereby obtaining the micro-endosperm ultrahigh oil waxy maize inbred line with oil content stably greater than 26%.

Preferably, the high-oil waxy corn is obtained by matching a grain crop research institute of agricultural academy of sciences in Yunnan province and a Yunnan Zhenzhe Fengyao Co Ltd in 2017 with a ZOL24 female parent and a ZOL82 male parent, wherein the female parent 'ZOL 24' is obtained by hybridizing a 'Zhenziyuyuyu No. 3' female parent and a self-bred waxy corn germplasm resource 'ZHN 17' for 7 generations for selfing in 2008 in winter, and the male parent 'ZOL 28' is obtained by hybridizing a 'Zhenziyu No. 9' male parent and a self-bred waxy corn germplasm resource 'ZHN 23' for 2012 in the season, selfing by mixing powder 1 and selfing 6 generations in 2015 winter.

Preferably, when the micro-endosperm corn is planted in the step S2, the row ratio of the parents is controlled to be 1: 3-4, the seeding density of the female parent is 2000-.

Preferably, the male parent and the female parent need to be sown at the same time, the female parent is sown firstly, the male parent is sown 1/2 after 5 days, the other male parent is sown 1/2 after 8 days, and in addition, the male parent needs to be prevented from high temperature when being sown so as to prevent the male ear from degeneration.

Preferably, in the step S3, when selecting good individuals, all the hybrid plants and heterotypic plants in the father and mother lines need to be removed before the father and mother lines are spinned.

Preferably, 2000-fold liquid of 150 milliliters per mu of phoxim missible oil is applied to prevent and control underground pests in the seedling stage in the step S1, biological pesticides such as BT emulsion or chemical agents of 5 percent fipronil are applied to the core in the middle and later stages to prevent and control corn borers and aphids, and meanwhile, the situation that corns cannot be planted around the planting area is ensured.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention selects corn materials with micro endosperm from the selected male parent and the female parent, selects grains of fruit ears of plants with better agronomic characters from the micro endosperm corn materials, so that the high oil waxy corn self-bred line bred by hybridization and self-breeding of the high oil waxy corn hybrid line and the corn self-bred line overcomes the defects of narrow germplasm genetic basis, poorer general disease resistance, lower yield and difficult suitability for popularization and application in general areas of the bred high oil waxy corn variety in the prior art, and integrates high oil content, excellent performance quality, good resistance and high yield;

2. the oil content of the bred micro-endosperm maize inbred line is more than 18 percent, the oil content of the inbred line with excellent agronomic character performance reaches 26 percent, so the method of the invention takes the inbred lines as parents for matching to breed the micro-endosperm maize hybrid with higher oil content, can further improve the oil yield of the micro-endosperm maize as an oil crop, improves the economic benefit, has good commodity performance and oil content reaching 26 percent, better integrates the characteristics of waxy maize and high-oil waxy maize, has soft and waxy mouthfeel when being eaten fresh, and solves the problem that unsaturated fatty acid in the maize oil is difficult to preserve.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Examples

A high oil waxy corn hybridization breeding method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting male parent and female parent, and then carrying out micro-endosperm type breeding construction, hybrid selection and inbred line separation on the basis of the male parent and the female parent; the specific steps of the hybridization breeding are as follows:

s1: and (3) breeding and constructing micro endosperm types: selecting corn materials of micro-endosperm type from the selected male parent and female parent, selecting grains of ears obtained by plants with better agronomic characters from the corn materials of micro-endosperm, then selecting corn seeds of micro-endosperm with oil content of more than 18% by using a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus, selecting grains of more ears as far as possible, and synthesizing a corn group of micro-endosperm;

s2: hybrid selection: carrying out isolation planting on the micro-endosperm corn seeds with the oil content of more than 18 percent selected in the step S1, carrying out natural pollination, planting the micro-endosperm corn seeds in 4000-5000 plants, selecting the ears with plump seeds and no plant diseases and insect pests after ripening, carrying out natural air drying and single ear threshing on the ears, taking 3 samples for each ear, randomly taking 5 plump corn seeds for each sample, measuring the weight of 5 grains by using an electronic balance, measuring the oil content by using a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, selecting the ears with the oil content of more than 20 percent and the weight of heavy grains, carrying out isolation planting on the ears, promoting the natural pollination, fully interacting the genes of the ears, carrying out a new round of mixed selection after ripening, gradually improving the oil content of the ears along with the increase of the number of rounds, gradually selecting the ears with the oil content of more than 20 percent and the weight of heavy grains, carrying out 4-6 rounds of mixed selection planting, the average oil content of more clusters in the obtained population is more than 26 percent;

s3: separation of an inbred line: and selecting a single plant with excellent agronomic characters from the micro-endosperm maize population obtained after 4-6 rounds of mixed selection, selfing, bagging and selfing when the plant grows to a powder scattering and silk laying period, carrying out intercrossing once every 2-3 continuous selfing generations, selecting seeds of clusters with oil content not less than 26% and excellent agronomic characters from each generation as parent plants for next generation, and preserving the seeds until the main characters of all the clusters obtained by planting are basically consistent, thereby obtaining the micro-endosperm ultrahigh oil waxy maize inbred line with oil content stably greater than 26%.

The source of the high-oil waxy corn is compounded by a grain crop research institute of agricultural academy of sciences in Yunnan province and a Yunnan Zhenghe Fengchong Co Ltd in 2017 by using a ZOL24 female parent and a ZOL82 male parent, the female parent 'ZOL 24' is formed by hybridizing a 'Zhengyou Yu No. 3' female parent and a self-bred waxy corn germplasm resource 'ZHN 17' for 7 generations through selfing in 2008 in winter, and the male parent 'ZOL 28' is formed by hybridizing a 'Zhengyou Yu No. 9' male parent and a self-bred waxy corn germplasm resource 'ZHN 23' in 2012 positive season, selfing through 1-band mixed powder for 6 generations in 2015 in winter and breeding;

when planting the micro-endosperm corns in the step S2, controlling the row ratio of the parents to be between 1: 3 and 4, the seeding density of the female parent to be 2000-;

the male parent and the female parent need to be sown at the same time, the female parent is sown firstly, the 1/2 male parent is sown after 5 days, the other 1/2 male parent is sown after 8 days, and in addition, the male parent needs to be prevented from high temperature during sowing so as to prevent the male ear from degeneration;

in the step S3, when selecting excellent single plants, all the mixed plants and abnormal plants in the parent and the mother lines need to be removed before the male parent and the female parent spin;

s1 applying 2000 times of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 150 ml/mu in seedling stage, applying biopesticide such as BT emulsion or 5% fipronil as chemical agent in middle and later stage, and preventing corn borer and aphid while ensuring no corn around planting area.

The oil content of the bred micro-endosperm maize inbred line is more than 18 percent, the oil content of the inbred line with excellent agronomic character performance reaches 26 percent, so the method of the invention uses the inbred lines as parents for matching to breed the micro-endosperm maize hybrid with higher oil content, can further improve the oil yield of the micro-endosperm maize as an oil crop, improves the economic benefit, has good commodity performance and oil content reaching 26 percent, better integrates the characteristics of waxy maize and high-oil waxy maize, tastes soft and waxy when eaten fresh, solves the problem that unsaturated fatty acid in maize oil is difficult to preserve, selects the maize material with micro-endosperm type from the selected male parent and the female parent, selects the ear of the plant with better agronomic character from the micro-endosperm maize material, and then uses the high-oil maize hybrid line and the maize inbred line for breeding, overcomes the defects of narrow genetic basis of breeding high-oil waxy corn species, poor general disease resistance of the bred high-oil waxy corn species, low yield and difficult suitability for popularization and application in general areas in the prior art, and integrates high oil content, excellent expressive quality, good resistance and high yield.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.