Commercial car urea solution unfreezes and heat preservation device based on tail gas heating
阅读说明：本技术 一种基于尾气加热的商用车尿素溶液解冻及保温装置 (Commercial car urea solution unfreezes and heat preservation device based on tail gas heating ) 是由 赵伟强 孙铭 宗长富 宋广昊 于 2020-07-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种基于尾气加热的商用车尿素溶液解冻及保温装置,包括：动力加热端；以及连接台,其固定在动力加热端外侧,连接台与动力加热端相连接；涡轮传动轴,其包括依次同轴设置的第一部分、第二部分、第三部分和第四部分；所述第四部分穿过所述连接台与动力加热端相连接；涡轮,其固定在所述第二部分上；涡轮壳体,其为两端开口的容纳腔结构,所述涡轮壳体的一端与所述连接台相连接；其中,所述涡轮可转动的设置在所述容纳腔中,所述容纳腔与汽车发动机的排气总管相连接；尾气传热管路,其一端与所述涡轮壳体的另一端相连接,另一侧流经汽车的尿素罐外壁与尾气排放管相连。本发明具有节约能源,提高行车效率的特点。(The invention discloses a commercial vehicle urea solution unfreezing and heat-insulating device based on tail gas heating, which comprises: a power heating end; the connecting table is fixed on the outer side of the power heating end and is connected with the power heating end; the turbine transmission shaft comprises a first part, a second part, a third part and a fourth part which are coaxially arranged in sequence; the fourth part penetrates through the connecting table to be connected with the power heating end; a turbine secured to the second portion; the turbine shell is of an accommodating cavity structure with two open ends, and one end of the turbine shell is connected with the connecting platform; the turbine is rotatably arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the accommodating cavity is connected with an exhaust manifold of an automobile engine; and one end of the tail gas heat transfer pipeline is connected with the other end of the turbine shell, and the other end of the tail gas heat transfer pipeline flows through the outer wall of a urea tank of the automobile and is connected with a tail gas discharge pipe. The invention has the characteristics of saving energy and improving the driving efficiency.)
1. The utility model provides a commercial car urea solution unfreezes and heat preservation device based on tail gas heating which characterized in that includes:
a power heating end; and
the connecting table is fixed on the outer side of the power heating end and is connected with the power heating end;
the turbine transmission shaft comprises a first part, a second part, a third part and a fourth part which are coaxially arranged in sequence;
the diameters of the first part, the second part and the fourth part are sequentially increased, the diameter of the third part is larger than that of the fourth part, the third part is used for isolating the second part from the fourth part, and the fourth part penetrates through the connecting table to be connected with the power heating end;
a turbine secured to the second portion;
the turbine shell is of an accommodating cavity structure with two open ends, and one end of the turbine shell is connected with the connecting platform;
the turbine is rotatably arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the accommodating cavity is connected with an exhaust manifold of an automobile engine;
and one end of the tail gas heat transfer pipeline is connected with the other end of the turbine shell, and the other end of the tail gas heat transfer pipeline flows through the outer wall of a urea tank of the automobile and is connected with a tail gas discharge pipe.
2. The exhaust gas heating-based commercial vehicle urea solution defrosting and heat preservation device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first scroll cover rotatably disposed on the fourth portion, the first scroll cover disposed between the connection table and a turbine housing.
3. The exhaust gas heating-based commercial vehicle urea solution defrosting and heat preservation device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a second scroll cover of a duct-type construction, and disposed between the turbine housing and an exhaust manifold of an automotive engine.
4. The exhaust gas heating-based commercial vehicle urea solution defrosting and heat preservation device according to claim 3, wherein the power heating end comprises:
the input end of the generator is connected with the fourth part;
a rectifier connected to an output of the generator;
and the input end of the storage battery is connected with the rectifier.
5. The exhaust gas heating-based commercial vehicle urea solution defrosting and heat preservation device according to claim 4, further comprising:
the temperature sensor is arranged in the automobile urea tank;
the engine state sensor is connected with an automobile engine;
and the tail gas heating controller is connected with the temperature sensor, the engine state sensor and the output end of the storage battery and is used for controlling the output power of the storage battery.
6. The exhaust gas heating-based commercial vehicle urea solution defrosting and heat preservation device according to claim 5, further comprising:
the heat conducting fins are of annular structures, are arranged on the connecting platform and are connected with the tail gas heating controller.
7. The exhaust gas heating-based commercial vehicle urea solution defrosting and heat preservation device according to claim 6, further comprising:
and the locking device is arranged on the first part and used for fixing the turbine.
8. The exhaust gas heating-based commercial vehicle urea solution unfreezing and heat preserving device is characterized in that the output power of the storage battery meets the following requirements:
if the temperature of the urea solution is lower than-15 ℃ and the engine is in a working state at the moment, the tail gas heating controller sends an instruction to the storage battery, the output power of the storage battery is 900W, and the heating process is stopped when the temperature of the urea solution is higher than 5 ℃;
if the temperature of the urea solution is lower than-5 ℃ and the engine is in a working state at the moment, the tail gas heating controller sends an instruction to the storage battery, the output power of the storage battery is 500W, and the heating process is stopped when the temperature of the urea solution is higher than 5 ℃.
9. The exhaust gas heating-based commercial vehicle urea solution thawing and warming device according to claim 8, wherein the turbine is made of a low segregation nickel-based alloy M38G.
10. The exhaust gas heating-based commercial vehicle urea solution defrosting and attemperating device of claim 9, wherein the generator is a synchronous alternator.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tail gas utilization and winter urea thawing for commercial vehicles, in particular to a tail gas heating-based urea solution thawing and heat preservation device for a commercial vehicle.
Background
The rapid development of economy and the increasing convenience of road transportation greatly increase the demand of people on road transportation, and commercial automobiles serving as main energy consumers and pollution dischargers in road transportation have many places needing improvement in the aspects of energy conservation and emission reduction.
With the implementation of the pollutant emission standard of motor vehicles in the fifth stage of China, the pollution of a single vehicle is reduced by 30 to 50 percent. In order to achieve the above-mentioned goals of energy conservation and emission reduction, a gasoline engine generally uses a three-way catalyst to convert the discharged exhaust gas into nitrogen, and the three-way catalyst cannot catalyze NO generated by a diesel engine in a large amountXAnd PM, and the exhaust pressure in the cylinder of the diesel engine is much higher than that of an automobile engine in calorific value, and the three-way catalyst cannot bear the high temperature and high pressure of the diesel engine.
Therefore, aiming at the fact that the automobile urea solution for reducing emission of commercial vehicles becomes a necessary product for enabling the trucks and passenger cars to meet the emission standards of more than five countries, the automobile urea solution of the emission standards of five countries regulated by the countries begins to freeze when the normal temperature is lower than-11 ℃. Individual manufacturers reduce the freezing point of the vehicle urea through an additive (ethanol or ethylene glycol) so as to achieve the aim of preventing freezing, but the ethanol in the additive belongs to flammable and explosive substances, and the high-concentration ethanol is very easy to damage and corrode an exhaust pipe in a high-temperature environment; and the vehicle urea solution with the temperature of-35 ℃ is about 40% higher than the common urea solution in market price, thereby greatly increasing the transportation cost of the commercial vehicle. Although commercial vehicles sold on the market at present usually have a function of unfreezing and heating the urea tank, and unfreeze the urea liquid crystallized in the urea tank through circulation of engine cooling liquid, the whole unfreezing process is slow due to the adoption of a single way of heating up the cooling liquid, and the heat preservation effect on the urea solution is poor when idling and parking.
Moreover, the power output of the commercial vehicle engine accounts for 35% -45% of the total energy of fuel combustion, and most of the energy is discharged in the forms of waste gas, cooling water and the like. The waste heat of the engine tail gas has the characteristics of high temperature, strong pressure and high flow speed, and the contained energy accounts for the main part of the waste heat, so that the tail gas resource is fully utilized, the waste is changed into valuable, and the method has important research significance and application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design and develop a tail gas heating-based commercial vehicle urea solution unfreezing and heat-insulating device, wherein tail gas is converted into mechanical energy through the matching of a turbine and a turbine transmission shaft, the mechanical energy is converted into electric energy through the matching of the turbine transmission shaft and a generator, the electric energy is converted into heat energy through the matching of a storage battery and a heat conducting fin, so that a urea tank is heated and insulated through the tail gas after secondary heating, and the driving efficiency is greatly improved.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a commercial vehicle urea solution unfreezing and heat-insulating device based on tail gas heating comprises the following steps:
a power heating end; and
the connecting table is fixed on the outer side of the power heating end and is connected with the power heating end;
the turbine transmission shaft comprises a first part, a second part, a third part and a fourth part which are coaxially arranged in sequence;
the diameters of the first part, the second part and the fourth part are sequentially increased, the diameter of the third part is larger than that of the fourth part, the third part is used for isolating the second part from the fourth part, and the fourth part penetrates through the connecting table to be connected with the power heating end;
a turbine secured to the second portion;
the turbine shell is of an accommodating cavity structure with two open ends, and one end of the turbine shell is connected with the connecting platform;
the turbine is rotatably arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the accommodating cavity is connected with an exhaust manifold of an automobile engine;
and one end of the tail gas heat transfer pipeline is connected with the other end of the turbine shell, and the other end of the tail gas heat transfer pipeline flows through the outer wall of a urea tank of the automobile and is connected with a tail gas discharge pipe.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
a first scroll cover rotatably disposed on the fourth portion, the first scroll cover disposed between the connection table and a turbine housing.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
a second scroll cover of a duct-type construction, and disposed between the turbine housing and an exhaust manifold of an automotive engine.
Preferably, the power heating tip comprises:
the input end of the generator is connected with the fourth part;
a rectifier connected to an output of the generator;
and the input end of the storage battery is connected with the rectifier.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
the temperature sensor is arranged in the automobile urea tank;
the engine state sensor is connected with an automobile engine;
and the tail gas heating controller is connected with the temperature sensor, the engine state sensor and the output end of the storage battery and is used for controlling the output power of the storage battery.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
the heat conducting fins are of annular structures, are arranged on the connecting platform and are connected with the tail gas heating controller.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
and the locking device is arranged on the first part and used for fixing the turbine.
Preferably, the battery output power satisfies:
if the temperature of the urea solution is lower than-15 ℃ and the engine is in a working state at the moment, the tail gas heating controller sends an instruction to the storage battery, the output power of the storage battery is 900W, and the heating process is stopped when the temperature of the urea solution is higher than 5 ℃;
if the temperature of the urea solution is lower than-5 ℃ and the engine is in a working state at the moment, the tail gas heating controller sends an instruction to the storage battery, the output power of the storage battery is 500W, and the heating process is stopped when the temperature of the urea solution is higher than 5 ℃.
Preferably, the material of the turbine is low segregation nickel-based alloy M38G.
Preferably, the generator is a synchronous alternator.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the tail gas heating-based commercial vehicle urea solution unfreezing and heat-insulating device designed and developed by the invention adjusts the temperature of the tail gas in real time according to the state of the urea solution in the commercial vehicle, realizes waste utilization, and solves the problems that the urea of the commercial vehicle is unfrozen slowly and the transportation efficiency is influenced in winter in northern China; all energy supplies of the device are from exhaust emission, extra vehicle energy is not required to be consumed, and energy is saved. And the main body part of the device is simple and convenient to install, low in cost, high in working reliability, free of any manual operation of a driver and extremely convenient to use.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall assembly structure of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the power heating end according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the first scroll cover according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a turbine drive shaft according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the assembly structure of the turbine and the rotating part of the positioning center of the turbine drive shaft component according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a turbine housing according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the second scroll cover according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a flow chart of the operation of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the exhaust gas heat transfer circuit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below in order to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
The invention provides a tail gas heating-based commercial vehicle urea solution unfreezing and heat-preserving device, which achieves heating and heat preservation of a urea tank through secondary heating of tail gas, and therefore driving efficiency is improved.
This patent's commercial car urea solution based on tail gas heating unfreezes and heat preservation device 100 mainly divide into two subsystems, electric power energy storage subsystem and thermal control subsystem, and the initial part of this whole device is electric power energy storage subsystem, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, electric power energy storage subsystem design mainly includes: the power heating end 110, the connecting table 120, the first scroll cover 140, the bearing 150, the turbine drive shaft 160, the turbine housing 170, the turbine 180, the gasket 181, the nut 182, and the second scroll cover 190.
As shown in fig. 3, the power heating end 110 includes a
As shown in fig. 4, the first scroll cover 140 includes a first connection end 141 and a second connection end 142 coaxially disposed, the first connection end 141 has a plurality of threaded holes thereon and can be fixed with the threaded holes on the connection table 120 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the first connection end 141 has a second central through hole disposed corresponding to the first central through hole, the second connection end 142 forms a first accommodation chamber with the first connection end 141, and the second connection end 142 has a plurality of threaded holes thereon.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the turbine drive shaft 160 includes a first portion 161, a second portion 162, a third portion 163, and a fourth portion 164, which are coaxially arranged in this order; the diameters of the first portion 161, the second portion 162 and the fourth portion 164 are sequentially reduced, the fourth portion 164 rotatably passes through the first central through hole and the second central through hole by the bearing 150 arranged in the first accommodating chamber, and then the fourth portion 164 is connected with the input end of the generator; the third portion 163 has a larger diameter than the fourth portion 164 for separating the second portion 162 from the third portion 163, in this embodiment the third portion 163 is a shoulder for cooperating with the worm gear 180, and the worm gear 180 is fixed to the second portion 162 by a flat key; the first portion 161 is provided with a screw thread which fixes the turbine 180 together with the washer 181 and the nut 182, and as mentioned above, the specific location of the turbine 180 is composed of three portions, a shoulder arranged on one side of the turbine 180, a flat key arranged on the turbine transmission shaft 160, the washer 181 arranged on one side of the turbine 180 and the nut 182, in this embodiment, the flat key is a round bottom type, and the location of the turbine transmission shaft 160 is fixed together with the third portion 163 and the first scroll cover 140.
As shown in fig. 7, the turbine housing 170 is a pipe-type structure having a second receiving cavity 173 therein, and the turbine housing 170 includes a third connecting end 171, a fourth connecting end 172 and a circumscribed pipe 174, the turbine 180 is rotatably disposed in the second receiving cavity 173, and a portion between the third connecting end 171 and the fourth connecting end 172 of the turbine housing 170 is a circular arc-shaped structure, that is, an outer side of the second receiving cavity 173 is a circular arc-shaped structure, and the size of the circular arc-shaped structure is designed mainly considering parameters such as the width and the diameter of the turbine 180 to be matched with the turbine housing 170. The upper portion of the third connecting end 171 is provided with a plurality of threaded holes, the threaded holes are connected with the threaded holes on the second connecting end 142 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the fourth connecting end 172 is provided with a plurality of threaded holes, the diameter of the end face opening of the third connecting end 171 is larger than that of the end face opening of the fourth connecting end 172, one end of the external connecting pipeline 174 is connected with the second accommodating cavity 173, and the other end of the external connecting pipeline is connected with an exhaust manifold of an automobile engine and used for enabling tail gas to enter the device.
As shown in fig. 8 and 10, the second scroll cover 190 includes a fifth connection end 191 and a sixth connection end 193, the fifth connection end 191 is provided with a plurality of threaded holes for connecting the exhaust gas heat transfer pipeline 220, the sixth connection end 193 is provided with a plurality of threaded holes for connecting with the plurality of threaded holes of the fourth connection end 172 in a one-to-one correspondence, and a duct-shaped passage 192 is formed between the fifth connection end 191 and the sixth connection end 193; and an exhaust gas heat transfer pipeline 220 having one end connected to the fifth connection end 191 and the other end connected to an exhaust gas discharge pipe 230 through the outer walls 210a and 210b of the urea tank of the automobile.
The thermal control subsystem design mainly includes: a temperature sensor, an engine state sensor (not shown in the figure) and an
Because the device is an external device arranged on an exhaust system, certain influence is necessarily generated on exhaust back pressure, and the performance of an engine is directly reduced because the air suction and exhaust amount of an air cylinder is too small or too much. Therefore, the mode of removing the original exhaust silencer is adopted to ensure lower back pressure and further ensure the performance of the engine.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the specific working process of the device for thawing and insulating the urea solution of the commercial vehicle based on exhaust heating of the present invention is as follows:
(1) after flowing through an exhaust manifold 240 of an automobile engine, high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the engine enters an external pipeline 174 directly connected with an exhaust system and enters the initial stage of work;
(2) after the tail gas flows into the turbine housing 170, the pressure of the tail gas is reduced, and the influence of the shape of the turbine housing 170 and the reduction of the pipeline space causes the flow velocity to be rapidly increased, the high-flow-velocity exhaust gas impacts blades of the turbine 180 in the turbine housing 170, the blades rapidly rotate under the action of the exhaust gas, and the turbine transmission shaft 160 simultaneously rotates along with the turbine 180, so that the transmission of mechanical energy between the gas and the transmission shaft is completed;
(3) the
(4) because the electric energy generated by the
(5) the temperature sensor and the engine state sensor transmit information to the
the specific judgment logic is as follows:
if the temperature of the urea solution is lower than-15 ℃ and the engine is in a working state at the moment, the tail
if the temperature of the urea solution is lower than-5 ℃ and the engine is in a working state at the moment, the tail
(6) The exhaust gas heated in the turbine housing 170 is discharged through the pipe-shaped passage 192 of the second scroll cover 190, and finally enters the exhaust gas heat transfer pipe 220, which flows through the outer wall of the urea solution tank to be connected with the exhaust gas discharge pipe 230, so as to satisfy the heat exchange condition, and the high-temperature exhaust gas transfers heat energy to the urea solution to complete the thawing or heat preservation process.
In another embodiment, the turbine 180 is a radial turbine, and the nickel-based alloy has the characteristics of high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, and the mechanical properties of the nickel-based alloy do not change greatly at a certain temperature, so that the low segregation nickel-based alloy M38G is selected as the design material of the turbine; the generator is a synchronous alternating current generator, the model of the generator is a high-speed permanent magnet generator ZYKWS-12, and current generated by the generator is collected by a storage battery after being rectified in a bridge mode.
The tail gas heating-based commercial vehicle urea solution unfreezing and heat-insulating device designed and developed by the invention can be used for adjusting the temperature of the tail gas in real time according to the state of the urea solution in the commercial vehicle, so that the problem that the urea of the commercial vehicle is unfrozen slowly and the transportation efficiency is influenced in winter in northern China is solved while waste utilization is realized, and the heat-insulating function provided by the device enables a commercial vehicle driver to be in a poor state that the urea solution is close to low temperature under a certain parking condition, so that the actual economic value can be generated in the field of highway transportation of the commercial vehicle, and the device has important application significance.
The device provided by the invention does not need too many sensors, so that the structural complexity of the urea solution thawing and heat-insulating device for the commercial vehicle can be reduced, and the product cost can be reduced; the main body part of the device provided by the invention is simple and convenient to mount, high in working reliability, free of any manual operation of a driver and extremely convenient to use; all energy supplies of the device are from exhaust emission, extra vehicle energy is not required to be consumed, and energy is saved.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
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