阅读说明：本技术 一种基于倾斜摄影实现村落历史建筑保护范围检测的方法 (Method for realizing village historical building protection range detection based on oblique photography ) 是由 王量量 黄文灿 韩洁 于 2020-07-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种基于倾斜摄影实现村落历史建筑保护范围检测的方法,通过倾斜摄影技术实现传统村落历史建筑的智能识别,并通过综合分析多维数据辅助风貌控制,从而克服传统保护规划中保护范围界定不精准,以及保护范围内风貌控制准则多基于经验缺少分析技术等问题。借助倾斜摄影技术,对传统村落物质空间进行实景建模,提取点云模型并分析建筑要素,统计和分析多维度数据,从而有效地确定历史建筑的合理保护范围,并快速筛查风貌不协调建筑、辅助制定建筑风貌控制准则。相对于传统保护规划方法,本发明具有高效率、高精准度、数据融合等优点,可实现科学地划定传统村落历史建筑保护范围,并综合辅助风貌控制准则的制定工作。(The invention provides a method for realizing village historical building protection range detection based on oblique photography, which realizes intelligent identification of traditional village historical buildings through oblique photography technology and assists in feature control through comprehensive analysis of multidimensional data, thereby overcoming the problems that the definition of a protection range in traditional protection planning is not accurate, and the feature control criteria in the protection range are based on experience and lack of analysis technology. By means of oblique photography technology, real-scene modeling is conducted on a traditional village material space, a point cloud model is extracted, building elements are analyzed, and multi-dimensional data are counted and analyzed, so that a reasonable protection range of a historical building is effectively determined, a building with uncoordinated geomorphology is rapidly screened, and building geomorphology control criteria are formulated in an auxiliary mode. Compared with the traditional protection planning method, the method has the advantages of high efficiency, high precision, data fusion and the like, can scientifically define the traditional village historical building protection range, and comprehensively assists the formulation work of the geomorphology control criterion.)

1. A method for realizing village historical building protection range detection based on oblique photography is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps:

s1: surveying the whole situation of a target village on site, planning a flight path and flight parameters of an unmanned aerial vehicle to automatically shoot according to the range of planning requirements of the village, and setting a ground RTK calibration point and a check point;

s2: carrying out three-dimensional live-action modeling processing on unmanned aerial vehicle shooting data and RTK data to obtain a live-action model of the target village;

s3: performing element identification and separation on the live-action model in point cloud processing software to obtain a ground and non-ground element point cloud model, wherein the non-ground element comprises two parts of a building and a plant, and the non-ground element is further distinguished and separated through adjustment of a color threshold value;

s4: calculating the gradient and the height of the separated building element model in point cloud processing software to obtain the roof gradient and the building height of the building, wherein the historical building is generally low in layer number and is a sloping roof, so that the historical building and the modern building are primarily separated through the building height and the roof gradient of the building;

s5: performing distance calculation on the historical building and the modern building by using point cloud analysis to obtain a distance thermodynamic diagram of the historical building on the modern building;

s6: adjusting a threshold value range by using a color threshold value of a distance thermodynamic diagram to obtain a historical building influence range and a boundary line, and assisting a design planner in defining a historical building protection range;

s7: and respectively carrying out multi-dimensional data statistics on the height, material color and plane form of the defined building point cloud of the protection subarea, screening and judging buildings with inconsistent features, and assisting in formulating feature control parameters.

2. The oblique photography based method for detecting the protection range of the historical buildings in the traditional village is characterized in that the historical building and the modern building model obtained through the preliminary separation in the step S4 are further optimized, and specifically the method comprises the following steps:

s41: by mapping and giving the models, the classification of the two types of building models which are initially separated is further verified, and the classification of special buildings with wrong classification or other conditions is corrected, so that the accurate classification of historical buildings and modern buildings is ensured.

S42: processing the abnormal part in the model obtained by classification, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: and (4) keeping correct wall and roof information, referring to the peripheral wall or roof space information of the abnormal part, and calculating and correcting the abnormal part of the model by adopting an interpolation method.

3. The method for realizing detection of the protection range of the historical buildings in the traditional villages based on oblique photography according to claim 1, wherein in the step S7, the method for screening and judging the buildings with inconsistent features is as follows: and comprehensively analyzing the building height average value, the material color value range and the plane shape value of the historical buildings in the protection range and the threshold value of the modern buildings in the protection range by using the analysis, and screening the modern buildings with inconsistent appearances.

4. The method for realizing detection of the protection range of the historical village buildings based on oblique photography according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the method for formulating the profile control parameters comprises: and (3) referring to the building height average value, the material color value range and the plane form value of the historical building in the protection range, which are obtained by analysis, to assist in proposing the rectification and modification opinions of the buildings with inconsistent features, and carrying out height, material and plane form feature control parameters on the buildings in the protection area, so as to standardize the feature coordination of newly built buildings or modified buildings.

5. The oblique photography-based traditional village historical building protection range detection method is characterized in that village specific conditions and design planning factors are added to enter boundary line division of a protection range, and a final protection range detection result is obtained.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of rural planning and design, in particular to a method for realizing village historical building protection range detection based on oblique photography.

Background

The traditional village bears excellent culture and agricultural civilization of Chinese nationality, and after urban expansion and urban and rural unbalanced development are carried out in the last two decades, a large number of traditional villages are endangered to decline and collapse, so that protection and development are urgently needed, and the protection and development work of the traditional village becomes more important. Moreover, due to the change of modern life style, part of historical buildings are dismantled and updated to be modern buildings, so that the historical buildings and the modern buildings in the traditional villages are mixed, the investigation and the design of protection regions of the historical buildings are difficult in rural protection planning, and an information model for rapidly and accurately identifying the current situation of the buildings is required to be used as an assistant, so that the protection range of the historical buildings is reasonably defined.

At present, most of the conventional methods for detecting the historic village building protection range are based on the conventional field investigation and the village two-dimensional topographic map, and design and plan are subjectively carried out according to the experience of a planning designer. However, the traditional protection planning method has two problems that firstly, the work load of judging and positioning historical buildings is large through field investigation and two-dimensional topographic maps, larger errors and uncertainty exist, the requirement of precise planning design cannot be met, secondly, the planning of a protection area and the establishment of building geomorphology control standards in the protection area are subjectively carried out through experience, comprehensive analysis is lacked, and the scientificity is not provided.

Meanwhile, with the rapid development of information technology, oblique photography technology is gradually and widely applied to the surveying and mapping field, and a three-dimensional real-scene model produced by the oblique photography technology contains multi-dimensional information of buildings, so that the possibility of supplementing advantages for the technical problem of historical building protection range detection in the traditional village protection planning exists, and therefore, the technology for improving the traditional village historical building protection planning high efficiency, high accuracy and data fusion based on oblique photography is necessary to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects that the traditional village protection planning has large workload for distinguishing and positioning the traditional village historical buildings, the definition precision of a protection range is low, and the establishment of building feature control standards in the protection range is lack of scientific analysis, the invention provides a method for realizing the detection of the protection range of the traditional village historical buildings based on oblique photography.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for realizing village historical building protection range detection based on oblique photography specifically comprises the following steps:

s1: surveying the whole situation of a target village on site, planning a flight path and flight parameters of an unmanned aerial vehicle to automatically shoot according to the range of planning requirements of the village, and setting a ground RTK calibration point and a check point;

s2: carrying out three-dimensional live-action modeling processing on unmanned aerial vehicle shooting data and RTK data to obtain a live-action model of the target village;

s3: performing element identification and separation on the live-action model in point cloud processing software to obtain a ground and non-ground element point cloud model, wherein the non-ground element comprises two parts of a building and a plant, and the non-ground element is further distinguished and separated through adjustment of a color threshold value;

s4: calculating the gradient and the height of the separated building element model in point cloud processing software to obtain the roof gradient and the building height of the building, wherein the historical building is generally low in layer number and is a sloping roof, so that the historical building and the modern building are primarily separated through the building height and the roof gradient of the building;

s5: performing distance calculation on the historical building and the modern building by using point cloud analysis to obtain a distance thermodynamic diagram of the historical building on the modern building;

s6: adjusting a threshold value range by using a color threshold value of a distance thermodynamic diagram to obtain a historical building influence range and a boundary line, and assisting a planner in defining a historical building protection range;

s7: and respectively carrying out multi-dimensional data statistics on the height, material color and plane form of the defined building point cloud of the protection subarea, screening and judging buildings with inconsistent features, and assisting in formulating feature control parameters.

Further, the historical building and the modern building model obtained through the preliminary separation in step S4 are further optimized, specifically:

s41: by mapping and giving the models, the classification of the two types of building models which are initially separated is further verified, and the classification of special buildings with wrong classification or other conditions is corrected, so that the accurate classification of historical buildings and modern buildings is ensured.

S42: processing the abnormal part of the model obtained by classification, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: and (4) keeping correct wall and roof information, referring to the peripheral wall or roof space information of the abnormal part, and calculating and correcting the abnormal part of the model by adopting an interpolation method.

Further, in the step S7, the method for screening and determining buildings with inconsistent features is as follows: and comprehensively analyzing the building height average value, the material color value range and the plane shape value of the historical buildings in the protection range and the threshold value of the modern buildings in the protection range by using the analysis, and screening the modern buildings with inconsistent appearances.

Further, in step S7, the method for formulating the feature control parameter includes: and (3) referring to the building height average value, the material color value range and the plane form value of the historical building in the protection range, which are obtained by analysis, to assist in proposing the rectification and modification opinions of the buildings with inconsistent features, and carrying out height, material and plane form feature control parameters on the buildings in the protection area, so as to standardize the feature coordination of newly built buildings or modified buildings.

Furthermore, the specific conditions of the villages and the design planning factors are increased to enter the boundary line division of the protection range, and the final protection range detection result is obtained.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:

the method has the advantages of high efficiency, high precision, data fusion and the like by introducing the oblique photography technology into the rural protection planning method, can quickly identify the historical buildings in the traditional villages, obtains multidimensional building information, integrates multiple items of analysis data, and accurately and scientifically makes the building feature control parameters in the protection range and range of the historical buildings.

Drawings

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting a protection range of a historic village building based on oblique photography according to the present invention;

FIG. 2(a) building model point cloud slope calculation;

FIG. 2(b) building model point cloud height calculation;

FIG. 3 shows a separated historic building and modern building (historic building in black);

FIG. 4 distance thermodynamic diagrams of historic versus modern buildings;

FIG. 5 illustrates adjusting the range gamut to assist in defining the protection range;

FIG. 6(a) historical building pictures;

FIG. 6(b) the property table of the historic building;

FIG. 7 is a modern building geomorphology assessment chart with location identification;

FIG. 8 screens out uncoordinated buildings.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a method for realizing village historical building protection range detection based on oblique photography. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and implementation effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

As shown in fig. 1, a method for detecting a protection range of a historic village building based on oblique photography is specifically implemented according to the following steps:

s1: surveying the overall situation of a target village on site, drawing an aerial photographing range in a KML format on a satellite map according to the main range of village planning requirements, planning an aerial photographing line, importing an unmanned aerial vehicle for automatic aerial photographing, setting flight parameters for automatic photographing, and setting a ground RTK calibration point and a check point; the satellite map can be a Google map or other maps, and the map can clearly see buildings on the ground or the topographic and geomorphic environments of villages;

s2: importing unmanned aerial vehicle shooting data and RTK data into three-dimensional live-action modeling software, and obtaining a three-dimensional live-action model of a target village through space-three calculation, three-dimensional modeling and chartlet endowing;

s3: importing the real scene model into point cloud processing software, carrying out point cloud ground filtering processing on the real scene model, distinguishing and identifying ground and ground element points through CSF (csf) processing to obtain a ground and non-ground element point cloud model, wherein the color threshold value of the ground element model is adjusted according to the difference of the real scene mapping colors of the ground model, and the building model and the plant model are further separated;

s4: point cloud gradient analysis and calculation are carried out on a building model by point cloud processing software, for example, a certain village in the south east coast, such as a graph 2(a) and a graph 2(b), gradients of three types of 0-15 degrees (flat roof), 60-90 degrees (wall surface) and 15-60 degrees (sloping roof surface) are obtained, in addition, vertical distance calculation is carried out on the ground model and the ground point cloud to obtain a ground point cloud height value, the height of a historical building is below 8 meters, most of modern buildings are above 8 meters, and as the historical building is generally provided with a sloping roof surface, the height point cloud below 8 meters and the gradient value of the 15-60 degree point cloud are integrated, and the historical building and the modern building can be separated preliminarily, such as a graph 3;

wherein, further optimization processing needs to be carried out on the historical building and the modern building model obtained by preliminary separation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

s41: the building models are endowed with material chartlets, the two types of initially separated building models are further verified in category, and based on the two types of building models with chartlet information, special buildings with classification errors or other conditions are classified, checked and corrected, so that the accurate classification of historical buildings and modern buildings is ensured;

s42: processing the abnormal part of the model obtained by classification, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: the information of the correct wall and the roof is reserved, the information of the peripheral wall or the roof space of the abnormal part is referred, and the abnormal part of the model is calculated and corrected by adopting an interpolation method;

s5: distance calculation is carried out on the historical buildings and the modern buildings in point cloud analysis software to obtain a distance thermodynamic diagram of the historical buildings to the modern buildings, for example, a certain village in the south east coast is shown in fig. 4, the distance calculation is carried out on the historical buildings and the modern buildings of the village, areas with small gray values (darker gray values) are the historical buildings, areas with medium gray values are radiation influence ranges, and areas with high gray values (whiter gray values) are areas with small influence.

S6: adjusting the value range of the color threshold by using the color threshold of the distance thermodynamic diagram to obtain the influence range and the boundary line of the historical building, and assisting a planner in defining the protection range of the historical building; taking a certain village in the south-east coast as an example, as shown in fig. 5, the boundary range of the color gradation threshold is adjusted according to the actual situation and the protection difficulty of the village, so as to obtain a historical building protection range suitable for implementation, and further discussing and defining the boundary details according to the actual situation.

S7: and respectively carrying out multi-dimensional data statistics on the height, material color and plane form of the historical building and the modern building point cloud in the defined protection partition, screening and judging buildings with inconsistent features, and formulating related feature control parameters.

S71: and comparing the building height value, the plane form value and the material color of the historical building in the protection range with the attribute value of the modern building in the protection range, and referring to the value range of the historical building to quickly screen the modern building with larger attribute value deviation, namely the building with inconsistent style. Taking a certain country in the southeast coast as an example, as shown in fig. 6(a) and (b) as part of historical buildings and attribute value tables thereof in a protection area range, the height range of the historical buildings is 5-8 meters, the length-width ratio range is 1-1.5, the occupied area range of the buildings is 160-180 square meters, and the materials are warm tone 2000K color temperature.

Further, modern buildings in the protected area are evaluated, as shown in fig. 7, by using attribute values such as height Hx, form Dx, floor area Sx, building material color temperature Cx and the like, a modern building appearance evaluation value Yx is obtained by calculation according to formula 1, and is mapped as a color threshold value according to the value size and presented in a village area range diagram, and uncoordinated buildings are screened out, as shown in fig. 8.

Wherein:

is the average value of the height of the historical building,is the average of the aspect ratios of the historical buildings,

the average of the occupied area of the historical buildings,

the average value of the color temperature of the building material is obtained;

s72: and (3) referring to the building attribute value of the historical building in the protection range obtained by analysis, providing an improvement suggestion of the building with inconsistent appearance in an auxiliary way, making appearance control parameters for the building according to the height, material and plane form, and standardizing the appearance coordination of the newly-built building or the improved building. Taking a certain rural area in the southeast coast as an example, referring to the building attributes of historical buildings, proposing a rectification suggestion that the height of a building with inconsistent appearance in a core protection area is less than 8 meters, the elevation material is mainly warm tone as much as possible, and stipulating that the height of a newly built building or a reformed building is not more than 8 meters, the floor area of the building is less than 160 square meters, and the form proportion is in the range of 1-1.5 as much as possible.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.