阅读说明：本技术 一种用于可调距螺旋桨叶面加工的随动工装 (Follow-up tool for machining blade surfaces of controllable-pitch propeller ) 是由 刘志峰 曹子睿 赵永胜 赵鹏睿 苏李航 杨聪彬 于 2021-05-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于可调距螺旋桨叶面加工的随动工装,在该随动支撑工装工作过程中与龙门机床、可调距螺旋桨桨叶、桨叶固定工装共同组成随动支撑加工系统。数控系统同时控制龙门机床X1、Y1、Z1、B1、C1轴的运动与随动支撑工装中X2、Y2、Z2轴的运动,实现加工点位与支撑点位同步运动的效果。该工装可根据加工刀具位置进行随动支撑,提升被加工处表面的刚度,从而减小变形,抑制加工颤振,提升表面加工质量。随动工装的支撑范围可根据桨叶的大小进行调整,支撑点位可通过程序控制进行改变,不需人工提前布置支撑结构。该随动工装,整体自动化程度高,方便工艺人员操作,可较大程度的缩减可调距螺旋桨叶面的加工周期,提高表面质量,提升生产效率。(The invention discloses a follow-up tool for machining blade surfaces of a controllable-pitch propeller. The numerical control system simultaneously controls the movement of X1, Y1, Z1, B1 and C1 axes of the gantry machine tool and the movement of X2, Y2 and Z2 axes in the follow-up supporting tool, and the effect of synchronous movement of the machining point position and the supporting point position is achieved. The tool can carry out follow-up support according to the position of a machining tool, and the rigidity of the surface of the machined part is improved, so that the deformation is reduced, the machining vibration is inhibited, and the surface machining quality is improved. The supporting range of the follow-up tool can be adjusted according to the size of the paddle, and the supporting point position can be changed through program control without manually arranging a supporting structure in advance. This follow-up frock, whole degree of automation is high, makes things convenient for the craftsman to operate, and the processing cycle of adjustable pitch propeller blade surface can be the reduction of great degree improves surface quality, promotes production efficiency.)

1. The utility model provides a follow-up frock for adjustable pitch propeller blade surface processing which characterized in that: the servo tool comprises an X-direction driving guide rail, two X-direction auxiliary guide rails, a Y-direction driving guide rail, a Z-direction electric pushing cylinder, a driving motor, a tail end supporting head and a pressure sensor, wherein four fixed mounting plates are arranged below a servo tool, so that the tool and a workbench of a machine tool can be conveniently and fixedly mounted; the X-direction active guide rail and the two X-direction auxiliary guide rails are arranged on the four fixed mounting plates, the X-direction auxiliary guide rails can improve the stability of the tool during working, and the X-direction guide rails are connected with the fixed mounting plates through bolts; the Y-direction active guide rail crosses over the X-direction active guide rail and the two X-direction auxiliary guide rails, and the X, Y-direction guide rails are fixedly connected with each other in a bolting mode; the Z-direction electric pushing cylinder is connected with the Y-direction tool path through the spoke sensor, the spoke sensor is provided with a threaded hole, and the spoke sensor is convenient to fix with a measured object and simultaneously detects supporting force in the machining process.

2. The follow-up tool for machining the blade surface of the controllable-pitch propeller according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and the tail end supporting head is in threaded connection with the Z-direction electric pushing cylinder.

3. The follow-up tool for machining the blade surface of the controllable-pitch propeller according to claim 1, is characterized in that: protective plates are arranged on the X-direction active guide rail, the X-direction auxiliary guide rail and the Y-direction active guide rail; and a limit switch is arranged at the positive and negative direction limit position of the X, Y, Z shaft of the follow-up tool.

4. The follow-up tool for machining the blade surface of the controllable-pitch propeller according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the installation and debugging of the controllable pitch propeller during processing comprise five steps:

s1, mounting the follow-up tool on a machine tool workbench; the servo tool and a gantry machine tool, a controllable-pitch propeller blade and a blade fixing tool jointly form a servo support processing system in the working process;

s2, connecting an electrical system for controlling the movement of each shaft of the follow-up tool with an electrical system of the machine tool and checking the wiring correctness;

s3, debugging the motion stroke of each shaft of the follow-up tool and restoring to a zero position;

s4, mounting a support head and running a debugging program, and checking whether each element in the follow-up support processing system runs normally;

s5, if the follow-up support machining system does not normally operate, repeating the steps S1-S4 until the follow-up support machining system normally operates;

the step S1 specifically includes: adjusting the relative position of the follow-up support tool and the controllable pitch propeller, and after the adjustment is finished, fastening a bolt and a pressing plate on a machine tool workbench to fix the whole;

the step S2 specifically includes: connecting a communication line of a motion controller in the electrical system and a communication line of a PLC (programmable logic controller), completing the configuration topology of newly accessed hardware in the numerical control system, and distributing the numbers of corresponding motion axes;

the step S4 specifically includes: whether the pressure sensor can collect the stress condition of the supporting head in the supporting process in real time is checked; and (5) checking whether the motion function of each shaft is normal or not, and stopping immediately when the shaft moves to the extreme position.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a follow-up tool for machining blade surfaces of a controllable-pitch propeller, which belongs to the field of structural design and application of a propeller machining tool.

Background

The controllable pitch propeller is used as a main power output element of the full-rotation propeller, and the surface quality of the controllable pitch propeller has important influence on the aspects of service performance, service time and the like. The blade surface processing is mainly completed by a milling mode, and the surface quality is greatly influenced by indexes such as roughness and precision after milling.

In the existing machining process of the controllable-pitch propeller, a worker can arrange a small number of support structures at partial positions of the blades according to accumulated experience so as to reduce the problems of machining deformation, machining flutter and the like caused by milling force. However, when machining the area of the tip of the propeller blade, it is still difficult to avoid the above problem, which results in a reduction in the machining quality of the area and requires an additional manual process step for improvement.

The invention designs a follow-up tool for processing blade surfaces of a controllable-pitch propeller, which can carry out follow-up support according to the position of a processing cutter, and improves the rigidity of the surface of a processed part, thereby reducing deformation, inhibiting processing vibration and improving the surface processing quality. The supporting range of the follow-up tool can be adjusted according to the size of the paddle, and the supporting point position can be changed through program control without manually arranging a supporting structure in advance. This follow-up frock, whole degree of automation is high, makes things convenient for the craftsman to operate, and the processing cycle of adjustable pitch propeller blade surface can be the reduction of great degree improves surface quality, promotes production efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims at solving the problem that the existing controllable-pitch propeller is relatively fixed in supporting point position and cannot cover all areas with poor rigidity in the processing process. The invention discloses a follow-up supporting tool for machining blade surfaces of a controllable-pitch propeller. The servo support head has the freedom degrees in the XYZ directions, the support head is arranged on the electric push rod and can realize the motion in the Z direction, and the bottom of the push rod motor is provided with a force transducer for detecting the magnitude of the support force in real time; the push rod motors are arranged on two groups of orthogonal horizontal lead screw guide rails, so that the movement of the position in the XY plane is realized, and more complex curvilinear motion can be realized through interpolation, so that the purpose of supporting the free-form surface of the propeller is achieved.

The invention adopts the technical scheme that the follow-up supporting tool for processing the blade surface of the controllable-pitch propeller is characterized in that: in the working process of the follow-up support tool 1, the follow-up support tool, the gantry machine tool 2, the controllable pitch propeller blade 3 and the blade fixing tool 4 form a follow-up support processing system together. The numerical control system simultaneously controls the movement of X1, Y1, Z1, B1 and C1 axes of the gantry machine tool and the movement of X2, Y2 and Z2 axes in the follow-up supporting tool, and the effect of synchronous movement of the machining point position and the supporting point position is achieved.

The servo support tool for machining the blade surface of the controllable-pitch propeller comprises an X-direction driving guide rail 1-1, two X-direction auxiliary guide rails 1-2, a Y-direction driving guide rail 1-3, a Z-direction electric push cylinder 1-4, a driving motor 1-5, a tail end support head 1-6 and a pressure sensor 1-7, wherein 4 fixing mounting plates 1-8 are arranged below the servo tool, so that the tool and a workbench of a machine tool can be conveniently and fixedly mounted. X direction initiative guide rail and two X direction auxiliary rail all install on 4 fixed mounting panels, and the stability of the multiplicable frock during operation of X direction auxiliary rail is connected X direction guide rail and fixed mounting panel through the bolt. The Y-direction active guide rail crosses over the X-direction active guide rail and the two X-direction auxiliary guide rails, and the X, Y-direction guide rails are fixedly connected with each other in a bolt connection mode. The Z-direction electric pushing cylinder is connected with the Y-direction tool path through the spoke sensor, the spoke sensor is provided with a threaded hole, and the spoke sensor is convenient to fix with a measured object and simultaneously detects the supporting force condition in the machining process. In order to facilitate the installation of the end supporting head and the Z-direction electric pushing cylinder, a threaded connection mode is also adopted.

As chips easily exist in the working occasion of the follow-up supporting tool to wear the screw rod and the linear guide rail in the guide rail, the protection plates are arranged on the X-direction active guide rail, the X-direction auxiliary guide rail and the Y-direction active guide rail. And limit switches are arranged at the positive and negative limit positions of the X, Y, Z shaft of the follow-up tool, so that the exceeding of the stroke of each shaft in the operation process is prevented.

The invention aims at the installation and debugging of the common controllable-pitch propeller during processing, and comprises five steps:

and S1, mounting the follow-up tool on a machine tool workbench.

And S2, connecting an electrical system for controlling the movement of each shaft of the follow-up tool with an electrical system of the machine tool and checking the wiring correctness.

And S3, debugging the motion stroke of each shaft of the follow-up tool and restoring to a zero position.

And S4, installing the support head and running a debugging program to check whether each element in the system runs normally.

And S5, if the system does not normally operate, repeating the steps S1-S4 until the system normally operates.

The invention mainly completes the five steps and is realized by adopting the following technical means:

the step S1 specifically includes: and adjusting the relative position of the follow-up support tool and the controllable pitch propeller, and after the adjustment is finished, fastening a bolt and a pressing plate on a machine tool workbench to integrally fix the follow-up support tool and the controllable pitch propeller.

The step S2 specifically includes: and connecting the communication line of the motion controller in the electrical system with the communication line of the PLC, completing the configuration topology of the newly accessed hardware in the numerical control system, and distributing the number of the corresponding motion axis.

The step S4 specifically includes: whether the pressure sensor can collect the stress condition of the supporting head in the supporting process in real time is checked; and (5) checking whether the motion function of each shaft is normal or not, and stopping immediately when the shaft moves to the extreme position.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, the supporting position of the propeller can move along with the cutter point of the machining cutter through the follow-up supporting tool, so that the conditions of cutting deformation and cutting vibration at the blade tip of the propeller can be well inhibited. The tool has the freedom degrees in the XYZ three directions, so that the motion trail of the tail end supporting structure can be attached to the surface of the propeller blade formed by the free-form surface. In addition, the supporting acting force of the supporting position can be adjusted in real time along with the cutting force in the processing process, so that a better supporting effect is achieved. The invention effectively solves the problem that the blade tip part is difficult to process in the production process of the controllable-pitch propeller blade, effectively improves the processing quality and the processing efficiency, and reduces the production period and the production cost.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a working diagram of a follow-up supporting tool for processing blade surfaces of a controllable pitch propeller: 1 follow-up supporting tool, 2 gantry machine tool, 3 adjustable-pitch propeller blades and 4 blade fixing tool

Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a follow-up supporting tool for processing blade surfaces of a controllable pitch propeller: 1-1X direction active guide rail, 1-2X direction auxiliary guide rail, 1-3Y direction active guide rail, 1-4Z direction electric pushing cylinder, 1-5 tail end supporting head, 1-6 spoke sensor, 1-7 driving motor and 1-8 fixed mounting plate

FIG. 3 is a detail view of a follow-up supporting tool for processing blade surfaces of a controllable pitch propeller

Detailed Description

The following detailed description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

The controllable pitch propeller is the main power output element of the full-rotation propeller, and the surface processing precision and the service performance of the controllable pitch propeller have an inseparable relationship. When the controllable-pitch propeller is machined, as shown in the attached drawing 1, the controllable-pitch propeller needs to be fixed on a blade fixing tool firstly, and is locked by penetrating through a flange plate at the bottom of the blade through a bolt. And then adjusting the position of the propeller follow-up supporting tool to cover the area of the blade tip part.

As shown in fig. 2, the follow-up support tool for processing the blade surface of the controllable-pitch propeller comprises a 1-1X-direction active guide rail, a 1-2X-direction auxiliary guide rail, a 1-3Y-direction active guide rail, a 1-4Z-direction electric push cylinder, a 1-5 tail end support head, a 1-6 spoke sensor, a 1-7 driving motor and a 1-8 fixed mounting plate. X direction initiative guide rail and two X direction auxiliary rail all install on 4 fixed mounting panels, and the stability of the multiplicable frock during operation of X direction auxiliary rail is connected X direction guide rail and fixed mounting panel through the bolt. The Y-direction active guide rail crosses over the X-direction active guide rail and the two X-direction auxiliary guide rails, and the X, Y-direction guide rails are fixedly connected with each other in a bolt connection mode. The Z-direction electric pushing cylinder is connected with the Y-direction tool path through the spoke sensor, the spoke sensor is provided with a threaded hole, and the spoke sensor is convenient to fix with a measured object and simultaneously detects the supporting force condition in the machining process. In order to facilitate the installation of the end supporting head and the Z-direction electric pushing cylinder, a threaded connection mode is also adopted. The tail end supporting head adopts a universal ball bearing to provide supporting force, and a steel ball bearing structure in the tail end supporting head can form a high-pair contact form with a free curved surface on the surface of the propeller, so that effective supporting force is provided. The X-direction active guide rail, the Y-direction active guide rail and the X-direction auxiliary guide rail all adopt guide rail screw rod motion forms with the same structural form, and the auxiliary guide rails do not need to provide power, so that screw rod structures are reduced. The driving motor is connected with a lead screw in the driving guide rail through an Oldham coupling to provide power for outputting the motion platform.

The motion positions of XYZ axes in the propeller follow-up supporting tool are controlled by a numerical control system, so that the running single-line numerical control code comprises motion information of 8 axes, namely X, Y, Z, B, C axes of a machine tool and X1, Y1 and Z1 axes of the follow-up tool. By the method, synchronous movement of the machining tool point position and the supporting point position in the numerical control system can be realized. The motion stroke of the Z1 axis is determined by the digital control code and the supporting force measured by the spoke sensor, when the spoke sensor detects that the stress is changed greatly, the supporting force can be adjusted properly according to the detection result to achieve the best supporting effect. The follow-up support structure can also be used in the processing process of the blade tip part of the fixed-pitch propeller or a larger thin-wall part, and different types of tail end support heads can be selected according to processing objects to adapt to different working conditions or requirements.

The follow-up supporting tool for machining the blade surfaces of the controllable-pitch propellers can be used in the milling machining process of the blade surfaces of the controllable-pitch propellers with different sizes, and the work of manually arranging the fixed-point supporting tool by a craft worker is saved. In addition, the processing quality and the processing efficiency of the area with poor rigidity of the blade tip part of the propeller can be effectively improved, and the production period is shortened. The servo tool structure is easy to install and use, and has certain production and utilization values.