阅读说明：本技术 一种除尘除焦一体化生物质气化炉 (Dust removal decoking integration biomass gasification stove ) 是由 董成龙 董晶晶 宋得坤 朱琳 于 2019-03-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种除尘除焦一体化生物质气化炉,包括热出水口,排气口,夹套,隔热层,燃烧喉部,进风预热室,进风口,出灰口,爬梯,操作平台,投料口,燃烧室,灰尘收集箱,出灰口,加湿箱,电机,风扇,出水口,水槽,胶皮管,烟气管道,抽水装置,输水装置,喷头,除灰尘器,冷凝装置,本发明所述的除尘除焦一体化生物质气化炉在结构内设置有风扇,并设置在燃烧室的最底层,这样能有效避免炉外处理产生的环境污染问题。(The invention discloses a dust and coke removal integrated biomass gasification furnace, which comprises a hot water outlet, an exhaust port, a jacket, a heat insulation layer, a combustion throat, an air inlet preheating chamber, an air inlet, an ash outlet, a crawling ladder, an operation platform, a feed inlet, a combustion chamber, a dust collection box, an ash outlet, a humidification box, a motor, a fan, a water outlet, a water tank, a rubber tube, a flue gas pipeline, a water pumping device, a water conveying device, a spray head, a dust remover and a condensing device.)

1. The invention is characterized in that: the invention discloses a dust and coke removal integrated biomass gasification furnace, which comprises a hot water outlet, an exhaust port, a jacket, a heat insulation layer, a combustion throat, an air inlet preheating chamber, an air inlet, an ash outlet, a crawling ladder, an operation platform, a feed inlet, a combustion chamber, a dust collection box, an ash outlet, a humidification box, a motor, a fan, a water outlet, a water tank, a rubber tube, a flue gas pipeline, a water pumping device, a water conveying device, a spray head, a dust remover and a condensing device.

2. The invention is characterized in that: the technology adopts secondary air distribution, and the furnace pressure is in a range of 500-plus-700 mm water column so as to ensure normal fluidization of the jet region; continuous production can be realized, the flame is stable, and the temperature of a high-temperature section can reach 1300 ℃.

3. The invention is characterized in that: the combustion chamber is constituted by: the automatic feeding device, the storage hopper, the combustion chamber, the automatic ignition device, the oxygen supply fan, the ash discharge port, the fire observation port, the smoke exhaust draught fan and other components.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a biomass gasification furnace, in particular to a dust and coke removal integrated biomass gasification furnace, and belongs to the field of biomass power generation.

Background

The amount of solid biomass available in china is huge, mainly agricultural waste and wood waste; the biomass is distributed and dispersed, and is difficult to collect and transport, and the large-scale combustion technology is difficult to adopt under the current conditions of China, so the medium-small scale biomass gasification power generation technology (200-5000 kW) has unique advantages in China; because China is short in power supply, and the waste of biomass wastes is serious, the price is low, so the cost of biomass gasification power generation is about 0.2-0.3 yuan/Kw.h, which is close to or superior to the conventional power generation, the unit investment is only about 3500-4000 yuan/Kw, which is 60-70% of coal power, and the biomass gasification power generation method has the condition of entering market competition; at present, China has the capacity of building a MW-level biomass gasification power generation project; but the technology still has some problems, most prominently secondary pollution to water and poor applicability to various types of biomass, and the system has low power generation efficiency, and the thermal efficiency is only about 15%.

The straw fuel gas produced by the biomass gas furnace belongs to a green new energy source and has strong vitality; the raw materials generated by the plant gas are crop straws, forest waste, edible fungus residues, cattle, sheep and livestock manure and all combustible substances, so that the plant gas is an inexhaustible renewable resource; each farmer only needs 3-5 kg of plant raw materials every day to solve the problem of whole-day energy utilization (cooking, heating and showering), and the fuel is burnt like liquefied gas, so that the life style of sooting and burning in rural areas in China can be completely changed, and the traditional firewood stove can be completely replaced by the liquefied gas.

As is well known, gasification and combustion are both organic matter and oxygen in a reaction, and the difference is that oxygen is sufficient or excessive in the combustion process, the products after combustion are carbon dioxide, water and other non-combustible flue gas, and a large amount of reaction heat is released, i.e., the combustion mainly converts the chemical energy of biomass into heat energy, while biomass gasification is that biomass is incompletely combusted under certain conditions and only limited oxygen is provided to generate combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen and low molecular hydrocarbons, i.e., gasification converts carriers of chemical energy from solid to gaseous; compared with combustion, the heat released in the gasification reaction is much smaller, and the combustible gas obtained by gasification can further release the chemical energy possessed by the combustible gas by reburning.

According to the detection of the China quality supervision and inspection station on biomass gas, the following results are obtained: the combustible gas contains 15.27% of hydrogen, 3.12% of oxygen, 56.22% of nitrogen, 1.57% of methane, 9.76% of carbon monoxide, 13.75% of carbon dioxide, 0.10% of ethylene, 0.13% of ethane, 0.03% of propane and 0.05% of propylene, the total being 100%. The gasifier can generate 2.8m3 combustion gas per hour, is efficient, environment-friendly and energy-saving, and burns like liquefied gas. Each household only needs 3-5 kg of plant resources every day, and the energy consumption (cooking, warming and bathing) of all-weather life can be realized; the biomass fuel gas is widely used for heating, bathing, enterprise restaurants, roadside gear and other places, is the most practical, most economical, most convenient, most energy-saving and most applicable to all energy sources, is safe to use, and is clean and sanitary.

Household biomass gasification furnaces have appeared in markets in the early 90 s of the 20 th century, and a downdraft gasification furnace is generally adopted, and fuel is sawdust, scattered branches, straws, corncobs and the like, so that the biomass gasification furnace has the advantages of being capable of being used for multiple times after being added once; but the structure is more complex, and the producer (stock bin and gasification chamber), the blower, the pipeline, the valve, the cooker and the like exist, so the selling price is higher. The more main problem is that the tar generation can not be solved, so that the promotion can not be realized all the time; in recent years, a filtering and water washing device is added on the basis of the original gasification furnace, so that tar and water are discharged together, and although the appearance is made beautiful, the fundamental problem of tar generation is still not solved.

The obvious problems existing in the fuel gas generated by the biomass gasification furnace in China are as follows: 1) because the gasification furnace is directly connected with the stove and the generated combustible gas is not treated, tar seeps out from the stove connecting pipe and the gasification furnace, the sanitary condition is poor, and the pipeline and the stove are easy to block; 2) because the household gasification furnace is smaller, the gasification condition is not easy to control, the quality of combustible gas components in the generated gas is unstable and discontinuous, and the combustion is influenced and even has safety problems; 3) particularly, a new furnace or a furnace which is not used for a period of time is separated, a certain ignition time is needed from ignition to gas generation, the labor time is increased, and the emission of smoke pollutants is high in the period of time; 4) more important problem is that tar and water containing tar are discharged out of order, and the tar and water containing tar are splashed into the land and ditch at will by users, which causes pollution to the land and underground water; 5) in the combustion process, a kitchen is diffused with a large amount of straw smell, a large amount of harmful gas components are contained in the kitchen, especially, a large amount of CO gas exceeds the standard, and farmers use the kitchen in the environment for a long time, so that the kitchen can cause great damage to human bodies.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a dust and coke removal integrated biomass gasification furnace.

The principle of the invention is as follows: the reaction processes of different biomasses are also different, and common reactions can be divided into an oxidation layer, a reduction layer, a cracking layer and a drying layer: 1. and (3) oxidation reaction: the main reaction of the biomass in the oxidation layer is an oxidation reaction, a gasifying agent is introduced from the lower part of the grate, absorbs heat through an ash layer and then enters the oxidation layer, a combustion reaction is carried out through high-temperature carbon at the oxidation layer to generate a large amount of carbon dioxide and release heat at the same time, the temperature can reach 1000-1300 ℃, the combustion in the oxidation layer is an exothermic reaction, the reaction heat provides a heat source for the reduction reaction of the reduction layer, and the cracking and drying of materials are realized. 2. Carrying out reduction reaction; carbon dioxide and carbon generated in the oxide layer undergo a reduction reaction with water vapor. 3. A pyrolysis reaction zone; the hot gas generated in the oxidation zone and the reduction zone passes through the cracking zone in the ascending process to heat the biomass, so that the biomass in the cracking zone is subjected to cracking reaction. 4. A drying zone; the gas products passing through the oxidation layer, the reduction layer and the cracking reaction zone rise to the zone, the biomass raw material is heated, so that the moisture in the raw material is evaporated, the heat is absorbed, and the generated temperature is reduced, the outlet temperature of the biomass gasification furnace is generally 100-300 ℃, the oxidation zone and the reduction zone are collectively called as gasification zones, and the gasification reaction is mainly carried out; the cracking zone and the drying zone are collectively called a fuel preparation zone; the purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a dust removal decoking integration biomass gasification stove, includes hot delivery port, the gas vent, presss from both sides the cover, the insulating layer, the burning throat, the air inlet preheating chamber, the air intake, the ash hole, the cat ladder, operation platform, the dog-house, the combustion chamber, the dust collecting box, the ash hole, the humidification case, the motor, the fan, the delivery port, the basin, the rubber tube, the flue gas pipeline, pumping device, water delivery device, the shower nozzle, the dust remover, condensing equipment.

The operation platform and the combustion furnace are connected and close to the right side of the combustion furnace, a feed port is arranged on the right side of the combustion furnace, the operation platform is internally divided into two layers, the upper layer is a combustion chamber, the lower layer is a dust collecting box, a dust outlet is formed in the side edge of the bottom of the dust collecting box, the middle side of the dust collecting box is connected with a humidifying box, a motor is arranged below the combustion furnace, the motor is connected with a fan through a main shaft at the center of the lower layer of the combustion furnace, and the fan is arranged at the bottommost layer of. A plurality of condenser pipes are vertically arranged in the condenser, secondary air distribution is adopted in the technology, and the furnace pressure is in a range of 500-700 mm water column so as to ensure normal fluidization of the jet flow region; continuous production can be realized, the flame is stable, and the temperature of a high-temperature section can reach 1300 ℃.

The combustion chamber is constituted by: the automatic feeding device, the storage hopper, the combustion chamber, the automatic ignition device, the oxygen supply fan, the ash discharge port, the fire observation port, the smoke exhaust draught fan and other components.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the biomass gasification furnace in the prior art, the dust and coke removal integrated biomass gasification furnace has the advantages that: the dust-removing and coke-removing integrated biomass gasification furnace is internally provided with the fan in the structure and is arranged at the bottommost layer of the combustion chamber, so that the problem of environmental pollution caused by external treatment can be effectively avoided.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a gasification furnace before modification.

Fig. 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the modified gasification furnace.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the air inlet structure of the modified gasification furnace.

FIG. 4 is an overall schematic view of the gasification furnace of the present invention after modification.

Wherein: 1. ladder stand, 2, operation platform, 3, combustion furnace, 31, combustion chamber, 32, dust collecting box, 33, motor, 34, main shaft, 35, fan, 36, ash outlet, 37, dog-house, 4, humidification case, 41, delivery port, 5, basin, 51, rubber tube, 6, flue gas pipeline, 7, pumping device, 71, water delivery device, 72, shower nozzle, 8, dust remover, 9, condensing equipment, 10, fan.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings; as shown in the attached drawings, the invention provides a novel biomass gasification furnace, which comprises a ladder stand 1, wherein the upper part of the ladder stand 1 is connected with an operation platform 2 near the left side, the operation platform 2 is connected with a combustion furnace 3 and is close to the right side of the combustion furnace 3, the top of the combustion furnace 3 is provided with a feeding port 37, the interior of the combustion furnace 3 is divided into two layers, the upper layer is a combustion chamber 31, the lower layer is a dust collecting box 32, the side edge of the dust collecting box 32 is provided with an ash outlet 36, the middle side of the dust collecting box 32 is connected with a humidifying box 4, the bottommost part of the combustion furnace 3 is provided with a motor 33, the motor 33 is connected with a fan 35 through a main shaft 34 at the center of the lower layer of the combustion furnace 3, the fan 35 is arranged at the bottommost layer of the combustion chamber 31, the bottom of the humidifying box 4 is a water outlet 41, the water, the liquid is pumped by the water pumping device 7 and then is conveyed to the top of the humidifying box 4 through the water conveying device 71, and is sprayed into the humidifying box 4 through the spray head 72, the top of the humidifying box 4 is connected with a flue gas pipeline 6, the flue gas pipeline 6 is connected to the dust remover 8, a water tank 5 is also arranged below the dust remover 8, the water tank 5 is connected with the water tank 5 below the humidifying box 4 through a rubber hose 51, the top of the dust remover 8 is provided with the spray head 72, and the spray head 72 is connected with the pumped chestnut 7 through the water conveying pipe 71; the middle upper parts of the two condensers 9 are connected with a water conveying pipe 71, and the water conveying pipe 71 and the water pumping chestnuts 7 are connected into a whole; the condenser 9 is connected with the fan 10 through the flue gas pipeline 6, the flue gas pipeline 6 and the water delivery pipe 72.

The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.