阅读说明：本技术 贴片天线及天线阵列 (Patch antenna and antenna array ) 是由 刘朋 邬烈锋 王羽林 刘维卓 徐可 于 2020-06-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种贴片天线,至少包括馈电结构、支撑件和近场耦合片；所述支撑件固定于所述馈电结构上,所述近场耦合片固定于所述支撑件上；所述近场耦合片的边缘设有至少一对呈对称状的开槽。本发明还提供一种具有至少一个所述贴片天线的天线阵列。借此,本发明能明显改善天线隔离度,提升贴片天线在阵列中的S参数,并且不会影响方向图指标。(The invention provides a patch antenna, which at least comprises a feed structure, a supporting piece and a near field coupling piece; the supporting piece is fixed on the feed structure, and the near field coupling piece is fixed on the supporting piece; the edge of the near field coupling piece is provided with at least one pair of symmetrical slots. The invention also provides an antenna array with at least one patch antenna. Therefore, the antenna isolation degree can be obviously improved, the S parameter of the patch antenna in the array is improved, and the directional diagram index is not influenced.)

1. A patch antenna is characterized by at least comprising a feed structure, a support piece and a near field coupling piece; the supporting piece is fixed on the feed structure, and the near field coupling piece is fixed on the supporting piece; the edge of the near field coupling piece is provided with at least one pair of symmetrical slots.

2. A patch antenna according to claim 1, further comprising a guide piece fixed above said near field coupling piece and commonly supported by said support member.

3. A patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein said near field coupling patch and said director patch are formed in an axisymmetric and centrosymmetric configuration.

4. A patch antenna according to claim 3, wherein said near field coupling patch is circular, square, diamond or polygonal; and/or

The guiding sheet is in a cross shape, a square shape or a round shape.

5. A patch antenna according to claim 2, wherein said support member is detachably connected to said feed structure, and said near field coupling patch and said guiding patch are respectively connected to said support member.

6. A patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein the near field coupling patch is divided into a plurality of lobe structures by the slot, and the lobe structures are planar or non-planar.

7. A patch antenna according to claim 6, wherein the lobe structures of the near field coupling patch are bent downwards at the same angle.

8. A patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein two pairs of said slots are symmetrically formed on the edge of said near field coupling patch, and four of said slots are distributed in a cross shape.

9. A patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein the near field coupling patch is suspended above the feed structure by the support member with a gap maintained between the near field coupling patch and the feed structure; and/or

The feed structure is a PCB feed structure and comprises a microstrip antenna, a PCB substrate and a feed line.

10. An antenna array comprising at least one patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and a feed network structure, said patch antenna being fixed to said feed network structure.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mobile antennas, in particular to a patch antenna and an antenna array.

Background

With the development of the global 5G communication system, each operator uses a base station and an antenna in a 3.5GHz band successively, the 3.5GHz band is generally small and exquisite due to the frequency coverage characteristic of the base station, and the antenna thickness is correspondingly low by adopting a base station + antenna mode. Due to the limitation of the thickness of the antenna, the antenna unit often uses a low-profile unit, and a patch antenna is usually adopted as a preferred choice.

The conventional patch antenna generally has a direct feed mode, a coupling feed mode and the like, namely, the direct feed mode is called direct feed mode by a probe and the direct feed mode by a microstrip line; and performing coupling feeding by using a mode of coupling the feeding sheet and the radiation sheet. After the conventional patch antenna forms an antenna array, the impedance characteristic and the polarization isolation degree of the conventional patch antenna are seriously deteriorated due to the problem of the surrounding environment (small unit spacing), which causes great difficulty in designing and using the antenna array, mainly manifested by high difficulty in matching standing waves, serious deterioration of the antenna isolation degree and poor S parameter of the array. At this time, some metal pieces need to be added into the antenna array to debug the isolation, but for the frequency of 3.5GHz, the size and the position of the debugging piece have slight deviation, and the difference is large, so that the production debugging efficiency of the antenna is low.

In view of the above, the prior art is obviously inconvenient and disadvantageous in practical use, and needs to be improved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the foregoing drawbacks, an object of the present invention is to provide a patch antenna and an antenna array, which can significantly improve the isolation of the antenna, improve the S-parameters of the patch antenna in the array, and do not affect the directional diagram index.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a patch antenna, which at least includes a feed structure, a support member, and a near field coupling patch; the supporting piece is fixed on the feed structure, and the near field coupling piece is fixed on the supporting piece; the edge of the near field coupling piece is provided with at least one pair of symmetrical slots.

The patch antenna further comprises a guide sheet, wherein the guide sheet is fixed above the near field coupling sheet and is supported by the support piece together.

According to the patch antenna of the present invention, the near field coupling patch and the director patch have axisymmetric and centrosymmetric structures.

According to the patch antenna, the near field coupling sheet is circular, square, rhombic or polygonal; and/or

The guiding sheet is in a cross shape, a square shape or a round shape.

According to the patch antenna, the supporting piece is detachably connected to the feed structure, and the near field coupling piece and the guiding piece are respectively connected to the supporting piece.

According to the patch antenna, the near field coupling sheet is divided into a plurality of lobe structures through the slot, and the lobe structures are planar or non-planar.

According to the patch antenna, the lobe structures of the near-field coupling sheets are bent downwards at the same angle.

According to the patch antenna, two pairs of symmetrical slots are formed in the edge of the near field coupling sheet, and four slots are distributed in a cross shape.

According to the patch antenna, the near field coupling sheet is suspended above the feed structure through the supporting piece, and a gap is kept between the near field coupling sheet and the feed structure; and/or

The feed structure is a PCB feed structure and comprises a microstrip antenna, a PCB substrate and a feed line.

The invention also provides an antenna array, which comprises at least one patch antenna and a feed network structure, wherein the patch antenna is fixed on the feed network structure.

The patch antenna at least comprises a feed structure, a support piece and a near field coupling piece, wherein at least one pair of symmetrical grooves are arranged on the edge of the near field coupling piece, so that the surface current flow direction of the near field coupling piece is changed, partial reverse offset effect is achieved, the isolation of the patch antenna in an array environment can be obviously improved, and S parameters of the patch antenna in an array are improved. Preferably, the patch antenna further comprises a guiding sheet, wherein the guiding sheet is fixed above the near-field coupling sheet, and the impedance curve can be converged through local change of an electromagnetic field, so that the aims of optimizing standing waves of the patch antenna and easily forming an antenna array are fulfilled.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a preferred patch antenna of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a preferred exploded perspective view of the patch antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a preferred structure of the near field coupling patch of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a current flow diagram of an unslotted near field coupling patch with a slot;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a preferred construction of the directing sheet of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a preferred construction of the support member of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of six near-field coupling patches according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of three types of guide sheets of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a preferred structure of the antenna array of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a preferred exploded view of a sub-array of the antenna array of the present invention;

fig. 11 is an impedance graph of a conventional patch antenna;

fig. 12 is a graph of the impedance of the patch antenna of the present invention;

fig. 13 is an isolation graph of a conventional patch antenna;

fig. 14 is an isolation graph of a patch antenna of the present invention;

fig. 15 is a horizontal plane pattern of a prior art patch antenna;

fig. 16 is a horizontal plane pattern of the patch antenna of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

a patch antenna 100; a feeding structure 10; a microstrip antenna 11;

a power feed line 12; a mounting hole 13; a support member 20;

a buckle 21; a near-field coupling patch 30; a slot 31;

the petal-shaped structures 32; an ungrooved near field coupling patch 30'; a guide sheet 40;

a feed network structure 200; an antenna array 300; a reflective plate 400.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

It should be noted that references in the specification to "one embodiment," "an example embodiment," etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not intended to refer to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.

Moreover, where certain terms are used throughout the description and following claims to refer to particular components or features, those skilled in the art will understand that manufacturers may refer to a component or feature by different names or terms. This specification and the claims that follow do not intend to distinguish between components or features that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. In addition, the term "connected" as used herein includes any direct and indirect electrical connection. Indirect electrical connection means include connection by other means.

Fig. 1 and 2 show a preferred structure of the patch antenna of the present invention, and the patch antenna 100 includes at least a feeding structure 10, a support 20, and a near field coupling patch 30. The supporting member 20 is fixed to the feeding structure 10, and the near field coupling patch 30 is fixed to the supporting member 20. At least one pair of symmetrical slots 31 are formed in the edge of the near-field coupling sheet 30, and the slots 31 can change the surface current flow direction of the patch antenna 100, so that a partial reverse offset effect is achieved, the purpose of improving the isolation of the patch antenna 100 in an array environment is achieved, the S parameter is optimized, and the directional diagram index is not affected.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, compared with the existing near field coupling patch 30' without grooves, the near field coupling patch 30 of the present invention has the symmetrical grooves 31, so that the surface current flow direction is changed, and a partial reverse cancellation effect is achieved, thereby achieving the purpose of optimizing the isolation of the oscillator. The two arrows in fig. 4 are the feed direction or the polarization direction, which coincides with the direction of the microstrip antenna 11 as shown in fig. 2.

It is preferable that the patch antenna 100 of the present invention further includes a guide tab 40, and the guide tab 40 is fixed above the near field coupling tab 30 and is commonly supported by the support member 20. The director sheet 40 can locally change the field distribution by coupling current, can converge the impedance curve within a desired range, can optimize the standing wave of the patch antenna 100, and can easily constitute an antenna array. The guide piece 40 is preferably made of a metal material, but the material of the guide piece 40 is not limited thereto.

The patch antenna 100 of the present invention preferably uses a low-profile unit, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the structure of the patch antenna 100 is divided into a feeding structure 10 as a bottom circuit, a near-field coupling plate 30 of a middle-layer guiding structure, and a guiding plate 40 of an upper-layer guiding structure, which are connected together by a supporting member 20, the feeding structure 10 and the near-field coupling plate 30 ensure that the directional pattern of the patch antenna 100 is normal, wherein the guiding plate 40 ensures that the impedance of the patch antenna 100 can be well matched.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the near-field coupling patch 30 is divided into a plurality of lobe structures 32 by a slot 31, and the lobe structures 32 are planar or non-planar. Preferably, the lobe structure 32 of the near field coupling tab 30 is bent downward by the same angle to form a non-planar shape, and obviously, the non-planar shape of the lobe structure 32 of the near field coupling tab 30 is not limited to this structure. The slot 31 of the near field coupling plate 30 can effectively improve the isolation problem of the unit in the array environment.

In this embodiment, two pairs of symmetrical slots 31 are formed in the edge of the near field coupling plate 30, four slots 31 are distributed in a cross shape, and the near field coupling plate 30 is divided into four petal-shaped structures 32 through the four slots 31 and is in an open state. The four lobe structures 32 may be planar or may be in a non-planar downward pressing shape (i.e., bent downward at the same angle). The shape of the near-field coupling patch 30 is the same as the characteristics of the microstrip antenna, and the isolation of the patch antenna 100 after array can be changed by making four slots 31 on four sides of the near-field coupling patch, because the positions of the ends are changed after the slots 31 compared with the original ones, and assuming that the radiation direction of the antenna is ± 45 °, the slots 31 are made at 0 ° and 90 °, the edge current ends of the patch antenna 100 are changed from the original outer edge to the inner edge, and the isolation of other antenna units is changed by changing the current distribution after the slots 31, but because the current distribution on the whole near-field coupling patch 30 also presents an axisymmetric + centrosymmetric structure, the ends cancel each other, so the directional diagram is not affected, as shown in fig. 15 and fig. 16.

Preferably, the near field coupling patch 30 and the guiding patch 40 have axisymmetric and centrosymmetric structures. As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the near field coupling patch 30 is preferably circular, but the shape of the near field coupling patch 30 of the present invention is not limited thereto. As shown in fig. 7, the near field coupling patch 30 may have a circular shape, a square shape, a diamond shape, a polygonal shape, or the like. As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 5, the guide piece 40 is preferably in a cross shape, but the shape of the guide piece 40 of the present invention is not limited thereto. As shown in fig. 8, the directing sheet 40 may have a cross shape, a square shape, a circular shape, or the like.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 6, the support 20 is detachably connected to the feeding structure 10, and the near field coupling tab 30 and the guiding tab 40 are respectively connected to the support 20. The near field coupling patch 30 is suspended above the feed structure 10 by the support 20, and a gap is maintained between the near field coupling patch 30 and the feed structure 10. In this embodiment, the supporting member 20 is clipped on the feeding structure 10 by the clip 21, so that the installation and the disassembly are more convenient. The supporting member 20 is preferably made of plastic, but obviously, the material of the supporting member 20 is not limited thereto.

The feeding structure 10 is a preferred PCB feeding structure 10, as shown in fig. 2, the PCB feeding structure 10 includes a microstrip antenna 11, a PCB substrate and a feeder line 12, which together form a microstrip antenna on the bottom layer. In the present embodiment, the feeding structure 10 is circular, but the shape of the feeding structure 10 of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the feeding structure 10 may also be square, diamond, or polygonal, etc.

As shown in fig. 9, the present invention further provides an antenna array 300, where the antenna array 300 includes the at least one patch antenna 100 and the feeding network structure 200, and the patch antenna 100 is fixed on the feeding network structure 200. Preferably, the patch antenna 100 is printed on the feeding network structure 200 and electrically connected to the feeding network structure 200. Preferably, the feeding network structure 200 includes a feeding network circuit and a reflection plate 400. In this embodiment, the antenna array 300 includes eight sub-arrays, each sub-array includes three feeding structures 10, three near-field coupling patches 30, three guiding patches 40, three supporting pieces 20, and a feeding network structure 200. The working frequency band of the patch antenna 100 is 3400-3600 MHz, and the antenna is polarized by +/-45 degrees.

Fig. 10 is a schematic exploded view of a sub-array of the antenna array of the present invention, and the near field coupling plate 30 and the guiding plate 40 are fixed on the reflection plate 400 by the supporting member 20 through four mounting holes 13 on the feeding network structure 200, so as to form a 1 × 3 sub-array. Obviously, the number of the mounting holes 13 is not limited to four, and may be any number such as two, three, five, and the like.

It should be noted that the number of sub-arrays of the antenna array 300 of the present invention is not limited, and the number of patch antennas 100 of each sub-array is also not limited, and can be arbitrarily set according to actual needs.

Fig. 11 is a graph showing an impedance curve of a conventional patch antenna, and fig. 12 is a graph showing an impedance curve of a patch antenna according to the present invention. As can be seen from the comparison of the impedance curves (standing waves) of the two antennas after the antenna array 300 is formed, the impedance curves are converged much, and the matching array is easy to be made.

Fig. 13 is an isolation degree curve of a conventional patch antenna, and fig. 14 is an isolation degree curve of a patch antenna of the present invention. By comparing the isolation curves (standing waves) of the two antennas after forming the antenna array 300, it can be seen that the isolation is improved by about 8dB or more, thereby significantly optimizing the isolation of the patch antenna 100 in the array environment.

Fig. 15 is a horizontal plane pattern of a conventional patch antenna, and fig. 16 is a horizontal plane pattern of a patch antenna of the present invention. Through the comparison of the directional patterns of the two antennas after forming the antenna array 300, which are basically the same, the technical means of improving the S parameter, such as the slot 31, the loading guide sheet 40, etc., will not affect the directional pattern index.

In summary, the patch antenna of the present invention at least includes a feeding structure, a supporting member and a near field coupling patch, and at least a pair of symmetrical slots are disposed on an edge of the near field coupling patch to change a surface current flow direction thereof, so as to achieve a partial reverse cancellation effect, significantly improve isolation of the patch antenna in an array environment, improve S parameters of the patch antenna in the array, and not affect a directional diagram index. Preferably, the patch antenna further comprises a guiding sheet, wherein the guiding sheet is fixed above the near-field coupling sheet, and the impedance curve can be converged through local change of an electromagnetic field, so that the aims of optimizing standing waves of the patch antenna and easily forming an antenna array are fulfilled.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.