Aphid field rapid investigation and collection device and application thereof
阅读说明：本技术 一种蚜虫田间快速调查与采集装置及其应用 (Aphid field rapid investigation and collection device and application thereof ) 是由 邢鲲 赵飞 申爱英 高俊仙 马国强 郑竹胜 侯叶青 弓俊 李敏 左志伟 姚付春 于 2020-07-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属蚜虫田间调查装置技术领域,为解决目前难以做到蚜虫的大规模田间调查与采集,提供一种蚜虫田间快速调查与采集装置及其应用。装置为采集盒两侧活动连接收集盒,采集盒前端设手柄,顶部设密封盖I,内部中间设“丰”字型格栅,底部侧壁间隔设若干筛选孔；收集盒内部设若干收集格,收集格排成一列,每一个收集格顶部对应设置密封盖II,收集格底部侧壁设置与采集盒底部筛选孔对应的收集孔。能快速采集蚜虫：快速采集小规模种群蚜虫,还能采集单个蚜虫。保证蚜虫完整性：几乎不用毛刷、手等外界物质接触蚜虫,不会破坏蚜虫身体的任何部份,也不会对蚜虫由于接触操作降低会环境的敏感性。即时快速调查蚜虫数量,计算简便,可靠性高。(The invention belongs to the technical field of aphid field investigation devices, and provides an aphid field rapid investigation and collection device and application thereof, aiming at solving the problem that large-scale field investigation and collection of aphids are difficult to achieve at present. The device is characterized in that the two sides of a collecting box are movably connected with the collecting box, the front end of the collecting box is provided with a handle, the top of the collecting box is provided with a sealing cover I, the middle of the collecting box is provided with a grid shaped like a Chinese character feng, and the side wall of the bottom of the collecting box is provided with a plurality of screening holes at intervals; the inside of the collection box is provided with a plurality of collection grids which are arranged in a row, the top of each collection grid is correspondingly provided with a sealing cover II, and the side wall of the bottom of each collection grid is provided with a collection hole corresponding to the screening hole at the bottom of the collection box. Can gather aphid fast: the method can quickly collect small-scale aphids and can also collect single aphid. Ensuring the integrity of aphids: the aphid is hardly contacted with external substances such as brushes, hands and the like, any part of the body of the aphid is not damaged, and the environmental sensitivity of the aphid is not reduced due to the contact operation. The aphid quantity is investigated rapidly, the calculation is simple and convenient, and the reliability is high.)
1. The utility model provides an aphid field surveys fast and collection system which characterized in that: the aphid field rapid investigation and collection device is characterized in that collection boxes (2) are movably connected to two sides of a collection box (1), a handle (1.1) is arranged at the front end of the collection box, a sealing cover I (1.2) is arranged at the top of the collection box, a grid (1.3) shaped like a Chinese character feng is arranged in the middle of the collection box, and a plurality of screening holes (1.4) are arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the collection box at intervals; the collecting box is characterized in that a plurality of collecting grids (2.1) are arranged inside the collecting box (2), the collecting grids (2.1) are arranged in a row, the top of each collecting grid (2.1) is correspondingly provided with a sealing cover II (2.2), and the side wall of the bottom of each collecting grid is provided with a collecting hole (2.3) corresponding to the screening hole at the bottom of the collecting box.
2. An aphid field rapid investigation and collection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the height of the grid in the shape of a Chinese character feng is 1cm, the grid divides the collection box into 2 rows, each row is provided with 4 collection grids (1.5), and the size of each collection grid is 2cm multiplied by 1 cm; the bottom of each collection grid is provided with 4 screening holes; a Feng-shaped middle grating (1.6) with the height of 1cm is arranged in the sealing cover and is matched with the Feng-shaped grating in the collecting box.
3. An aphid field rapid investigation and collection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the collecting box and the collecting box are made of transparent plastics, and are 8cm long, 4cm wide and 1cm high; the 'feng' shaped grating and the 'feng' shaped middle grating are stainless steel shifting pieces with the thickness of 0.3 mm.
4. An aphid field rapid investigation and collection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the size of the collection grid is 2cm multiplied by 1cm, and 4 collection holes are formed in the side wall of the bottom of the collection grid.
5. An aphid field rapid investigation and collection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the diameter of the collecting hole and the screening hole is 3mm and is semicircular.
6. An aphid field rapid investigation and collection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the collecting box and the collecting box are movably connected by drawer type sliding rails.
7. The application of the aphid field rapid investigation and collection device of claim 1 is characterized in that: the specific method comprises the following steps: (1) collecting aphids: plant tissues with aphids are placed in a collection box, a sealing cover is quickly closed, and a grid in the shape of a Chinese character feng directly divides the plant tissues into 8 parts which are respectively placed in collection grids; the collecting box is shaken left and right, and the aphids leak into the collecting grids corresponding to the collecting box from the round holes at the bottom of the collecting box; the required aphid sample is put into other containers to be brought back or the collection grid is directly brought back;
(2) aphid investigation: after collecting aphids in the collection check, carry out aphid quantity statistics fast, adopt the sample of staggering at random, to collecting the aphid in the check alone and make statistics of, get the average number, can obtain the aphid total number on this plant tissue.
8. The application of the aphid field rapid investigation and collection device according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the plant tissue is leaf, ear or fruit.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aphid field investigation devices, and particularly relates to an aphid field rapid investigation and collection device and application thereof.
Background
Aphids, also known as putties and nectasis, are a group of phytophagous insects. A total of 10 aphids have been found, of which there are about 4400, most of which belong to the Aphididae family. Aphids are also one of the most destructive pests on earth. About 250 of the pests seriously harmful to agriculture, forestry and gardening are widely distributed nationwide. The condition of aphids is serious in agriculture and forestry in China, but the residual aphids are small in size and large in quantity, and great difficulty is brought to field investigation and collection. The field investigation of aphids is the premise of prediction and forecast of aphids, and the simplicity, instantaneity and rapidity of the field investigation of the aphids are necessary bases for improving the prediction and forecast accuracy of the aphids. Therefore, a fast, accurate and instant aphid field investigation device and a use method are needed.
CN103942528A provides an aphid situation investigation method and device, scanning an aphid situation leaf sample to obtain aphid situation leaf image information; analyzing the image information of the aphid situation leaf to obtain the aphid number of the aphid situation leaf sample; and calculating the aphid situation grade according to the preset number of the aphid numbers of the aphid situation leaf samples and the preset aphid situation grade standard. By adopting the aphid condition investigation method and the aphid condition investigation device, the scanning mode is adopted to obtain the image information of the aphid condition leaf, and the image information is analyzed and calculated to obtain the aphid condition grade, so that the problems of inaccurate aphid condition investigation result and large error caused by the visual inspection of the manual investigation method are avoided, and the aphid condition investigation is standardized and accurate.
However, the method can only investigate aphid information on leaf samples, and can not collect aphid information on fruits (such as wheat ears and sorghum ears). The method needs to scan and analyze the leaf information, but some aphids often curl the leaves and can not obtain the aphid information on the leaves correctly. The device needs to be carried to the field for investigation with various devices and large volume, and the investigation is very inconvenient. When the equipment works in the field, the condition of power shortage or power failure can occur, and difficulty is caused to investigation. When the survey is carried out on rainy days, the use of the equipment is often difficult. The method can only carry out aphid investigation and has no quick and timely sampling function.
CN105447859A provides a field wheat aphid counting method, which comprises the following steps: image acquisition: acquiring an original image of a wheat plant through a digital camera in the period from the wheat jointing to the booting stage, and acquiring X pieces of small pixel subimages in the original image as training samples; collecting training samples: randomly intercepting N aphid images from an original image as positive samples, and randomly intercepting M aphid images as negative samples; training a recognition model: extracting HOG characteristics of the positive sample and the negative sample, inputting the HOG of the positive sample and the negative sample into an SVM classifier for training to obtain a pest classification model, correcting the model by using the sample, and verifying a pest identification model; and (3) detection of aphids: searching for MSER in the original image, finally searching for aphids in the MSER area by using an SVM classifier, and recording the number of the aphids. The method is simple to operate, and the aphid quantity is efficiently and accurately calculated.
The method needs to carry out investigation in the field with a plurality of equipment areas with larger volume, and the investigation is very inconvenient. When the equipment works in the field, the condition of power shortage or power failure can occur, and difficulty is caused to investigation. Although the method is simple to operate, long-time indoor analysis is needed, and field aphid investigation cannot be carried out immediately and rapidly. The field aphid investigation needs to be carried out with multi-point sampling investigation, and the proposal can only count the number of individual leaf aphids and can not be used for large-scale field investigation.
The invention patent with application number 201510103243.2 discloses a method for investigating insect quantity. The method comprises the following steps: 1) flapping branches with insects to enable the insects to fall into a collection container which is located below the branches and provided with wet paper; obtaining wet paper with the insects; 2) placing the wet paper with the insects in an insect collecting bag, and sealing to obtain a collecting bag filled with the insects; the insect collecting bag contains a substance capable of killing or anesthetizing insects; 3) and counting the quantity of the insects in the collecting bag filled with the insects to realize the detection of the quantity of the insects. The test proves that: the method has the advantages of accurate and reliable data, simple and convenient operation and low production cost, and is convenient for further classifying, identifying and counting and manufacturing insect specimens. This method, which requires carrying anaesthesia or insect killing substances, not only causes a certain pollution to the environment, but also may cause a great damage to the investigators. For tiny insects, the wet paper container is likely to stick the insects together. Is not beneficial to the statistics of the number of insects. The collecting bag is often not clear due to the fact that the collecting bag is infected with anaesthesia or insect killing substances, cannot be reused and is high in use cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device for quickly investigating and collecting aphids in a field and application thereof, aiming at solving the problem that large-scale field investigation and collection of aphids are difficult to achieve at present.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a rapid aphid field investigation and collection device is characterized in that collection boxes are movably connected to two sides of each collection box, a handle is arranged at the front end of each collection box, a sealing cover I is arranged at the top of each collection box, a grid shaped like a Chinese character feng is arranged in the middle of each collection box, and a plurality of screening holes are formed in the side wall of the bottom of each collection box at intervals; the collecting box is internally provided with a plurality of collecting grids which are arranged in a row, the top of each collecting grid is correspondingly provided with a sealing cover II, and the side wall of the bottom of each collecting grid is provided with a collecting hole corresponding to the screening hole at the bottom of the collecting box.
The height of the grid in the shape of a Chinese character feng is 1cm, the grid divides the collection box into 2 rows, each row has 4 collection grids, and the size of each collection grid is 2cm multiplied by 1 cm; the bottom of each collection grid is provided with 4 screening holes; a middle grid in a shape like a Chinese character feng with the height of 1cm is arranged in the sealing cover and is matched with the grid in the shape like the Chinese character feng in the collecting box.
The collecting box and the collecting box are made of transparent plastics, and are 8cm long, 4cm wide and 1cm high; the 'feng' shaped grating and the 'feng' shaped middle grating are stainless steel shifting pieces with the thickness of 0.3 mm.
The size of the collection grid is 2cm multiplied by 1cm, and 4 collection holes are formed in the side wall of the bottom of the collection grid.
The diameter of the collecting hole and the screening hole is 3mm and is semicircular.
The collection box is connected with the collection box through a drawer-type sliding rail, so that the screening holes correspond to the collection holes, and the collection box is tightly connected with the collection box.
The application of the aphid field rapid investigation and collection device comprises the following specific steps: (1) collecting aphids: plant tissues with aphids are placed in a collection box, a sealing cover is quickly closed, and a grid in the shape of a Chinese character feng directly divides the plant tissues into 8 parts which are respectively placed in collection grids; the collecting box is shaken left and right, and the aphids leak into the collecting grids corresponding to the collecting box from the round holes at the bottom of the collecting box; the required aphid sample is put into other containers to be brought back or the collection grid is directly brought back;
(2) aphid investigation: after collecting aphids in the collection check, carry out aphid quantity statistics fast, adopt the sample of staggering at random, to collecting the aphid in the check alone and make statistics of, get the average number, can obtain the aphid total number on this plant tissue.
The plant tissue is leaf, ear or fruit.
The device can be used for rapidly and immediately investigating the quantity of aphids in the field. The aphid on the leaves can be investigated, and the aphids on the wheat ears, fruits and stalks can be investigated. The device can be reused after being cleaned; the volume is small, and the carrying is convenient; the single hand can be operated by a single person, and the working hours are greatly reduced. The method is not influenced by weather and equipment power, and investigation can be carried out on rainy days. The device has no substance for killing or anaesthetizing insects, has no influence on the environment, and has higher safety for operators. Aphid quantity investigation can be carried out rapidly without complex equipment. And the accuracy is high. Can carry out field aphid population and carry out quick collection, can not harm the aphid, and easily preserve, and carry. The device can better ensure the completeness of the insect body and the activity of aphids.
Can gather aphid fast: the device is used for collecting aphids, not only can small-scale population aphids be collected rapidly, but also single aphid can be collected. Ensuring the integrity of aphids: the device is used for collecting the aphids, so that external substances such as brushes, hands and the like are hardly used for contacting the aphids, any part of the body of the aphids cannot be damaged, and the environmental sensitivity of the aphids cannot be reduced due to contact operation. And (3) immediately and rapidly investigating aphid quantity: the device is used for collecting aphids, the number of the aphids can be investigated instantly and rapidly, the calculation is simple and convenient, and the reliability is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a collecting box according to the present invention; in the figure: 1-collection box; 1.1-handle; 1.2-sealing cover I; 1.3- "feng" shaped grating; 1.4-screening wells; 1.5-collection grid; 1.6- "feng" shaped middle grating;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the collecting box according to the present invention; in the figure: 2-a collection box; 2.1-collection grid; 2.2-sealing cover II; 2.3-Collection wells.
Detailed Description
A rapid aphid field investigation and collection device is characterized in that two sides of a
The height of the grid in the shape of a Chinese character feng is 1cm, the grid divides the collection box into 2 rows, each row has 4 collection grids 1.5, and the size of the collection grids is 2cm multiplied by 1 cm; the bottom of each collection grid is provided with 4 screening holes; the inside of the sealing cover is provided with a 1 cm-shaped middle grid 1.6 which is matched with the grid in the shape of Chinese character feng in the collection box, so that plant tissues of leaves and wheat ears can be quickly cut, and aphid populations can be quickly separated. Is easy to investigate and collect the aphid quantity.
The collecting box is made of transparent plastics, and is 8cm long, 4cm wide and 1cm high; the 'feng' shaped grating and the 'feng' shaped middle grating are stainless steel shifting pieces with the thickness of 0.3 mm.
The size of the collection grids is 2cm multiplied by 1cm, and the collection grids are used for collecting aphids in different collection grids; the side wall of the bottom of the collection grid is provided with 4 collection holes. The diameter of the collecting hole and the screening hole is 3mm and the holes are semicircular.
The collection box is connected with the collection box through a drawer-type sliding rail, so that the screening holes correspond to the collection holes, and the collection box is tightly connected with the collection box.
The application of the aphid field rapid investigation and collection device comprises the following specific steps: (1) collecting aphids: plant tissues with aphids are placed in a collection box, a sealing cover is quickly closed, the plant tissues are directly divided into 8 parts by a grid in the shape of a Chinese character feng, and then the device is slightly shaken left and right, so that the aphids can leak into a collection grid from a round hole at the bottom of the collection box; the collecting box is shaken left and right, and the aphids leak into the collecting grids corresponding to the collecting box from the round holes at the bottom of the collecting box; the required aphid sample is put into other containers to be brought back or the collection grid is directly brought back;
(2) aphid investigation: after collecting aphids in the collection check, carry out aphid quantity statistics fast, adopt the sample of staggering at random, to collecting the aphid in the check alone and make statistics of, get the average number, can obtain the aphid total number on this plant tissue.
The plant tissue is leaf, ear or fruit.
Experimental example: in late spring and early summer, a wheat field (1 mu of land) is selected, a triangular shape is adopted for full selection in the wheat field, 3 sampling points are arranged, 3 plants are selected from each sampling point, and one leaf is selected from the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the wheat for each plant. Firstly, blades of about 8cm are placed in a collection box, and after the collection box is covered with a cover, the blades are divided into 8 parts by the Chinese character feng grids and fall into the collection box. Then the aphids are automatically scattered from the leaves by slightly shaking the left and the right for 10 times. Later, with vertical the placing of whole device, after 10 upsets, the aphid falls into the collection box from the collection hole, can count clear the aphid in every collection box like this fast. For example, 1, 2 and 3 points are selected in the wheat field, and 3 wheat a, b and c are selected at the 3 points. On the a wheat plants, one leaf is selected from the upper part, the middle part and the lower part respectively, and after the collection, the aphid number recorded in 8 collection boxes is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The aphid on this wheat was 18.7 heads at point 1-1-a. Thus, the aphid quantity of wheat per mu can be obtained after 9 wheat plants are repeatedly measured. The wheat aphids in one mu of land are measured and counted, and the total time is about 30 minutes. The operation is simple, convenient and quick, and the accuracy is high.
Obviously, the aphid field rapid investigation and collection device can rapidly and immediately perform aphid quantity investigation. The aphid on the leaves can be investigated, and the aphids on the wheat ears, fruits and stalks can be investigated. The device can be reused after being cleaned; the volume is small, and the carrying is convenient; the single hand can be operated by a single person, and the working hours are greatly reduced. The method is not influenced by weather and equipment power, and investigation can be carried out on rainy days. The device has no substance for killing or anaesthetizing insects, has no influence on the environment, and has higher safety for operators. Aphid quantity investigation can be carried out rapidly without complex equipment. And the accuracy is high. Can carry out field aphid population and carry out quick collection, can not harm the aphid, and easily preserve, and carry. The device can better ensure the completeness of the insect body and the activity of aphids.
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