阅读说明：本技术 一种竖井井筒施工通风降温方法 (Ventilation and cooling method for shaft construction of vertical shaft ) 是由 陈成 王卫生 张弛 韩天恩 钱芳 于 2021-06-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种大直径特深竖井井筒施工通风降温方法,包括如下步骤：步骤一：设计参数及选购设备设施；步骤二：井筒正规下掘后,在地表井口附近或风机硐室安装1台对旋式风机,在井筒安装1趟硬质保温风筒,风机只开二级电机或一、二级电机全开,将新鲜风压入到作业面,污风排出井筒；步骤三：当井筒施工到井深(L1+15)m时,在井深L1m位置安装1台对旋式风机,将污风排到地表,地表风机将新鲜风压入到作业面；步骤四：当井筒施工到一定深度L2时,在地表风机附近安装制冷系统,冷的新鲜风由地表风机经保温风筒压入到作业面,污风由井深L1位置处的风机排到地表,以上设备一直工作到井筒施工结束。本发明为大直径特深竖井井筒施工创造了安全而舒适的工作环境。(The invention discloses a large-diameter ultra-deep shaft construction aeration cooling method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: designing parameters and purchasing equipment and facilities; step two: after a shaft is dug normally, 1 contra-rotating fan is installed near a surface well mouth or a fan chamber, 1 hard heat-preservation air cylinder is installed in the shaft, the fan is only started by a second-stage motor or a first-stage motor and a second-stage motor are started completely, fresh air is pressed into an operation surface, and dirty air is discharged out of the shaft; step three: when a shaft is constructed to the well depth (L1+15) m, 1 counter-rotating fan is installed at the well depth L1m, dirty air is discharged to the ground surface, and fresh air is pressed into an operation surface by the ground surface fan; step four: when the shaft is constructed to a certain depth L2, a refrigerating system is installed near the surface fan, cold fresh air is pressed into the working surface by the surface fan through a heat preservation air cylinder, dirty air is discharged to the surface by the fan at the position of the shaft depth L1, and the equipment works until the shaft construction is finished. The invention creates a safe and comfortable working environment for the construction of the large-diameter ultra-deep shaft.)

1. A large-diameter ultra-deep shaft construction aeration cooling method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: firstly, calculating the distance between the construction depth of a first section, a second section and a third section, wherein the construction depth of the first section is less than or equal to (L1+15) m, the construction depth of the second section is (L1+15) m-L2 m, and the construction depth of the third section is greater than or equal to L2 m; designing parameters of a fan, an air duct and a refrigerating unit, and selecting and purchasing the proper fan, air duct and refrigerating unit according to the parameters;

s2, constructing the first section, after a shaft is dug normally, installing a surface fan (1) near a surface well mouth or a fan chamber, and installing a hard heat-preservation air duct (6) at the designed position of the shaft, wherein the position of the fan chamber is about 2m below the surface of the ground, the distance between the hard heat-preservation air duct (6) and the working surface is less than 10m, and the hard heat-preservation air duct (6) is connected with a colloid flame-retardant air duct (5) within 40m of the working surface; the method comprises the following steps that when the wind barrel continuously extends downwards along with the digging and building of a shaft, the opening degree of a motor of a surface fan (1) is determined according to the calculated air quantity required in the shaft, fresh air (8) is pressed into an operation surface, and dirty air (9) is discharged out of the shaft;

s3, when the construction depth reaches a second section of construction depth, namely when the construction depth of the shaft reaches the shaft depth (L1+15) m, installing 1 counter-rotating fan (2) at the position of the shaft depth L1, and connecting the wind cylinder (7) with the counter-rotating fan (2) by utilizing a wind cylinder (7) installed at the designed position of the shaft; the wind cone (7) is gradually installed from the ground surface to the position of L1 downwards along with the construction of the shaft; the contra-rotating fan (2) is always in a working state, dirty air (9) is discharged to the ground surface, and the surface fan (1) presses fresh air (8) into a working surface;

and S4, when the construction depth reaches a third section of construction depth, namely when the construction depth of the shaft reaches L2, the wet bulb temperature of the working surface at the depth is about to exceed 27 ℃, a set of refrigerating system (3) is required to be installed near the surface fan (1), cold air produced by the refrigerating system is pressed into the working surface by the surface fan (1) through a heat-preservation air cylinder (6), dirty air (9) is discharged to the surface by a counter-rotating fan (2) at the position of the shaft depth L1, and the ventilation and cooling equipment is required to be in a working state until the construction of the shaft is finished.

2. The aeration and cooling method for the construction of the large-diameter ultra-deep shaft well body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the L1 is a discontinuous number, namely the contra-rotating fan (2) can move downwards to a proper position and is connected with the wind barrel (7) under the condition that the construction depth is continuously downward.

3. The aeration and cooling method for the construction of the large-diameter ultra-deep shaft well body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and the opening degree of the motor of the earth surface fan (1) in the S2 is in a state that the motor is only switched on by a second-stage motor or in a state that the first-stage motor and the second-stage motor are fully switched on.

4. The aeration and cooling method for the construction of the large-diameter ultra-deep shaft well body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the S1, the theory of 'flocculation deformation' in the local ventilation theory is adopted for the calculation of the distances L1 and L2, the calculation of the required air volume, the design of related equipment and the like.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mine ventilation equipment, in particular to a ventilation and cooling method for large-diameter ultra-deep shaft construction.

Background

Along with the gradual depletion of shallow mineral resources and the improvement of mechanization degree, the mining depth is gradually increased, the mining scale is gradually increased, and correspondingly, the shaft of the vertical shaft is deeper and deeper, and the diameter of the shaft is also larger and larger. At present, the net diameter of the deepest shaft in China is 6.8 meters, the shaft depth is 1599.2 meters (under construction), the net diameter of the deepest shaft is 10.5 meters, the shaft depth is 611.7 meters, and the net diameter of the deepest shaft to be constructed is 10.5 meters and the shaft depth is 2005 meters. It is expected that more and more vertical shafts with the net diameter of not less than 10 meters and the well depth of more than 2000 meters will be provided in China, and the vertical shaft with the net diameter of not less than 10 meters and the well depth of more than 2000 meters is called a large-diameter extra-deep vertical shaft (a vertical shaft with the well depth of more than 1200 meters constructed by once digging and laying is called an ultra-deep vertical shaft in China).

At present, during the construction of a vertical shaft (the net diameter is generally not more than 8 meters) with the depth of more than 1400 meters in China, as shown in figure 4, double hard wind cylinders are generally adopted for press-in ventilation, two contra-rotating fans are arranged near a well mouth, fresh air is pressed into an operation surface through two hard wind cylinders, and dirty air is discharged out of the shaft; or as shown in figure 5, adopting mixed ventilation, arranging a pair of rotary fans near the well mouth, pressing fresh air into the shaft to a certain depth through a hard air duct, connecting the air duct to the position, installing a pair of rotary fans at a position more than 10 meters above the position, and sucking the dirty air on the working face to the position through a hard air duct to discharge the dirty air out of the shaft.

Because the large-diameter extra-deep vertical shaft has the particularity, one of the particularity is that the explosive consumption of blasting each time in the vertical shaft generally exceeds 900KG, at least 2-3 times of the explosive consumption of blasting each time in the non-large-diameter extra-deep vertical shaft, more blast smoke is generated by blasting each time, and the well depth increases the difficulty of discharging the blast smoke; the second special characteristic is that after the well depth exceeds 1400 meters, the temperature of the rock stratum at the position of 1400 meters generally exceeds 40 ℃, and the requirement of temperature reduction is also considered while ventilating. Therefore, the ventilation method is not suitable for ventilation in construction of the large-diameter ultra-deep shaft, and a ventilation and temperature reduction method for construction of the large-diameter ultra-deep shaft is necessary.

The prior patent number CN201210106819.7 discloses an energy-saving rapid construction method for a tunnel ventilation shaft, which solves the problem that the prior tunnel ventilation shaft adopts a positive shaft method for construction and has the defects. a. Measuring and positioning the position of a vertical shaft; b. reinforcing construction is carried out on the geology of the vertical shaft mouth, meanwhile, a vertical slag removal hole is dug downwards from the vertical shaft mouth, and the vertical slag removal hole is drilled from the tunnel main tunnel to the position of the vertical shaft to be communicated with the vertical slag removal hole; c. adopting a method of combining drilling and blasting to carry out shaft tunneling; d. after the vertical shaft is dug to a certain depth, performing second lining construction on the upper part of the vertical shaft, and synchronously performing the second lining construction and the vertical shaft construction; e. and installing a shaft ventilation device. In the prior art, although the air volume of the double-hard air duct press-in type ventilation can meet the ventilation requirement of digging and building construction of a large-diameter ultra-deep vertical shaft, the air pressure of a fan is difficult to meet the requirement due to the fact that the well depth exceeds 2000 meters, and meanwhile, the consumption of the air duct is large, and the hard air duct is difficult to install, so that the construction period of a project is prolonged; although the mixed ventilation can meet the ventilation requirement of the digging and building construction of the large-diameter extra-deep vertical shaft, the cooling requirement of the digging and building construction of the large-diameter extra-deep vertical shaft is hardly met. Therefore, both methods cannot be well satisfied in the construction scheme of the large-diameter ultra-deep shaft well.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention solves the technical problem in the background technology, meets the requirement of mine engineering development, and provides a method for ventilating and cooling in the construction of a large-diameter ultra-deep shaft.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: firstly, calculating the distance between the construction depth of a first section, a second section and a third section, wherein the construction depth of the first section is less than or equal to (L1+15) m, the construction depth of the second section is (L1+15) m-L2 m, and the construction depth of the third section is greater than or equal to L2 m; designing parameters of a fan, an air duct and a refrigerating unit, and selecting and purchasing the proper fan, air duct and refrigerating unit according to the parameters;

s2, constructing the first section, after a shaft is dug normally, installing a ground surface fan near a ground surface well mouth or a fan chamber, and installing a hard heat preservation air duct at the designed position of the shaft, wherein the position of the fan chamber is about 2m below the ground surface, the distance between the hard heat preservation air duct and the working surface is less than 10m, and the hard heat preservation air duct is connected with a colloid flame-retardant air duct within 40m from the working surface; the wind barrel continuously extends downwards along with the digging and building of the shaft, and simultaneously determines the opening degree of a surface fan motor according to the calculated air quantity required in the shaft, presses fresh air into an operation surface, and discharges dirty air out of the shaft;

s3, when the construction depth reaches the second section of construction depth, namely when the construction depth of the shaft reaches the shaft depth (L1+15) m, installing 1 counter-rotating fan at the position of the shaft depth L1, and connecting the fan drum with the counter-rotating fan by utilizing a wind drum arranged at the designed position of the shaft; the wind cone is gradually installed from the ground surface to the position of L1 downwards along with the construction of the shaft; the contra-rotating fan is always in a working state, dirty air is discharged to the ground surface, and the surface fan presses fresh air into a working surface;

and S4, when the construction depth reaches a third section of construction depth, namely when the construction depth of the shaft reaches L2, the temperature of the wet bulb of the working face at the depth is about to exceed 27 ℃, a set of refrigerating system is required to be installed near the surface fan, cold air produced by the refrigerating system is pressed into the working face by the surface fan through a heat-preservation air cylinder, dirty air is discharged to the surface by a counter-rotating fan at the position of the shaft depth L1, and the ventilation and cooling equipment is required to be in a working state until the construction of the shaft is finished.

As a further improvement of the invention, the L1 is a discontinuous number, namely, under the condition that the construction depth is continuously downward, the counter-rotating fan can move downward to a proper position and is connected with the wind barrel.

As a further improvement of the present invention, in S2, the opening degree of the surface fan motor is set to be in a state where the motor is only switched on for the second-stage motor or in a state where the first-stage motor and the second-stage motor are fully switched on.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the calculation of the distances L1 and L2 and the calculation of the required air volume and the design of the related equipment in S1 adopt the theory of "flocculation deformation" in the local ventilation theory.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. compared with the prior art, the design scheme adopts sectional type ventilation and cooling measures, and the ventilation and cooling structure is optimized, so that the ventilation and cooling cost can be reduced in the using process, and better economic benefit is brought into play; 2. compared with the prior art, the invention solves the problems of deep shaft, more blasting smoke, difficult discharge and high ground temperature in the ventilation and temperature reduction of the shaft construction of the large-diameter ultra-deep shaft, and creates a safe and comfortable working environment for the shaft construction of the large-diameter ultra-deep shaft; 3. compared with the prior art, the ventilation and cooling method has wider reference range, can be suitable for the ventilation and cooling requirements of other types of shaft shafts and tunnel construction, particularly the ventilation and cooling requirements of long-distance and high-temperature tunnel engineering construction, and only needs to modify related data; 4. compared with the prior art, the construction scheme provided by the invention is simple to implement, less in used equipment types, simple and easy to install, capable of effectively shortening the construction period, improving the construction efficiency and beneficial to reasonable allocation of resources.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of construction ventilation of a large-diameter ultra-deep shaft well in a section of 0 to (L1+15) m of well depth.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of ventilation in construction of a large-diameter ultra-deep shaft well bore at a well depth (L1+15) m-L2 m.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of construction ventilation of a large-diameter ultra-deep shaft well bore at a well depth exceeding L2 m.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a conventional ultra-deep shaft double-rigid air duct press-in type ventilation.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a conventional ultra-deep wellbore hybrid ventilation.

Shown in the figure: 1. the air conditioner comprises a surface fan, a counter-rotating fan, a refrigerating system, a hard air duct, a colloid flame-retardant air duct, a hard heat-preservation air duct, a fresh air duct, a dirty air duct and a cold air duct, wherein the hard heat-preservation air duct comprises 5 parts of the colloid flame-retardant air duct, 6 parts of the hard heat-preservation air duct, 7 parts of the air duct, 8 parts of fresh air, 9 parts of dirty air and 10 parts of cold air.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 3, the overall aeration cooling scheme: installing 1 surface fan 1 near a surface well mouth or a fan chamber (at a position about 2m below the surface), pressing fresh air 8 into an operation surface through 1 hard heat-preservation air cylinder 6, enabling the hard heat-preservation air cylinder 6 to be less than 10m away from the operation surface, connecting a colloid flame-retardant air cylinder 5 within 40m away from the operation surface, determining that the surface fan 1 is only opened with a second-stage motor or a first-stage motor and a second-stage motor are fully opened (the difference of the well depth or the difference of the air volume required for eliminating the blast smoke) according to the calculated air volume, and discharging dirty air 9 out of a shaft;

as shown in fig. 2, when a shaft is constructed to a well depth (L1+15) m (L1 is more than or equal to 1200m), 1 counter-rotating fan 2 is installed at a well depth L1 position (generally, a horse head door position), dirty air 9 is discharged to the ground surface through an air duct 7, the air duct 7 can be a hard air duct 4 or a colloid flame-retardant air duct 5, and fresh air 8 is pressed into a working surface by the ground surface fan 1;

as shown in fig. 3, when the shaft is constructed to a certain depth L2 (the wet bulb temperature of the working surface is about to exceed 27 ℃ by adopting the ventilation method at the depth), the cold air 10 produced by the refrigeration system 3 arranged on the ground surface is pressed into the working surface by the ground surface fan 1 through the heat insulation wind barrel, and the dirty air 9 is discharged to the ground surface by the counter-rotating fan 2 at the position of the well depth L1.

The specific working mode comprises the following steps: designing parameters such as a fan, an air duct, L1, L2, a refrigerating unit and the like according to related characteristics of a shaft, and purchasing the fan, the air duct and the refrigerating unit; step two: after a shaft is normally dug, 1 fan with a designed model is installed near a surface well mouth or in a fan chamber (about 2m below the surface), 1 hard heat-preservation air duct with a designed model is installed at the designed position of the shaft, the distance between the air duct and an operation surface is less than 10m, a colloid flame-retardant air duct is connected within 40m from the operation surface, the air duct continuously extends downwards along with the digging and building of the shaft, the fact that only a secondary motor or a primary motor and a secondary motor are fully opened is determined according to the calculated air quantity, fresh air is pressed into the operation surface, and dirty air is discharged out of the shaft; step three: when a shaft is constructed to the depth (L1+15) m, 1 fan with the designed model is installed at the position of the shaft depth L1, 1 wind tube with the designed model is installed at the designed position of the shaft (generally, the wind tube is gradually installed at the position of L1 downwards from the ground surface along with the construction of the shaft), the wind tube is connected with the fan, and the fan always works to discharge dirty wind to the ground surface; step four: when the shaft is constructed to a certain depth L2, a refrigeration system with a designed model is installed near the surface fan, cold fresh air made by the refrigeration system is pressed into the working surface by the surface fan through the heat preservation air duct, dirty air is discharged to the surface by the fan at the position of the shaft depth L1, and the ventilation and cooling equipment works until the shaft construction is finished.

Further improved, L1 is several discontinuous numbers, namely under the condition that the construction depth is constantly downward, the counter-rotating fan can move down to a proper position and is connected with the wind barrel. Different adjustments can be made according to different construction conditions and specific construction environments, and the dirty air can be effectively discharged, so that a good working environment is provided for workers under the working face.

Further improvement, the opening degree of the surface fan motor in the S2 is the state that the motor is only opened by the second-stage motor or the full opening state of the first-stage motor and the second-stage motor. The energy-saving environment-friendly energy-saving device is reasonably regulated and controlled according to the use condition, is favorable for saving electricity, meets the requirement of green development and reasonably allocates resources.

For further improvement, the theory of 'flocculation deformation' in the local ventilation theory is adopted in S1 for the calculation of distances L1 and L2, the calculation of required air volume, the design of related equipment and the like. The theory of local ventilation is the theoretical basis of the ventilation and temperature reduction method, and the Su Union B.H. Voronning doctor derives a formula (press-in ventilation and temperature reduction) for calculating the required air volume according to the explosive consumption of the working surface according to the theory of turbulent deformationQ in the formula-air volume required for working surface, m³Min; a-simultaneous blasting explosive quantity, kg; b-amount of carbon monoxide per kg of explosive, m³Per kg; s-net cross-sectional area of wellbore, m²(ii) a L is the depth of the shaft or the dilution safety length of the blasting smoke, and the depth of the shaft, m, is taken when the depth of the shaft is less than the dilution safety length of the blasting smoke; p_q-air inlet-outlet volume ratio of the air duct; c_p-carbon monoxideConcentration allowed value, b is 0.02%; t-ventilation time, min), is the theoretical basis of the method. The air quantity required by each blasting tunneling working face is calculated according to the gas or carbon dioxide emission quantity, explosive consumption, minimum air speed and the number of people on the working face, and the maximum value (which cannot exceed the maximum air speed requirement) among the calculated values is taken. The characteristics of the large-diameter ultra-deep vertical shaft determine that the required air volume calculated according to the explosive consumption is maximum, so that the required air volume of the working surface of the large-diameter ultra-deep vertical shaft is determined by the air volume calculated according to the explosive consumption, and A, b, S and P in a B.H. Woloning formula_q、C_pThe method is characterized in that the air quantity Q required by the working face is reduced only by increasing 1 counter-rotating fan at the position of the well depth L1(L1 is larger than or equal to 1200m), blasting smoke is discharged to the ground through an air duct, and the air quantity Q required by the working face is reduced by ensuring that the L is (the depth of a shaft-L1) m is smaller than or equal to (the depth of the shaft-1200) m.

The embodiment of the invention is an example of a ventilation implementation scheme of a large-diameter extremely deep vertical shaft to be constructed in a certain gold mine in China. The net diameter of the gold mine shaft is 10.5 meters, the well depth is 2005 meters, the temperature of rocks at 1200m is 36.8 ℃, the temperature of rocks at 1600m is 47.5 ℃, and the temperature of rocks at 2000m is 58.4 ℃.

Designing parameters and purchasing equipment and facilities: l1 ═ 1335m, L2 ═ 1500m (estimated and adjusted according to actual conditions), and each ventilation parameter is shown in the ventilation parameter table, the surface air blower 1 is an sdf (b) -no12.0-2 × 90kw-1480 counter-rotating air blower, the air blower 2 is an sdf (b) -no11.5-2 × 75kw-1480 counter-rotating air blower, the air duct 5 is a colloidal flame-retardant air duct with a diameter of phi 1200mm, the air duct 6 is a hard air duct with a diameter of phi 1200mm, the air duct 7 is a colloidal flame-retardant air duct with a diameter of phi 1200mm, and the refrigeration system 3 is designed and selected according to actual conditions when the shaft is constructed to a position with a well depth of 1300m or so.

Ventilation parameter table

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention provides a good and comfortable construction environment, can be suitable for different types of underground construction schemes, and has wider application range; and the construction period can be effectively shortened, the economic benefit is improved, and resources are reasonably allocated.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the protection scheme of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and various permutations, combinations and modifications can be made on the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the modifications are within the scope of the present invention.