阅读说明：本技术 斜井开挖方法 (Inclined shaft excavation method ) 是由 叶明� 任长春 何金星 张文辉 田树申 于钦盛 郑浩楠 于 2021-07-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种斜井开挖方法,包括导井导孔开挖、自下而上反井扩挖成导井、自上而下扩爆成斜井,自上而下扩爆成斜井时,开挖掌子面与斜井的圆形截面之间形成锐角,且开挖掌子面与斜井下内壁的交点位置靠近斜井导孔终孔；其中,导井导孔开挖包括导孔中心点的确定,导孔中心点的确定通过下式得出：L＝(0.95*w-(1)+1.0*w-(2)+1.07*w-(3)+1.2*w-(4)+1.35*w-(5))(R/3)；其中,L为导井导孔初始开挖面上导孔的中心点与斜井中心点的水平距离,R为斜井的开挖半径,w-(1)、w-(2)、w-(3)、w-(4)、w-(5)分别代表斜井中Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类围岩的体积百分占比。采用本方法开挖斜井,可大大减少人工扒渣量。(The invention discloses an inclined shaft excavation method, which comprises guide hole excavation of a guide shaft, reversed shaft excavation from bottom to top to form the guide shaft, and expanded explosion from top to bottom to form the inclined shaft, wherein when the inclined shaft is expanded and exploded from top to bottom, an acute angle is formed between an excavation face and a circular cross section of the inclined shaft, and the intersection point position of the excavation face and the lower inner wall of the inclined shaft is close to a final hole of the guide hole of the inclined shaft; wherein, pilot hole guide hole excavation includes the definite of guide hole central point, and the definite of guide hole central point is derived through the following formula: l ═ 0.95 × w 1 +1.0*w 2 +1.07*w 3 +1.2*w 4 +1.35*w 5 ) (R/3); wherein L is the center point of the guide hole on the initial excavation surface of the guide hole of the guide wellHorizontal distance from the central point of the inclined shaft, R is the excavation radius of the inclined shaft, w 1 、w 2 、w 3 、w 4 、w 5 Respectively represents the volume percentage of the I, II, III, IV and V surrounding rocks in the inclined shaft. The method for excavating the inclined shaft can greatly reduce the manual slag raking amount.)

1. The inclined shaft excavation method comprises guide hole excavation of a guide shaft, reversed shaft excavation from bottom to top to form the guide shaft and expanded explosion from top to bottom to form the inclined shaft, and is characterized in that in the process of expanding explosion from top to bottom to form the inclined shaft, an acute angle is formed between an excavation face and the circular cross section of the inclined shaft, and the intersection point of the excavation face and the lower inner wall of the inclined shaft is close to a final hole of the guide hole of the inclined shaft;

wherein, pilot hole guide hole excavation includes the definite of guide hole trompil central point, and the definite of guide hole trompil central point derives through the following formula: l ═ 0.95 × w₁+1.0*w₂+1.07*w₃+1.2*w₄+1.35*w₅) (R/3); wherein L is the horizontal distance between the center point of the guide hole on the initial excavation surface of the guide hole of the guide well and the center point of the inclined shaft, R is the excavation radius of the inclined shaft, and w is₁、w₂、w₃、w₄、w₅Respectively represents the volume percentage of the I, II, III, IV and V surrounding rocks in the inclined shaft.

2. The method of excavating an inclined shaft as claimed in claim 1, wherein said acute angle is 18-22 degrees.

3. The slant well excavation method of claim 1, wherein the pilot hole excavation further comprises determining a pilot hole excavation inclination angle, the determination of the pilot hole excavation inclination angle being derived by: θ ═ α - (0.34+0.0002 × h); wherein theta is the guide hole excavation inclination angle, alpha is the inclination angle of the inclined shaft, and h is the depth of the inclined shaft.

4. The slant well excavation method of claim 1, wherein in the process of expanding and exploding from top to bottom into the slant well, the expansion and explosion circulation footage is controlled to be 2.0-2.5 m.

5. The method for excavating the inclined shaft according to claim 1, wherein blast holes are formed by using YT-28 hand pneumatic drill holes in the process of expanding and blasting the inclined shaft from top to bottom, and the blast hole drill holes are arranged in parallel with the axis of the inclined shaft.

6. The slant well excavation method of claim 1, wherein a rail is laid on an inner wall of the slant well, and in the process of expanding and blasting from top to bottom into the slant well, construction of a working face is assisted by a drilling and blasting trolley which runs along the rail, and the drilling and blasting trolley comprises:

the bottom of the base is provided with wheels;

the mounting frame is hinged with one end of the base and swings in the left-right direction; the mounting frame comprises a pair of stand columns, the bottoms of the stand columns are hinged with the mounting frame, a support frame is connected between the stand columns in a sliding mode, and the support frame is controlled to lift through a jack; the supporting frame comprises a pair of vertical sliding rods and a plurality of mounting rods arranged between the pair of vertical sliding rods, two ends of each mounting rod are fixedly connected with the corresponding vertical rod, the pair of vertical sliding rods correspond to the pair of upright posts, and the vertical sliding rods are connected with the corresponding upright posts in a sliding manner;

the construction platform is arranged in a space clamped by the base and the mounting frame, and comprises a plurality of construction layers with gradually decreasing areas from top to bottom, and each construction layer corresponds to one mounting rod; one end of each construction layer is hinged with the base, and the other end of each construction layer is detachably connected with the corresponding mounting rod; the length of the construction layer is adjustable;

wherein, the both sides border on one of them construction layer in a plurality of construction layers all is equipped with the pulley, the pulley passes through wire rope and is connected with the hoist engine for control bores and explodes platform truck and follow the track walking.

7. The slant entry excavating method of claim 6 wherein said number of construction layers is three.

8. The slant well excavating method of claim 6 wherein said construction layer comprises a plurality of fixed cross bars and a plurality of telescopic cross bars, each telescopic cross bar is sleeved in one fixed cross bar, and the fixed cross bars are fixedly connected with the telescopic cross bars through bolts; and the fixed cross rods and the telescopic cross rods are fixedly connected with a plurality of fixed longitudinal rods.

9. The slant entry excavating method of claim 6 wherein a pair of hydraulic cylinders are fixed to the base, each of the columns has a slide block that slides in an up-and-down direction, a pair of hydraulic rods corresponds to a pair of slide blocks, and the telescopic ends of the hydraulic cylinders are hinged to the corresponding slide blocks.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of inclined shaft construction. More particularly, the present invention relates to a slant well excavation method.

Background

The inclined shaft excavation is a construction process of underground inclined shaft excavation. Inclined shaft excavation is commonly applied to ventilation shafts, outlet shafts, drainage shafts, pressure pipelines, transportation shafts of hydropower stations and inclined branch holes for tunnel construction, generally adopts a drilling blasting method for construction, and comprises full-face excavation and reverse pilot shaft expanding excavation. The reverse pilot shaft expanding excavation is suitable for a large-section inclined shaft with a larger inclination angle and a channel underground, the inclined pilot shaft is excavated by adopting a method of drilling a reverse shaft from bottom to top according to the stable condition of surrounding rocks, and then the inclined shaft is expanded and excavated from top to bottom. In the prior art, when the inclined shaft excavation is carried out by using a reverse pilot shaft expanding excavation method, the excavation face is close to the horizontal setting, a small part of stone slag generated by blasting automatically falls into the pilot shaft, the large part of stone slag falls onto the excavation face, the stone slag is manually raked into the pilot shaft by workers, then the stone slag is loaded by a loader, the slag is discharged by a dump truck, and the operation makes the workload of raking the slag by the workers large.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide an inclined shaft excavation method, which can ensure the blasting effect and simultaneously enable most of the ballast generated during the blasting process to automatically slide into the guide shaft by determining the central point of the guide hole opening of the guide shaft, and then enabling the excavation face and the circular cross section of the inclined shaft to form an acute angle, thereby greatly reducing the amount of manual ballast removal, and having simple operation and strong practicability.

In order to achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided an inclined shaft excavation method, comprising pilot hole excavation, bottom-up reverse hole expanding excavation into pilot hole, top-down expanding blasting into inclined shaft, wherein during the top-down expanding blasting into inclined shaft, an acute angle is formed between an excavation face and a circular cross section of the inclined shaft, and a crossing point of the excavation face and a lower inner wall of the inclined shaft is located close to a final hole of the pilot hole of the inclined shaft;

wherein, pilot hole guide hole excavation includes the definite of guide hole trompil central point, and the definite of guide hole trompil central point derives through the following formula: l ═ 0.95 × w₁+1.0*w₂+1.07*w₃+1.2*w₄+1.35*w₅) (R/3); wherein L is the horizontal distance between the center point of the guide hole on the initial excavation surface of the guide hole of the guide well and the center point of the inclined shaft, R is the excavation radius of the inclined shaft, and w is₁、w₂、w₃、w₄、w₅Respectively represents the volume percentage of the I, II, III, IV and V surrounding rocks in the inclined shaft.

Preferably, the acute angle is 18-22 degrees.

Preferably, the pilot hole excavation further comprises determining a pilot hole excavation inclination angle, the determination of the pilot hole excavation inclination angle being obtained by the following formula: θ ═ α - (0.34+0.0002 × h); wherein theta is the guide hole excavation inclination angle, alpha is the inclination angle of the inclined shaft, and h is the depth of the inclined shaft.

Preferably, in the process of expanding and exploding from top to bottom into the inclined shaft, the expansion and explosion circulating footage is controlled according to 2.0-2.5 m.

Preferably, in the process of expanding and exploding the blast holes into the inclined shaft from top to bottom, YT-28 hand pneumatic drill holes are adopted to drill the blast holes, and the blast hole drill holes are arranged in parallel to the axis of the inclined shaft.

Preferably, the inclined shaft inner wall upper berth is equipped with the track, expands to explode into the in-process of inclined shaft from top to bottom, adopts along the drilling and blasting platform truck of track walking assists the construction of carrying out the face, the drilling and blasting platform truck includes:

the bottom of the base is provided with wheels;

the mounting frame is hinged with one end of the base and swings in the left-right direction; the mounting frame comprises a pair of stand columns, the bottoms of the stand columns are hinged with the mounting frame, a support frame is connected between the stand columns in a sliding mode, and the support frame is controlled to lift through a jack; the supporting frame comprises a pair of vertical sliding rods and a plurality of mounting rods arranged between the pair of vertical sliding rods, two ends of each mounting rod are fixedly connected with the corresponding vertical rod, the pair of vertical sliding rods correspond to the pair of upright posts, and the vertical sliding rods are connected with the corresponding upright posts in a sliding manner;

the construction platform is arranged in a space clamped by the base and the mounting frame, and comprises a plurality of construction layers with gradually decreasing areas from top to bottom, and each construction layer corresponds to one mounting rod; one end of each construction layer is hinged with the base, and the other end of each construction layer is detachably connected with the corresponding mounting rod; the length of the construction layer is adjustable;

wherein, the both sides border on one of them construction layer in a plurality of construction layers all is equipped with the pulley, the pulley passes through wire rope and is connected with the hoist engine for control bores and explodes platform truck and follow the track walking.

Preferably, the number of the construction layers is three.

Preferably, the construction layer comprises a plurality of fixed cross rods and a plurality of telescopic cross rods, the number of the fixed cross rods is the same, each telescopic cross rod is sleeved in one fixed cross rod, and the fixed cross rods are fixedly connected with the telescopic cross rods through bolts; and the fixed cross rods and the telescopic cross rods are fixedly connected with a plurality of fixed longitudinal rods.

Preferably, a pair of hydraulic cylinders is fixedly connected to the base, a sliding block which slides along the vertical direction is arranged on each upright, a pair of hydraulic rods corresponds to a pair of sliding blocks, and the telescopic ends of the hydraulic cylinders are hinged to the corresponding sliding blocks.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:

according to different surrounding rock types, theoretical analysis and experimental research are carried out to obtain a distance formula for determining the center point of the guide hole of the pilot shaft and the center point of the inclined shaft, the center point of the guide hole of the pilot shaft can be determined according to the center point of the inclined shaft at the beginning of excavation, the included angle between the excavation face and the circular section of the inclined shaft is an acute angle in the process of expanding and blasting the guide shaft from top to bottom after the guide hole of the pilot shaft is excavated and the guide shaft is expanded and dug from bottom to top in a reverse mode, so that most of stone slag generated in the ground expanding and blasting process can directly slide into the pilot shaft while the blasting effect is ensured, and the manual slag raking amount can be greatly reduced.

Secondly, theoretical analysis calculation and experimental research are carried out according to factors such as the rock condition of the inclined shaft, the material and the rigidity of the drill hole of the raise boring machine, the well depth of the inclined shaft and the like, a calculation formula of the opening inclination angle of the pilot hole is obtained, the pilot hole can be prevented from deviating from the designed final hole position in the opening process, the deflection rate of the opening of the pilot hole can be controlled within an error range, and the accuracy of the final hole position of the pilot hole is ensured.

Thirdly, in the process of expanding and blasting from top to bottom into the inclined shaft, the drilling and blasting trolley is adopted to assist in construction of excavating the tunnel face, wherein the drilling and blasting trolley is controlled to run along the track by designing the track, the base, the mounting frame, the plurality of construction layers, the pulleys, the steel wire rope and the winch, the winch controls the drilling and blasting trolley to move along the track, and the support frame can be controlled to lift according to different inclined angles of the inclined shaft by adjusting an included angle between the mounting frame and the base, so that the construction layers are horizontal, construction personnel can conveniently stand for construction, the mounting frame can be attached to the excavated tunnel face in the construction process, construction is facilitated, and construction efficiency is improved.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of an inclined shaft during excavation of the inclined shaft according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a drilling and blasting trolley located in a slant well according to one technical scheme of the invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a drilling and blasting trolley according to one technical scheme of the invention;

fig. 4 is a front view of the mounting bracket according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a construction layer according to one embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the support frame according to one embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a typical sectional hole layout diagram of the excavation face of the inclined shaft according to one technical scheme of the invention.

Reference numerals: 1-inclined shaft; 2-a base; 3-a steel wire rope; 4-a pulley; 5-vehicle wheels; 6-orbit; 7-a mounting frame; 8-one layer of platform; 9-two-layer platform; 10-three-layer platform; 11-a hydraulic cylinder; 12-a fixation rod; 13-fixing the longitudinal rod; 15-telescopic cross bar; 16-a fixed cross bar; 17-a jack; 18-upright post; 19-three layers of mounting rods; 20-two layers of mounting rods; 21-one layer of mounting rods; 22-leading a well; 23-blast hole; 24-excavating a tunnel face; 25-construction space.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.

As shown in fig. 1-7, the invention discloses an inclined shaft 1 excavation method, which comprises guide hole excavation of a guide shaft 22, expanding excavation of a guide shaft 22 from bottom to top in a reverse well, expanding explosion of the guide shaft from top to bottom to form an inclined shaft 1, wherein in the process of expanding explosion of the guide shaft 1 from top to bottom, an acute angle is formed between an excavation face 24 and a circular cross section of the inclined shaft 1, and the intersection point position of the excavation face 24 and the lower inner wall of the inclined shaft 1 is close to a guide hole final hole of the inclined shaft 1;

wherein, pilot 22 pilot hole excavation includes the determination of the pilot hole opening center point, which is derived by the following equation: l ═ 0.95 × w₁+1.0*w₂+1.07*w₃+1.2*w₄+1.35*w₅) (R/3); wherein L is the horizontal distance between the center point of the guide hole on the initial excavation surface of the guide hole of the guide shaft 22 and the center point of the inclined shaft 1, R is the excavation radius of the inclined shaft 1, and w is₁、w₂、w₃、w₄、w₅Respectively represents the volume percentage of the I, II, III, IV and V surrounding rocks in the inclined shaft 1.

In the technical scheme, an acute angle is formed between the excavation face surface 24 and the circular section of the inclined shaft 1, and the intersection point of the excavation face surface 24 and the lower inner wall of the inclined shaft 1 is close to the final hole of the guide hole of the inclined shaft 1, namely, the excavation face surface 24 is opposite to the guide hole of the inclined shaft 1The circular section of the inclined shaft 1 is obliquely arranged, as shown in figure 1, an excavation face 24 and the inner wall of the inclined shaft 1 form a construction space 25 with a side as a positive V shape, so that slag sliding is facilitated; l ═ 0.95 × w₁+1.0*w₂+1.07*w₃+1.2*w₄+1.35*w₅) (R/3) wherein w₁、w₂、w₃、w₄、w₅The numerical value of (1) is obtained through geological survey, belongs to data which can be easily obtained by technicians in the field, and L represents the horizontal distance between the center point of the guide hole of the guide well 22 and the center point of the inclined shaft 1 when the guide hole of the guide well 22 is excavated; when the inclined shaft 1 is excavated, the construction methods of guiding hole excavation of the pilot shaft 22, reverse shaft expanding excavation from bottom to top to form the pilot shaft 22 and top to bottom expanding explosion to form the inclined shaft 1 all belong to the conventional operation of the technicians in the field;

in the technical scheme, in the using process, firstly, the volume percentage ratio of various kinds of surrounding rocks in the surrounding rocks of the inclined shaft 1 is obtained according to the geological survey result to obtain w₁、w₂、w₃、w₄、w₅Numerical values, then according to the formula L ═ (0.95 × w)₁+1.0*w₂+1.07*w₃+1.2*w₄+1.35*w₅) (R/3) calculating to obtain an L value under the condition of the known excavation radius of the inclined shaft 1, then determining the specific position of the pilot hole of the pilot shaft 22 after the neutral point of the inclined shaft 1 is known according to a design drawing, and performing pilot hole opening of the pilot shaft 22 according to the determined position;

by adopting the technical scheme, the distance formula for determining the center point of the guide hole of the pilot shaft 22 and the center point of the inclined shaft 1 is obtained through theoretical analysis and experimental research according to different surrounding rock types, the center point of the guide hole of the pilot shaft 22 can be determined according to the center point of the inclined shaft 1 at the beginning of excavation, the included angle between the excavation face 24 and the circular section of the inclined shaft 1 is an acute angle in the process of expanding and exploding the excavation face 24 into the inclined shaft 1 from top to bottom after the guide hole of the pilot shaft 22 is excavated and the pilot shaft 22 is expanded and excavated from bottom to top in a reverse well, so that most of stone slag generated in the ground expanding and exploding process can directly slide into the pilot shaft 22 while the blasting effect is ensured, and the manual slag raking amount can be greatly reduced.

In another technical scheme, the acute angle is 18-22 degrees; by adopting the technical scheme, the beneficial effects are that the acute angle is designed to be 18-22 degrees, and in the angle range, in the process of expanding and blasting from top to bottom into the inclined shaft 1, the rock ballast after the blasting of the excavated face 24 can better slide into the guide shaft 22, so that the manual slag raking amount is reduced.

In another embodiment, the guiding hole excavation of the guiding well 22 further includes determining a guiding hole excavation inclination angle, which is determined according to the following formula: θ ═ α - (0.34+0.0002 × h); wherein theta is a guide hole excavation inclination angle, alpha is an inclination angle of the inclined shaft 1, and h is the depth of the inclined shaft 1; by adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that theoretical analysis calculation and experimental research are carried out according to factors such as the rock condition of the inclined shaft 1, the material and the rigidity of the drill hole of the raise boring machine, the well depth of the inclined shaft 1 and the like, so that the calculation formula of the opening inclination angle of the guide hole 22 of the guide shaft is obtained, the guide hole 22 of the guide shaft can be prevented from deviating from the designed final hole position in the opening process, the deflection rate of the opening of the guide hole 22 of the guide shaft is controlled within the error range, and the accuracy of the final hole position of the guide hole 22 of the guide shaft is ensured.

In another technical scheme, in the process of expanding and exploding the inclined shaft 1 from top to bottom, the expansion and explosion circulating footage is controlled according to 2.0-2.5m, and the expansion and explosion operation is an operation method well known by the technical personnel in the field; by adopting the technical scheme, the method has the beneficial effect that the probability of well plugging of the pilot well 22 can be reduced by controlling the expansion and explosion circulation footage to be 2.0-2.5 m.

In another technical scheme, in the process of expanding and exploding the inclined shaft 1 from top to bottom, YT-28 hand air drill is adopted to drill holes to form blast holes 23, and the drilled holes of the blast holes 23 are arranged in parallel to the axis of the inclined shaft 1; by adopting the technical scheme, the beneficial effects are that the design is favorable for improving the blasting effect and ensuring that the inclined shaft 1 is smoothly excavated.

In another technical scheme, a track 6 is laid on the inner wall of the inclined shaft 1, in the process of expanding and blasting from top to bottom into the inclined shaft 1, a drilling and blasting trolley which runs along the track 6 is adopted to assist in construction of a tunnel face, and the drilling and blasting trolley comprises:

the device comprises a base 2, wherein wheels 5 are arranged at the bottom of the base 2;

the mounting frame 7 is hinged with one end of the base 2, and the mounting frame 7 swings in the left-right direction; the mounting frame 7 comprises a pair of upright posts 18, the bottoms of the upright posts 18 are hinged with the mounting frame 7, a support frame is connected between the upright posts 18 in a sliding manner, and the support frame is controlled to lift through a jack 17; the supporting frame comprises a pair of vertical sliding rods and a plurality of mounting rods arranged between the pair of vertical sliding rods, two ends of each mounting rod are fixedly connected with the corresponding vertical rod, the pair of vertical sliding rods correspond to the pair of upright posts 18, and the vertical sliding rods are slidably connected with the corresponding upright posts 18;

the construction platform is arranged in a space clamped by the base 2 and the mounting frame 7, and comprises a plurality of construction layers with gradually decreasing areas from top to bottom, and each construction layer corresponds to one mounting rod; one end of each construction layer is hinged with the base 2, and the other end of each construction layer is detachably connected with the corresponding mounting rod; the length of the construction layer is adjustable;

pulleys 4 are arranged on two side edges of one of the construction layers, and the pulleys 4 are connected with a winch through a steel wire rope 3 and used for controlling the drilling and blasting trolley to travel along a rail 6;

specifically, the track 6 is laid in time along with the expansion of the inclined shaft 1; the opposite side surfaces of the upright posts 18 are provided with sliding grooves, the vertical sliding rods are matched with the sliding grooves, the specific mode that the lifting of the support frame is controlled through the jacks 17 is that a support rod is arranged between a pair of upright posts 18, two ends of the support rod are fixedly connected with the upright posts 18 respectively, the support rod is positioned below the mounting rod at the lowest part, at least two jacks 17 are arranged between the mounting rod at the lowest part and the support rod, the telescopic ends of the jacks 17 are fixedly connected with the bottom of the mounting rod at the lowest part, the other ends of the jacks are fixedly connected with the support rod, and when the telescopic ends of the jacks 17 are telescopic, the support frame can be driven to lift; one end of the construction layer is detachably connected with the corresponding mounting rod through screw connection;

in the technical scheme, in the using process, each construction layer is firstly turned over to the side of the base 2, the included angle between the mounting frame 7 and the base 2 is adjusted, then the mounting frame 7 and the base 2 are fixed by using the fixing rods 12, then each construction layer is placed on the corresponding mounting rod, the jack 17 is adjusted to enable each construction layer to be horizontal, then adjusting the length of the construction layer to meet the requirement, finally, screwing and fixing the construction layer and the corresponding mounting rod, the drilling and blasting trolley is formed, during construction, the steel wire rope 3 is pulled by the two winches to pass through the pulley 4, the wheel 5 runs on the track 6 to the position of the excavated tunnel face 24, the two sides of the drilling and blasting trolley are locked and fixed by the steel wire rope, then, sealing the pilot shaft 22 by using an external sealing plate, drilling and blasting personnel drill holes on each construction layer, and lifting the drilling and blasting trolley to be far away from the excavation face 24 during blasting operation;

by adopting the technical scheme, the construction of excavating the face 24 is assisted by the drilling and blasting trolley in the process of expanding and blasting the inclined shaft 1 from top to bottom, wherein the drilling and blasting trolley is designed to run along the track 6 through the track 6, the base 2, the mounting frame 7, the construction layers, the pulley 4, the steel wire rope 3 and the winch, the winch controls the drilling and blasting trolley to run along the track 6, and the support frame can be controlled to lift to level the construction layers through adjusting the included angle between the mounting frame 7 and the base 2 according to different inclination angles of the inclined shaft 1 on one hand, and on the other hand, the mounting frame 7 can be attached to the excavating face 24 in the construction process, so that the construction is convenient, and the construction efficiency is improved.

In another technical scheme, the number of the construction layers is three, specifically, the construction layers are a first layer platform 8, a second layer platform 9 and a third layer platform 10 from bottom to top in sequence, correspondingly, the number of the installation rods is three, and the first layer installation rod 21, the second layer installation rod 20 and the third layer installation rod 19 are respectively arranged on the construction layers, through designing the three construction layers, the constructors can drill blast holes 23 at different heights according to a designed section hole distribution diagram, the third layer platform 10 is used for drilling upper peripheral holes and other blast holes 23, the second layer platform 9 is used for drilling middle peripheral holes and other blast holes 23, and the first layer platform 8 is used for drilling lower peripheral holes and other blast holes 23, so that the construction efficiency is improved; by adopting the technical scheme, the three construction layers are designed, so that the peripheral holes and other blast holes 23 can be drilled by the workers at different heights of the section of the inclined shaft 1 according to the section expanding excavation blasting cloth hole pattern of the inclined shaft 1, and the construction efficiency is effectively improved.

In another technical scheme, the construction layer comprises a plurality of fixed cross rods 16 and a plurality of telescopic cross rods 15 which are the same in number, each telescopic cross rod 15 is sleeved in one fixed cross rod 16, and the fixed cross rods 16 are fixedly connected with the telescopic cross rods 15 through bolts; a plurality of fixed longitudinal rods 13 are fixedly connected to the fixed cross rod 16 and the telescopic cross rod 15; specifically, one end of the fixed cross bar 16 is hollow, the telescopic cross bar 15 is sleeved in the fixed cross bar 16, a plurality of identical through internal thread holes are formed in the fixed cross bar 16 and the telescopic cross bar 15, the fixed cross bar 16 is fixedly connected with the telescopic cross bar 15 through bolts, and a plurality of fixed longitudinal bars 13 are fixedly connected to the fixed cross bar 16 and the telescopic cross bar 15 and used for reinforcing a construction layer; when the drilling and blasting trolley is assembled, after an included angle between the mounting frame 7 and the base 2 is determined, the construction layer is firstly adjusted to be horizontal, then the length of the construction layer meets the requirement by adjusting the relative displacement of the telescopic cross rod 15 on the fixed cross rod 16, and then one end, close to the mounting frame 7, of the construction layer is mounted on the corresponding mounting rod; adopt this technical scheme, the beneficial effect who obtains is through designing fixed horizontal pole 16, fixed vertical pole 13, flexible horizontal pole 15, provides the construction layer that conveniently acquires raw and other materials and conveniently assemble, but field assembly, and the practicality is strong.

In another technical scheme, a pair of hydraulic cylinders 11 is fixedly connected to the base 2, a slide block which slides along the up-down direction is arranged on each upright post 18, a pair of hydraulic rods corresponds to a pair of slide blocks, and the telescopic ends of the hydraulic cylinders 11 are hinged with the corresponding slide blocks; specifically, the upright post 18 is provided with corresponding sliding grooves, the sliding grooves are matched with the sliding blocks, when the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 11 is stretched, the mounting frame 7 can be pushed to swing left and right, and after an included angle between the mounting frame 7 and the base 2 is determined, the mounting frame 7 and the base 2 are connected firmly by using the fixing rod 12; by adopting the technical scheme, the obtained beneficial effects are that the included angle between the mounting frame 7 and the base 2 can be controlled by controlling the extension and retraction of the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 11, and the adjustment is convenient.

< example 1>

The invention discloses an inclined shaft 1 excavation method, wherein the inclined angle of an inclined shaft is 50 degrees, the depth of the inclined shaft is 308 meters, the excavation radius of the inclined shaft is 4.2 meters, the diameter of a pilot shaft is 2.4 meters, and the category of surrounding rock of the inclined shaft is III; the inclined shaft excavation comprises the following steps:

s1, determining the position of the center point of the guide hole opening of the guide well: according to the formula L ═ (0.95 ═ w₁+1.0*w₂+1.07*w₃+1.2*w₄+1.35*w₅) (R/3) calculating to obtain that L is 1.07 x (4.2/3) is 1.5 meters, namely the L is used as the central point of guide hole excavation of the guide shaft at a position 1.5 meters below the central point of the inclined shaft;

s2, determining the inclination angle of the pilot hole opening: an aperture inclination angle of 49.6 ° was calculated from θ ═ α - (0.34+0.0002 × h);

s3, guiding and excavating: according to the determined center point of the guide hole of the guide well and the inclination angle of the hole, a raise boring machine is used for firstly drilling the guide hole from top to bottom, then a drill bit is replaced, and the guide well is formed by reversely expanding and digging from bottom to top;

s4, inclined shaft excavation: designing a section hole distribution diagram according to a construction face of the inclined shaft, wherein in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, an included angle between the construction face and the circular section of the inclined shaft is 18-22 degrees, and construction is performed by adopting a method of forming the inclined shaft by expanding explosion from top to bottom; in order to reduce the probability of well plugging of a guide well, the expanding excavation blasting circulation feed ruler is controlled according to 2.0-2.5m, and YT-28 hand air drill is adopted to drill holes to form blast holes, and the blast hole drill holes are arranged in parallel to the axis of the inclined shaft; the hole diameter of the drill hole is phi 42mm, the blasting caving hole is drilled in the middle, blasting light explosion holes are drilled at the periphery, the caving holes are arranged at equal intervals, the ratio of the minimum resistance line to the hole distance is controlled to be 1.0-1.2, the hole distance of the light explosion holes is controlled by (10-15) d, the hole diameter is about 50cm, and the ratio of the minimum resistance line to the hole distance is controlled to be 1.0-1.3; the collapse hole adopts a medicinal roll with the diameter of 32mm, and the charge coefficient is 0.5-0.8; in order to ensure the light explosion effect, a explosive roll with the diameter of 32mm is adopted in the peripheral holes, and the loading capacity is not more than 200 g/m; the length of the plugged blast hole is generally between (0.7-1.0) resistance lines and is not less than 50cm, and the plugging material is a uniform mixture of yellow mud and sand; the blasting adopts non-electric millisecond plastic detonating tubes to form a blasting network in series and parallel connection to realize the differential blasting and the electromagnetic detonator to detonate;

in the construction process, the hole sites and the directions of the peripheral light blasting holes are accurately marked by adopting an infrared laser positioning technology for accurate lofting; all the peripheral holes are drilled on the designed contour line, the drilled holes are slightly inclined outwards by 2-3 degrees, the drilling direction is controlled by adopting an inclinometer in the drilling process, the drilled holes are ensured to be parallel, and the bottoms of the blasting holes fall on the same elevation; typical section expanding excavation blasting design parameters of the inclined shaft are shown in a table 1;

the inclined shaft inner wall upper berth is equipped with track 6, expands to explode into the in-process of inclined shaft 1 at top-down, adopts along the drilling that track 6 walked explodes the platform truck and assist the construction of carrying out the face, the drilling explodes the platform truck and includes:

the device comprises a base 2, wherein wheels 5 are arranged at the bottom of the base 2;

the mounting frame 7 is hinged with one end of the base 2, and the mounting frame 7 swings in the left-right direction; the mounting frame 7 comprises a pair of upright posts 18, the bottoms of the upright posts 18 are hinged with the mounting frame 7, a support frame is connected between the upright posts 18 in a sliding manner, and the support frame is controlled to lift through a jack 17; the supporting frame comprises a pair of vertical sliding rods and a plurality of mounting rods arranged between the pair of vertical sliding rods, two ends of each mounting rod are fixedly connected with the corresponding vertical rod, the pair of vertical sliding rods correspond to the pair of upright posts 18, and the vertical sliding rods are slidably connected with the corresponding upright posts 18;

the construction platform is arranged in a space clamped by the base 2 and the mounting frame 7, and comprises a plurality of construction layers with gradually decreasing areas from top to bottom, and each construction layer corresponds to one mounting rod; one end of each construction layer is hinged with the base 2, and the other end of each construction layer is detachably connected with the corresponding mounting rod; the length of the construction layer is adjustable;

pulleys 4 are arranged on two side edges of one of the construction layers, and the pulleys 4 are connected with a winch through a steel wire rope 3 and used for controlling the drilling and blasting trolley to travel along a rail 6;

specifically, the track 6 is laid in time along with the expansion of the inclined shaft 1; the opposite side surfaces of the upright posts 18 are provided with sliding grooves, the vertical sliding rods are matched with the sliding grooves, the specific mode that the lifting of the support frame is controlled through the jacks 17 is that a support rod is arranged between a pair of upright posts 18, two ends of the support rod are fixedly connected with the upright posts 18 respectively, the support rod is positioned below the mounting rod at the lowest part, at least two jacks 17 are arranged between the mounting rod at the lowest part and the support rod, the telescopic ends of the jacks 17 are fixedly connected with the bottom of the mounting rod at the lowest part, the other ends of the jacks are fixedly connected with the support rod, and when the telescopic ends of the jacks 17 are telescopic, the support frame can be driven to lift; one end of the construction layer is detachably connected with the corresponding mounting rod through screw connection;

when the drilling and blasting trolley is adopted for construction, firstly, the angle between the mounting frame 7 and the base 2 is adjusted according to the design angle, then the construction layer is adjusted to be horizontal, and finally the drilling and blasting trolley is assembled; in the construction process, the mounting frame 7 of the drilling and blasting trolley is attached to the excavation face 24.

TABLE 1 inclined shaft typical section expanding excavation blasting design parameter table

The inclined shaft guide hole deflection rate in the embodiment is 0.35%, two thirds of the ballast generated by blasting automatically slides into the guide shaft in the process of forming the inclined shaft by expanding and blasting from top to bottom, so that the manual slag raking amount in the inclined shaft excavation process is greatly reduced, and the construction efficiency is high.

While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.