Supercritical temperature steam turbine and use method thereof
阅读说明：本技术 一种超临界温度汽轮机及使用方法 (Supercritical temperature steam turbine and use method thereof ) 是由 翁志远 于 2019-03-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明实施例提供一种超临界温度汽轮机及使用方法,属于汽轮机和蒸汽透平设备的技术领域。为能提高该发电系统的有效热效率,本发明实施例提供的超临界温度汽轮机主蒸汽管道输入的蒸汽,温度明显高于水临界温度；所述超临界温度汽轮机排气管道输出的乏汽,温度必须达到水的临界温度；所述超临界温度汽轮机设备的工况区,始终都在水的临界温度以上。所述超临界温度汽轮机的排气管道连接乏汽回热器,用水泵输出的冷水冷凝高温乏汽,从而提高系统的有效热效率；另外,本发明实施例还提供一种采用缸体轴端密封的技术,以解决汽轮机或者膨胀机等旋转机械设备转轴两端泄漏的技术难题；所述汽轮机具有结构紧凑、体积小、成本低、扭矩力大等优势。(The embodiment of the invention provides a supercritical temperature steam turbine and a using method thereof, belonging to the technical field of steam turbines and steam turbine equipment. In order to improve the effective thermal efficiency of the power generation system, the temperature of the steam input by the main steam pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine provided by the embodiment of the invention is obviously higher than the water critical temperature; the temperature of the dead steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine must reach the critical temperature of water; the working condition area of the supercritical temperature steam turbine equipment is always above the critical temperature of water. An exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine is connected with a waste steam heat regenerator, and cold water output by a water pump is used for condensing high-temperature waste steam, so that the effective thermal efficiency of the system is improved; in addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a technology adopting cylinder body shaft end sealing, so as to solve the technical problem of leakage at two ends of a rotating shaft of rotating mechanical equipment such as a steam turbine or an expander and the like; the steam turbine has the advantages of compact structure, small size, low cost, large torque force and the like.)
1. A supercritical temperature steam turbine and its application method, wherein, the high-pressure main steam that the main steam pipeline of the said supercritical temperature steam turbine inputs, the temperature must obviously be higher than the critical temperature of the water; the temperature of the dead steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine must reach or be slightly higher than the critical temperature of water; the working condition area of the supercritical temperature steam turbine always operates above the critical temperature of water;
the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine is connected with a waste steam heat regenerator, so that low-temperature cold water output by a water pump condenses high-temperature waste steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine;
the supercritical temperature steam turbine applies work by utilizing enthalpy difference between high-temperature main steam temperature energy which is input by a main steam pipeline and is obviously higher than the critical temperature of water and high-temperature exhaust steam which is output by a steam turbine exhaust pipeline and has the temperature reaching the critical temperature of water;
the supercritical temperature steam turbine belongs to a rotary power machine which converts steam energy into mechanical work, is also called a steam turbine, and comprises but is not limited to a steam turbine, a pneumatic machine, an expander, a steam turbine and a turbine expander.
2. The supercritical temperature steam turbine and method of use according to claim 1 wherein the steam pressure input to the main steam line of the supercritical temperature steam turbine needs to be lower than the critical pressure of water; the exhaust steam pressure output by the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine needs to be greater than or equal to the standard atmospheric pressure; the working condition area and the operation area of the supercritical temperature steam turbine are superheat areas above the critical temperature of water.
3. The supercritical temperature steam turbine according to claim 1 further comprising a cylinder gland seal system, said supercritical temperature steam turbine being divided into an equipment input, an equipment body, and an equipment output; the supercritical steam turbine is composed of a static part and a rotating part; the cylinder body shaft seal system comprises an input end shaft seal system and an output end shaft seal system;
the input end shaft seal system of the supercritical steam turbine comprises an input end cylinder body, an input end bearing, a bearing seat, an input end rotating shaft and a main steam pipeline; the input end bearing and the bearing seat comprise a support bearing and a thrust bearing;
a heat insulation shell is arranged outside the input end bearing and the bearing seat; the insulated shell is divided into an upper insulated shell and a lower insulated shell; the lower heat insulation shell is arranged in the lower cylinder at the position of the input end bearing and the bearing seat and is tightly combined with the lower cylinder body; the input end bearing and the bearing seat are arranged in the lower heat insulation shell in the lower cylinder;
the lower heat insulation shell and the upper heat insulation shell are provided with flanges, and the lower heat insulation shell and the inner cavity of the upper heat insulation shell form a closed heat insulation space through the fastening of the flanges and bolts; the input end rotating shaft, the input end bearing and the bearing seat and lubricating oil are sealed in the heat insulation space of the heat insulation shell; the heat insulation shell wraps the contact position of the input end rotating shaft and is provided with a heat insulation shell seal, and the heat insulation shell seal prevents bearing lubricating oil in the heat insulation shell from leaking outwards from the heat insulation shell seal.
4. The supercritical temperature steam turbine according to claim 3 wherein the upper and lower insulating casings of the insulating casing are fastened together by the flange and the bolt, and a closed insulating space is formed inside the insulating casing, and a lubricating oil injection hole is provided at the top of the upper insulating casing to inject lubricating oil into the insulating space between the bearing and the bearing housing;
the heat insulation shell also comprises a lubricating oil output pipeline, a lubricating oil filter, a lubricating oil cooler and a lubricating oil pump which are connected with the heat insulation shell; the low-temperature high-pressure lubricating oil output by the lubricating oil pump is conveyed to the bearing and the bearing seat in the heat insulation shell through a lubricating oil input pipeline;
the lubricating oil filter, the lubricating oil cooler and the lubricating oil pump are arranged outside a cylinder body of the supercritical temperature steam turbine; or the lubricating oil cooling device is arranged in the cylinder body of the supercritical temperature steam turbine, and a heat exchange pipeline is required to exchange heat with the outside when the lubricating oil cooling device is arranged in the cylinder body so as to ensure the temperature of the lubricating oil to be constant;
a lubricating oil temperature probe, a lubricating oil pressure probe, a lubricating oil quantity probe and a pressure probe in the steam turbine cylinder body are further arranged in the cylinder body of the supercritical temperature steam turbine;
the supercritical temperature turbine main steam pipeline is arranged between the input end heat insulation shell and the supercritical temperature turbine main steam pipeline, a shaft seal is further arranged between the heat insulation shell and the shaft seal, an input end reserved space or pipeline is further arranged between the heat insulation shell and the shaft seal, the input end reserved space or pipeline is arranged in a lower cylinder of the turbine, lubricating oil leaked from the sealing position of the heat insulation shell is stored, and the leaked lubricating oil is discharged through a first pipeline valve.
5. The supercritical temperature steam turbine according to claims 3-4 wherein the output of the supercritical temperature steam turbine comprises a turbine exhaust duct, an output cylinder, an output bearing and bearing block, a coupling, and a generator;
the supercritical temperature steam turbine is characterized in that an output end bearing, a bearing seat, a coupler and a generator are arranged in an output end cylinder body of the supercritical temperature steam turbine in a hidden mode;
the input end of the supercritical temperature steam turbine and the output end of the supercritical temperature steam turbine are hidden and arranged inside a cylinder body of the supercritical temperature steam turbine, and shaft ends at two ends of a rotating shaft are sealed by using a high-tightness structure of the cylinder body of the steam turbine, so that the leakage of power generation working medium steam from shaft seals at two ends of the rotating shaft of the supercritical temperature steam turbine is avoided.
6. A use method of a supercritical temperature steam turbine is suitable for the supercritical temperature steam turbine of any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising a water tank, a water pump, a steam exhaust heat regenerator low-temperature pipeline, a boiler, the supercritical temperature steam turbine and the steam exhaust heat regenerator high-temperature pipeline which are sequentially communicated; the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator is connected with the water tank to form a closed loop; wherein the main steam pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine is communicated with the main steam pipeline at the outlet of the boiler; the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine is communicated with the high-temperature pipeline inlet of the exhaust steam regenerator;
it is worth noting that the power generation working medium stored in the water tank is a liquid meson with a boiling point temperature greater than zero degrees centigrade under the standard atmospheric pressure, and the liquid meson includes but is not limited to water or water solution; the water tank is arranged independently or combined with the dead steam regenerator;
the boiler is a main device for exchanging heat with a high-temperature heat source, and comprises any one or combination of a thermal power boiler, a nuclear power boiler, a biomass boiler, a solar photo-thermal power generation heat exchange device, a high-temperature waste heat boiler, a high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger and a high-temperature liquid heat exchanger;
the supercritical temperature steam turbine belongs to a rotary power machine which converts steam energy into mechanical work, is also called as a steam turbine and comprises but is not limited to a steam turbine, a pneumatic machine, an expander, a steam turbine and a turbine expander;
the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator is communicated with the outlet of the exhaust pipeline of the steam turbine, and the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator is communicated with the outlet of the water pump; condensing high-temperature exhaust steam in a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator into liquid water by using low-temperature cold water output by the water pump; the exhaust steam heat regenerator has high heat exchange efficiency and is independently arranged at the output end of the supercritical temperature steam turbine or is combined with the supercritical temperature steam turbine;
the boiler, the supercritical temperature steam turbine and the exhaust steam heat regenerator are made of high-temperature resistant materials; and heat insulation layers are arranged outside the boiler and the supercritical temperature turbine shell.
7. The method for using the supercritical temperature steam turbine according to claim 6, wherein a cooler is further arranged between the outlet of the steam exhaust regenerator or the high-temperature pipeline of the steam exhaust regenerator and the water tank, or between the water tank and the water pump; the cooler exchanges heat with air or cold water in the environment to release redundant heat energy in the high-temperature exhaust steam; the cooler is independently arranged, or the outer shell of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and/or the outer shell of the water tank are/is provided with radiating fins, so that the excess waste heat energy in the exhaust steam is released to the air or cold water in the environment.
8. The method for using the supercritical temperature steam turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that under the condition that the output pressure of the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine is higher, a throttling pressure reduction device is further arranged between the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the steam exhaust regenerator and the water tank or between the water tank and the water pump; the throttling and depressurizing device includes, but is not limited to, a throttle valve, a shutoff valve, an expansion valve, or an expansion machine.
9. A process for using a supercritical temperature steam turbine, which is suitable for the supercritical temperature steam turbine and the using method of any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises the following steps:
the power generation working medium stored in the water tank is cold water with the environmental temperature of about 20 ℃, the pressure is increased through the water pump, the cold water flows through the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and is conveyed to the boiler to be heated to form high-pressure steam, the temperature of the steam is obviously higher than the critical temperature of water and reaches more than 430 ℃ or more than 500 ℃, and the high-pressure steam is conveyed to the main steam pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine to drive the supercritical temperature turbine to rotate at high speed and do work outwards;
the temperature of the dead steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine must reach or be slightly higher than the critical temperature of about 374 ℃ of water, the latent heat is 0, the exhaust pipeline of the turbine is connected with the high-temperature pipeline of the dead steam regenerator, and cold water at about 20 ℃ in the low-temperature pipeline of the dead steam regenerator is used for condensing the high-temperature dead steam at about 374 ℃ output by the exhaust pipeline of the turbine;
the temperature of the dead steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine must reach or be slightly higher than the critical temperature of about 374 ℃ of water, the latent heat is 0, after cold water at about 20 ℃ in the low-temperature pipeline of the dead steam regenerator exchanges heat with high-temperature dead steam, the temperature of the cold water is raised to be close to the critical temperature and reaches about 370 ℃, and the heat exchanger has a heat exchange temperature difference of more than 0.5 ℃;
after losing heat energy, the temperature of an output port is reduced to about 35 ℃ after high-temperature dead steam at about 374 ℃ in the high-temperature pipeline of the dead steam heat regenerator is condensed into water, the water is radiated by the cooler or the shell of the dead steam heat regenerator and/or the shell of the water tank, warm water at about 35 ℃ is cooled after being radiated, and the warm water is returned to the water tank for standby after being cooled to the original cold water temperature of about 20 ℃;
cold water with the temperature of about 20 ℃ stored in a water tank is pressurized to a low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam regenerator through a water pump, and fully exchanges heat with high-temperature exhaust steam with the temperature of about 374 ℃ output to a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam regenerator by an exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine; the temperature of the outlet of the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam regenerator reaches about 370 ℃, and the pipeline heat exchange temperature difference is over 0.5 ℃; conveying the steam to the boiler for heating, wherein the temperature of main steam reaches above 430 ℃ or above 500 ℃, continuously conveying the steam to a main steam pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine, driving the supercritical temperature turbine to rotate at a high speed and do work, and outputting mechanical energy or driving a generator to rotate to output electric energy; the circulation and the power generation are carried out continuously; the power generation system or the power system belongs to a self-cooling system, and a cooling tower for releasing a large amount of energy in a Rankine cycle is not arranged, so that the effective thermal efficiency of the system is high;
the temperature of the dead steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine must reach or be slightly higher than the critical temperature of about 374 ℃ of water; the working condition area of the supercritical temperature steam turbine equipment is always above the critical temperature of about 374 ℃ of power generation working medium water, and the enthalpy difference between main steam which is input by a main steam pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine and is above about 500 ℃ and high-temperature exhaust steam reaching 374 ℃ is utilized to do work and generate power.
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention provides a supercritical temperature steam turbine and a using method thereof, belonging to a rotary power machine for converting steam energy into mechanical work, also called a steam turbine, comprising but not limited to a steam turbine, a pneumatic machine, an expander, a steam turbine and a turbine expander; the supercritical temperature steam turbine provided by the embodiment of the invention is a special steam turbine, a special application method of the special steam turbine and the technical field of new energy conservation.
Background
In 1882, the first single-stage impulse turbine was designed and manufactured by the swedish engineer laval, and the turbine is a rotating machine which takes steam as power and converts the heat energy of the steam into mechanical work, and is the most widely applied prime mover in modern thermal power plants. The steam turbine has the advantages of large single machine power, high efficiency, long service life and the like, and is widely applied to power stations, ship navigation and large-scale industry.
In order to improve the power and the efficiency of steam turbine equipment, the improvement is continuously carried out for over one hundred years, the air inlet temperature and the air inlet pressure are also continuously improved, from a low-temperature low-pressure steam turbine to a high-temperature high-pressure steam turbine, and then from a subcritical steam turbine to a supercritical steam turbine, the steam turbine achieves 1200MW, the air inlet temperature reaches 650 ℃, and the air inlet pressure reaches 25 MPa; the exhaust temperature is continuously reduced, the exhaust temperature of a low-pressure cylinder of a straight condensing steam turbine is reduced to 30-45 ℃, and the exhaust pressure is reduced to 10-13kPa, people can obtain the maximum enthalpy difference and the maximum output power by continuously improving the input air inlet temperature and pressure of the steam turbine and reducing the exhaust temperature of the steam turbine as far as possible (the lowest temperature of exhaust steam reaches 15 ℃), and the method is the most important way for improving the effective thermal efficiency of the existing large steam turbine equipment and power generation systems.
The steam exhausted from the steam turbine equipment used in the power station is far lower than the boiling point temperature of water (as low as about 30 ℃) and the exhaust pressure is vacuum pressure, so as to improve the thermal efficiency of the system and generate as much power as possible. The heat of the low-grade exhaust steam cannot be recycled as a direct result. For example: the inlet steam of a certain high-pressure turbine contains about 3433kJ/kg of heat, only about 837kJ/kg of the heat is used for doing work, about 2240kJ/kg of latent heat energy per kilogram of water is taken away by cooling water of a cooling system, and the lost energy is equivalent to 5 times of energy absorbed by hot water heated to 100 ℃ by water at 0 ℃; a large amount of latent heat stored in the cold end cannot be utilized and can only be released through cooling systems such as cooling towers and the like. The power generation efficiency of a large-scale ultra-supercritical thermal power generating unit with highest efficiency all over the country is more than 40%, the effective thermal efficiency of general thermal power generation is only about 35% -38%, the unit efficiency of a large-scale nuclear power plant is about 33%, the thermal efficiency of a large-scale biomass generating unit is about 28%, the effective thermal efficiency of a waste heat generating unit is about 10% -20%, the lowest effective thermal efficiency of waste heat power generation is only about 8% -10%, and the loss of low-temperature waste heat power generation is even more than 70% -80%;
the low-grade latent heat energy needs to be released into air or water in the environment through cooling equipment such as a cooling tower, an air cooling island and the like, so that not only is extremely huge energy waste caused, but also the heat energy is released into the environment and causes heat pollution to the environment, a large amount of water needs to be evaporated at the same time when the energy is released by the cooling tower, and after the water vapor is evaporated and gathered together, heavy rainstorm and flood disasters can be formed. The large amount of coal is combusted, so that a large amount of power generation cost is caused; after a large amount of coal is burnt, a large amount of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide released by a chimney also seriously damage our environment, and power plants all over the world in China are huge in quantity, so that the harmful gases are also an important reason for forming haze and greenhouse effect, and cause serious vicious effects such as environment warming, glacier melting and the like.
The power generation is to convert the thermal energy of the burning coal into electric energy for output, and the applicant finds out a solution to the problem finally after two decades of diligent exploration, because the latent heat energy with huge amount is discharged. People are in order to obtain more power generation outputs, the temperature and the pressure of inlet air are continuously improved, and the temperature and the pressure of exhaust steam are reduced as far as possible, the temperature of the exhaust steam of the existing power station is far lower than the standard boiling point, when more power generation outputs are obtained, extremely huge low-grade latent heat energy is formed in the exhaust steam and cannot be utilized, the latent heat can be released to condense the exhaust steam into water, and meanwhile, the length of a last-stage blade and a next-stage blade of a steam turbine is increased, so that the volume of the steam turbine is huge, the tail end of the steam turbine needs to maintain high vacuum, and the last-stage and next-stage blades are easy to suffer from a series of problems of condensate. The invention aims to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide supercritical temperature steam turbine equipment and a using method thereof, and the applicant researches and discovers that the temperature of exhaust steam discharged by a steam turbine reaches the critical temperature of a power generation working medium by simplifying and removing a last-stage blade and a next-last-stage blade of the steam turbine, the latent heat of the exhaust steam is 0, the latent heat is changed into sensible heat, and the high-temperature exhaust steam can be condensed by utilizing low-temperature cold water output by a water pump. Compare traditional steam turbine equipment, not only retrench the volume, reduce the too big cracked probability that causes the flutter of traditional steam turbine blade moreover, also improved steam turbine equipment's reliability, can also reduce the manufacturing cost of steam turbine simultaneously. Through the synergistic effect of the supercritical temperature steam turbine equipment, the water pump, the exhaust steam regenerator and other equipment, the power generation and power system with high effective thermal efficiency is realized. The power generation system with high thermal efficiency does not have a cooling tower in a traditional Rankine cycle power generation system, and the volume and the manufacturing cost of steam turbine equipment can be reduced while the power generation efficiency is improved.
The embodiment of the invention is realized as follows:
in a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a supercritical temperature steam turbine and a method for using the same, where the temperature of high-pressure main steam input by a main steam pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine must be significantly higher than the critical temperature of water; the temperature of the exhausted steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine must reach or be slightly higher than the critical temperature of water; the working condition area of the supercritical temperature steam turbine always operates above the critical temperature of water;
furthermore, the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine is connected with a waste steam heat regenerator, so that low-temperature cold water output by a water pump condenses high-temperature waste steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine; the supercritical temperature steam turbine applies work by utilizing an enthalpy difference between high-temperature main steam which is input by a main steam pipeline and is obviously higher than the critical temperature of water and high-temperature exhaust steam which is output by a steam turbine exhaust pipeline and has the temperature reaching or slightly higher than the critical temperature of water; the working condition area of the supercritical temperature steam turbine equipment is always above the critical temperature of water.
Preferably, the temperature of the exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the steam turbine also comprises a temperature range near a critical temperature point (the critical temperature is extremely accurate data and is difficult to achieve practically, so that the temperature near the critical temperature point is required to be included); the temperature of the exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the steam turbine is lower than the critical temperature, latent heat exists in the exhaust steam, the latent heat cannot be regenerated and can only be released, and therefore the effective thermal efficiency is reduced; when the temperature of the exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the steam turbine is higher than the critical temperature, the latent heat is 0, but if the temperature is higher than the critical temperature too much, effective work is reduced, and the equipment and investment cost are increased, so that the optimal temperature is slightly higher than the critical temperature of water (or aqueous solution or other power generation working media).
Further, the steam pressure input by the main steam pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine needs to be lower than the critical pressure of water; the exhaust steam pressure output by the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine needs to be greater than or equal to the standard atmospheric pressure; the working condition area and the operation interval of the supercritical temperature steam turbine are superheat areas above the critical temperature of water.
The conventional steam turbine equipment needs to reduce the temperature of exhaust steam to below a standard boiling point (below about 50 ℃) by applying work, so that the last-stage blade and the next-stage blade of the steam turbine are very long, and the steam turbine is huge in size, relatively high in material and manufacturing cost and high in quality. The temperature must reach or be slightly above the critical temperature of water (about 374 ℃) due to the dead steam output by the supercritical temperature turbine exhaust duct; therefore, the output end of the supercritical temperature turbine must be removed from the critical temperature point (about 374 ℃), the removed part is a part with low steam density and large volume of the turbine, and the part below the critical temperature of the output end of the turbine is removed, so that latent heat is not formed, and the volume and the weight of the turbine and the manufacturing cost of the turbine are reduced.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for performing cylinder shaft sealing on two ends of a rotating shaft of a steam turbine equipment, where the supercritical temperature steam turbine is divided into an equipment input end, an equipment body, and an equipment output end; the supercritical steam turbine is composed of a static part and a rotating part; the cylinder body shaft seal system comprises an input end shaft seal system and an output end shaft seal system;
further, the input end shaft seal system of the supercritical steam turbine comprises an input end cylinder body, an input end bearing, a bearing seat, an input end rotating shaft and a main steam pipeline; the input end bearing and the bearing seat comprise a support bearing and a thrust bearing;
furthermore, a heat insulation shell is arranged outside the input end bearing and the bearing seat; the insulated shell is divided into an upper insulated shell and a lower insulated shell; the lower heat insulation shell is arranged in the lower cylinder at the position of the input end bearing and the bearing seat and is tightly combined with the lower cylinder body; the input end bearing and the bearing seat are arranged in the lower heat insulation shell in the lower cylinder;
further, the lower heat insulation shell and the upper heat insulation shell are provided with flanges, and the lower heat insulation shell and the inner cavity of the upper heat insulation shell form a closed heat insulation space through the fastening of the flanges and bolts; the input end rotating shaft, the input end bearing and bearing seat and lubricating oil are sealed in the heat insulation space of the heat insulation shell; the heat insulation shell wraps the contact position of the input end rotating shaft and is provided with a heat insulation shell seal, and the heat insulation shell seal prevents bearing lubricating oil in the heat insulation shell from leaking outwards from the heat insulation shell seal.
The upper heat insulation shell and the lower heat insulation shell of the heat insulation shell are fastened through the flange and the bolt, a closed heat insulation space is formed inside the heat insulation shell, a lubricating oil injection hole is formed in the top of the upper heat insulation shell, and lubricating oil is injected into the heat insulation space of the bearing and the bearing seat;
preferably, the heat insulation shell further comprises a lubricating oil output pipeline, a lubricating oil filter, a lubricating oil cooler and a lubricating oil pump which are connected with the heat insulation shell; the low-temperature high-pressure lubricating oil output by the lubricating oil pump is conveyed to the bearing and the bearing seat in the heat insulation shell through a lubricating oil input pipeline;
preferably, the lubricating oil filter, the lubricating oil cooler and the lubricating oil pump are arranged outside a cylinder body of the supercritical temperature steam turbine; (or arranged in the cylinder body of the supercritical temperature steam turbine and exchanges heat with the outside through a group of heat exchangers to achieve the aim of reducing the temperature of lubricating oil)
Preferably, a lubricating oil temperature probe, a lubricating oil pressure probe, a lubricating oil quantity probe and a pressure probe in the steam turbine cylinder body are further arranged in the cylinder body of the supercritical temperature steam turbine;
preferably, a shaft seal is further arranged between the main steam pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine and the input end heat insulation shell, an input end reserved space or pipeline is further arranged between the heat insulation shell and the shaft seal, the input end reserved space or pipeline is arranged in a lower cylinder of the turbine, lubricating oil leaked from a sealing position of the heat insulation shell is stored, and the leaked lubricating oil is discharged through a first pipeline valve.
Furthermore, the output end of the supercritical temperature turbine comprises a turbine exhaust pipeline, an output end cylinder body, an output end bearing and bearing seat, a coupler and a generator;
preferably, the turbine is characterized in that an output end bearing, a bearing seat, a coupling and a generator are arranged in an output end cylinder body of the supercritical temperature turbine in a hidden manner;
furthermore, the input end of the supercritical temperature steam turbine and the output end of the supercritical temperature steam turbine are hidden and arranged inside the cylinder body of the supercritical temperature steam turbine, and the shaft ends at two ends of the rotating shaft are sealed by the highly airtight structure of the cylinder body of the steam turbine, so that the leakage of the power generation working medium steam from the shaft seals at two ends of the rotating shaft of the supercritical temperature steam turbine is avoided.
It should be noted that the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention can also be applied to other rotating devices and products that need to be prevented from leaking. The technology is relatively independent, and therefore, the technology also belongs to the technical characteristics provided by the embodiment of the invention. The applicant also needs to gain approval when referring to these technical features.
In a third aspect, in order to better illustrate the practicability, novelty and creativity of the supercritical temperature steam turbine equipment and to better understand the practical applicability, novelty and creativity, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a special use method of the supercritical temperature steam turbine equipment;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the system comprises a water tank, a water pump, a low-temperature pipeline of an exhaust steam heat regenerator, a boiler, a supercritical temperature steam turbine and a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator which are sequentially communicated; the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator is connected with the water tank to form a closed loop; wherein the main steam pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine is communicated with the main steam pipeline at the outlet of the boiler; the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine is communicated with the high-temperature pipeline inlet of the exhaust steam regenerator;
it is worth noting that the power generation working medium stored in the water tank is a liquid meson with a boiling point temperature greater than zero degrees centigrade under the standard atmospheric pressure, and the liquid meson includes but is not limited to water or water solution; the water tank is arranged independently or combined with the dead steam regenerator;
the boiler is a main device for exchanging heat with a high-temperature heat source, and comprises any one or combination of a fire power boiler, a nuclear power boiler, a biomass boiler, a solar photo-thermal power generation heat exchange device, a high-temperature waste heat boiler, a high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger and a high-temperature liquid heat exchanger;
the boiler, the supercritical temperature steam turbine and the exhaust steam heat regenerator are made of high-temperature resistant materials; and heat insulation layers are arranged outside the boiler and the supercritical temperature turbine shell.
It should be noted that the supercritical temperature steam turbine belongs to a rotary power machine for converting steam energy into mechanical work, also called steam turbine, including but not limited to steam turbine, pneumatic machine, expander, steam turbine, and turbo expander;
furthermore, the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator is communicated with the outlet of the exhaust pipeline of the steam turbine, and the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator is communicated with the outlet of the water pump; condensing high-temperature exhaust steam in a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator into liquid water by using low-temperature cold water output by the water pump; the exhaust steam heat regenerator has high heat exchange efficiency and is independently arranged at the output end of the supercritical temperature steam turbine or is combined with the supercritical temperature steam turbine;
optionally, a cooler is further arranged between the outlet of the exhaust steam heat regenerator or the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and the water tank or between the water tank and the water pump; the cooler is used for exchanging heat with air or cold water in the environment and releasing redundant heat energy in the high-temperature exhaust steam; the cooler is independently arranged, or the outer shell of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and/or the outer shell of the water tank are/is provided with radiating fins, so that the excess heat energy in the exhaust steam is released to the air or cold water in the environment.
Optionally, under the condition that the output pressure of the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine is relatively high, a throttling and pressure reducing device is further arranged between the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam regenerator and the water tank or between the water tank and the water pump; the throttling and depressurizing device includes, but is not limited to, a throttle valve, a shutoff valve, an expansion valve, or an expansion machine.
In a fourth aspect, the supercritical temperature steam turbine belongs to a rotary power machine that converts steam energy into mechanical work, also called steam turbine, including but not limited to steam turbine, pneumatic engine, expander, steam turbine, and turboexpander;
thus, the supercritical temperature turbine and method of use also includes a steam turbine, including but not limited to an expander, a pneumatic machine, a steam turbine, a turboexpander; the temperature of high-pressure main steam input by a main steam pipeline of the supercritical temperature expansion machine is obviously higher than the critical temperature of power generation substances; the temperature of the exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature expander must reach the critical temperature of the power generation working medium; the working condition area of the supercritical temperature expander equipment is always above the critical temperature of the power generation working medium;
furthermore, the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature expander is connected with a dead steam heat regenerator, so that low-temperature power generation working media (such as water or aqueous solution) output by a pump condense high-temperature dead steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature expander; the supercritical temperature expander applies work by utilizing the enthalpy difference between high-temperature main steam which is input by a main steam pipeline and is obviously higher than the critical temperature and high-temperature exhaust steam which is output by an expander exhaust pipeline and has the temperature reaching the critical temperature of a power generation working medium;
it is worth noting that the supercritical temperature expander and the supercritical temperature turbine belong to a steam turbine machine, and are only slightly different from the turbine in specific body structure; the expander is mainly applied to a small power generation plant or an air separation plant, and the equipment cost is relatively high. In the embodiment of the invention, the input end, the output end, the pipeline connecting method, the using method and the parameters of the supercritical temperature expander are completely the same as those of the supercritical temperature turbine, so that the supercritical temperature expander also belongs to the scope provided by the embodiment of the invention;
in a fifth aspect, the embodiments of the present invention are provided to better illustrate the practicability, novelty and creativity of the supercritical temperature steam turbine (or expander) equipment, and also to better understand the method for using the supercritical temperature steam turbine (or expander) equipment, and also to provide a process for using the supercritical temperature steam turbine (or expander) equipment; the method comprises the following steps:
the power generation working medium stored in the water tank is cold water with the environmental temperature of about 20 ℃, the pressure of the cold water is increased through the water pump, the cold water flows through the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and is conveyed to the boiler to be heated to form high-pressure steam, the temperature of the steam is obviously higher than the critical temperature of water and reaches more than 430 ℃ or more than 500 ℃, and the steam is conveyed to the main steam pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine to drive the supercritical temperature turbine to rotate at high speed and do work to the outside;
the temperature of the dead steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine must reach or be slightly higher than the critical temperature of about 374 ℃ of water, the latent heat is 0, the exhaust pipeline of the turbine is connected with a high-temperature pipeline of a dead steam regenerator, and cold water at about 20 ℃ in the low-temperature pipeline of the dead steam regenerator is used for condensing high-temperature dead steam at about 374 ℃ output by the exhaust pipeline of the turbine;
the temperature of the exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine must reach or be slightly higher than the critical temperature of about 374 ℃ of water, the latent heat is 0, after the cold water at about 20 ℃ in the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam regenerator exchanges heat with the high-temperature exhaust steam, the temperature of the cold water is raised to be close to the critical temperature and reaches about 370 ℃, and the heat exchanger has a heat exchange temperature difference of more than 0.5 ℃;
after losing heat energy, the temperature of an output port is reduced to about 35 ℃ after high-temperature dead steam at about 374 ℃ in the high-temperature pipeline of the dead steam regenerator is condensed into water, the water is radiated by the cooler or the shell of the dead steam regenerator and/or the shell of the water tank, warm water at about 35 ℃ is cooled after being radiated, and the water is returned to the water tank for standby after being cooled to the original cold water temperature at about 20 ℃;
cold water with the temperature of about 20 ℃ stored in a water tank is pressurized to a low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam regenerator through a water pump, and fully exchanges heat with high-temperature exhaust steam with the temperature of about 374 ℃ output to a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam regenerator by an exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine; the temperature of the outlet of the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam regenerator reaches about 370 ℃, and the pipeline heat exchange temperature difference is over 0.5 ℃; conveying the steam to the boiler for heating, wherein the temperature of main steam reaches above 430 ℃ or above 500 ℃, continuously conveying the steam to a main steam pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine, driving the supercritical temperature turbine to rotate at a high speed and do work, and outputting mechanical energy or driving a generator to rotate to output electric energy; the circulation and the power generation are carried out continuously; the power generation system or the power system belongs to a self-cooling system, and a cooling tower for releasing a large amount of energy in Rankine cycle is not arranged, so that the effective thermal efficiency of the system is high;
the temperature of the dead steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine must reach or be slightly higher than the critical temperature of about 374 ℃ of water; the working condition area of the supercritical temperature steam turbine equipment is always above the critical temperature of about 374 ℃ of power generation working medium water, and the enthalpy difference between main steam which is input by a main steam pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine and is above about 500 ℃ and high-temperature exhaust steam reaching 374 ℃ is utilized to do work and generate power.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in a Rankine cycle power generation system adopted in traditional thermal power generation, biomass power generation and waste heat power generation, the temperature of exhaust steam output by steam turbine equipment is generally lower than the boiling point temperature of water (as low as about 30 ℃) and the exhaust pressure is vacuum pressure, so that the aim of improving the thermal efficiency of the system is to output as much power as possible. A large amount of latent heat at the cold end cannot be utilized and can only be released through cooling systems such as a cooling tower and the like, so that the effective thermal efficiency of the system is only about 30 percent, and the loss is as high as about 70 percent;
for example, the inlet steam of a certain high-pressure turbine contains about 3433kJ/kg of heat, only about 837kJ/kg of the heat is used for doing work, about 2240kJ/kg of latent heat energy per kilogram of water is taken away by cooling water of a cooling system, and the lost energy is equivalent to 5 times of the energy absorbed by hot water heated to 100 ℃ by water at 0 ℃; this is a very large loss and waste of energy. The generating efficiency of a large-scale ultra-supercritical fire power generating set with the highest world efficiency is more than 40 percent, the effective thermal efficiency of a general thermal power generating set is only about 35 to 38 percent, the efficiency of a large-scale nuclear power plant unit is about 33 percent, the thermal efficiency of a large-scale biomass generating set is about 28 percent, the effective thermal efficiency of a waste heat generating set is only about 10 to 20 percent, the lowest effective thermal efficiency in waste heat power generation is only about 8 to 10 percent, and the energy loss can reach about 70 to 80 percent;
in addition, the cylinder body of the steam turbine is still, the rotating speed of the rotor of the steam turbine is very high, the rotating shaft rotating at a high speed and the cylinder body which is still need to be sealed, otherwise, ultrahigh pressure steam input by the steam turbine leaks along the rotating shaft of the steam turbine, and the leakage pressure is very high. In addition, high-temperature and high-pressure steam can impact a bearing and a bearing seat which are arranged at the shaft end of the steam turbine, so that lubricating oil of a bearing of the steam turbine is emulsified, the bearing of the steam turbine is damaged due to loss of lubrication, and the safe operation of the whole steam turbine is endangered.
The steam turbine needs to be provided with a shaft seal system, and the traditional shaft seal comprises a tooth-shaped steam seal, a Brabender steam seal, a honeycomb steam seal, a brush steam seal, a flexible tooth steam seal and an elastic tooth steam seal; although the high-pressure air inlet end is provided with the shaft seal, the leakage of steam through the shaft seal cannot be avoided, and the leakage rate of the shaft end of the traditional large-scale steam turbine equipment can reach more than 10 tons per hour; in order to reduce leakage loss, the high-pressure end shaft seal is divided into a plurality of sections, a certain empty chamber is reserved between each section, and then steam leakage in the empty chambers is led to different places for utilization through pipelines according to different pressures.
The self-sealing system is complex, in the starting and stopping processes of the steam turbine, if the high-pressure end shaft seal has no steam, new steam subjected to temperature reduction and pressure reduction needs to be introduced and sent into the high-pressure end shaft seal and the low-pressure end shaft seal simultaneously, the systems are combined with the self-sealing system after the load reaches about 80%, and the whole shaft seal system is quite complex. The rest small amount of air leakage is discharged to the atmosphere through the signal tube after passing through a plurality of shaft sealing sheets, and the quality of the shaft seal operation can be monitored by observing the steam bleeding condition of the signal tube during operation.
The air seal system installed on the traditional steam turbine equipment needs to be very precise, can be rubbed or even damaged when being too close to a rotating shaft of a steam turbine, and can cause a large amount of steam to leak when having too large clearance with the rotating shaft. Even though the gas seal system of the steam turbine equipment is continuously innovated and improved, the problem of gas leakage still cannot be thoroughly solved, and particularly, the problem of gas leakage at the shaft end of the small-sized steam turbine equipment is still serious.
The high leakproofness of steam turbine cylinder body far surpasss the leakproofness of steam turbine equipment axle head atmoseal, but the reason that traditional steam turbine did not place in the cylinder body is worry that high temperature steam gets into lubricating oil, can lead to the high temperature emulsification of lubricating oil. There is also concern that the lubricating oil leaks into the steam system, thereby causing contamination of the steam system. Therefore, even if the steam turbine gas seal system is very complicated, precise and high in cost, in the actual operation process, abrasion damage can be caused when the steam turbine gas seal system is too close to a rotating shaft of the steam turbine, and a large amount of steam leakage can be caused when the gap is too large, so that the steam turbine gas seal system is still widely adopted.
The method also has the contradiction faced by the existing steam turbine shaft end sealing technology. The leakage phenomenon is serious because an operator only can extremely reach the minimum as possible, but in practice, the operator worrys that the shaft end air seal is too close to a rotating shaft of the steam turbine to cause abrasion and damage, so that the precision adjustment can not be carried out according to the design requirement of the shaft end air seal generally.
The high sealing performance of the outer cylinder body of the steam turbine equipment is far superior to the sealing performance of the shaft end air seal of the steam turbine. In order to better control the temperature of the lubricating oil, the embodiment of the invention also adopts the mode that the distance between the bearing and the main steam pipeline (and the exhaust pipeline) of the turbine is increased, and the distance between the bearing and the main steam pipeline (and the exhaust pipeline) of the turbine and the multiple heat insulation layers and heat insulation structures are arranged between the bearing and the exhaust pipeline, so that the influence of the steam temperature on the bearing is reduced; to ensure that the temperature of the bearings and the lubricating oil system is always kept within a normal range.
Because the bearing and the lubrication are both arranged in the steam turbine cylinder body, the pressure difference between the pressure of the lubricating oil of the bearing and the pressure difference in the steam turbine cylinder body is very small, and the installation of the lubricating oil seal can effectively avoid the lubricating oil from leaking to pollute the power generation working medium of the main steam pipeline (or the exhaust pipeline) at the air inlet end of the steam turbine; besides the multiple heat insulation layers and the heat insulation structure, the lubricating system is also provided with a lubricating oil temperature control and regulation device which is composed of a heat exchange pipeline immersed in lubricating oil and a cooling system thereof, the working medium temperature in the heat exchange pipeline can be regulated according to the temperature required by the lubricating oil, and the heat exchange pipeline exchanges heat with the outside.
And further, the lubricating device also comprises a connecting device of an external oil pipe and the lubricating system in the cylinder body, and lubricating oil is supplemented or replaced for the lubricating system in the cylinder body after the pressure in the cylinder body and the connecting device is balanced. Through the multiple measures, the bearing and the lubricating oil are sealed in a single small space in the cylinder body of the steam turbine equipment, the bearing is separated from the main steam inlet pipeline and the main steam outlet pipeline of the steam turbine, and multiple heat insulation layers and heat insulation structures are arranged between the bearing and the main steam inlet pipeline and the main steam outlet pipeline of the steam turbine, so that the absolute safety and the temperature controllability of the bearing and the lubricating oil are ensured.
Even if high-temperature steam exists in the steam turbine, the multiple heat insulation and multiple sealing system of the bearing lubricating oil which is strictly sealed cannot be influenced, under the condition that the steam turbine cylinder body is not broken and seriously leaked, the high-temperature high-pressure steam is completely balanced due to the pressures on two sides and generally cannot enter the multiple sealing system of the bearing and the lubricating oil, the multiple heat insulation layers and the multiple sealing measures are arranged between the high-temperature high-pressure steam and the lubricating oil, the pressures in the cylinder body are the same, the high-temperature high-pressure steam is difficult to reach the bearing, and meanwhile the lubricating oil is difficult to leak out.
In order to better ensure the temperature constancy of the bearing and the lubricating oil, the lubricating oil system is also provided with a heat exchange pipeline and a temperature control system for exchanging heat with the outside in a closed space of the bearing and the lubricating oil, and the temperature constancy of the lubricating oil and the temperature of the bearing is ensured by keeping a certain bearing distance, multiple heat insulation layers, multiple heat insulation structures and sealing even if the steam temperature of the steam turbine is very high.
Preferably, the heat insulation shell further comprises a lubricating oil output pipeline, a lubricating oil filter, a lubricating oil cooler and a lubricating oil pump which are connected with the heat insulation shell; the low-temperature high-pressure lubricating oil output by the lubricating oil pump is conveyed to the bearing and the bearing seat in the heat insulation shell through a lubricating oil input pipeline; the lubricating oil filter, the lubricating oil cooler and the lubricating oil pump are arranged outside the cylinder body of the supercritical temperature steam turbine (or arranged in the cylinder body of the steam turbine);
in addition, a lubricating oil temperature probe, a lubricating oil pressure probe, a lubricating oil quantity probe and a cylinder internal pressure probe of the turbine are also arranged in the cylinder body of the supercritical temperature turbine;
optionally, a shaft seal is further disposed between the main steam pipeline of the supercritical temperature steam turbine and the input end of the heat insulation housing, an input end reserved space or pipeline is further disposed between the heat insulation housing and the shaft seal, the input end reserved space or pipeline is disposed in the lower cylinder, lubricating oil leaked from a seal of the heat insulation housing is stored, and the leaked lubricating oil is discharged through the first pipeline valve.
There is a cooling system designed for the bearing lubricating oil system alone, even if the highly closed structure of the turbine outer cylinder is damaged, high-temperature high-pressure steam can only leak outside the cylinder in a large amount, and the bearing system with multiple seals and heavy protection is desired to enter, so that the bearing lubrication is desired to be damaged in a short time, and the temperature of the turbine bearing lubricating system is affected, and the difficulty is very high. By adopting the multiple technical methods and using the highly-closed structure of the cylinder body, the problem of gas seal leakage can be well solved, and the manufacturing cost and the volume of the steam turbine equipment can be reduced.
According to the supercritical temperature steam turbine provided by the embodiment of the invention, the temperature of high-pressure main steam input by a main steam pipeline is required to be obviously higher than the critical temperature of water; the temperature of the exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the steam turbine must reach or be slightly higher than the critical temperature of water, so that the latent heat of the exhaust steam is zero, and the latent heat is changed into sensible heat; condensing high-temperature exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the steam turbine by using cold water output by a water pump; the power generation system or the power system belongs to a self-cooling system, and a cooling tower for releasing a large amount of energy in a Rankine cycle is not arranged, so that the effective thermal efficiency of the system is high; the efficiency can reach 70 percent, and the energy loss is only about 30 percent; compare traditional steam turbine equipment, not only retrench the volume, reduce the too big probability that causes the fracture of fluttering of traditional steam turbine blade moreover, also improved steam turbine equipment's reliability, can also reduce the manufacturing cost of steam turbine simultaneously.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts; this is easily done.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a conventional steam turbine plant, for reference and comparison purposes;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a supercritical turbine with exhaust steam reaching a critical temperature (374 ℃ C., latent heat of 0) in an exhaust duct of the turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a supercritical temperature steam turbine employing an outer cylinder block to perform shaft end sealing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a supercritical temperature steam turbine employing an external cylinder block for shaft end sealing, wherein the exhaust steam reaches a critical temperature (374 ℃ C., latent heat of 0) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a method for using a supercritical temperature steam turbine plant according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a view of the addition of a cooler to FIG. 5;
1. supercritical temperature steam turbine plant section icon:
(the expander equipment and the related steam turbine equipment are only slightly different from the steam turbine equipment in equipment body, and the changes are the same for the characteristics of the embodiment of the invention, so that the repeated description is not repeated too much)
20-the main steam line of the turbine; 21-a turbine exhaust duct; 101-a steam turbine rotating shaft; 102-an insulating shell; 103-input end bearing and bearing seat; 104-a shaft seal; 105-a steam turbine equipment cylinder; 106-rotor impeller; 107-turbine diaphragms; 108-output shaft seal; 9-output end heat insulation shell; 10-output end bearing and bearing seat; 11-a coupling; 12-a generator; 13-a third pipeline valve; 14-a third conduit outlet; 15-a second conduit outlet; 16-a second pipe valve; 17-reserving space or pipeline at the output end; 18-reserving a heat insulation area at the output end; 19-reserving a heat insulation area at the input end; 22-insulating shell sealing; 23-reserving space or pipeline at the input end; 24-a first pipeline valve; 25-a first conduit outlet; 26-a lubricant output conduit; 27-a lubricating oil reservoir; 28-lube oil filter; 29-a lube oil cooler; 30-a lubricating oil pump; 31-a lubricating oil high pressure input pipeline; 32-output end heat insulation shell sealing;
2. diagram of the method of use part of a supercritical temperature steam turbine plant: 1-a water tank; 2-a water pump; 300-a dead steam regenerator; 301-low temperature pipeline of exhaust steam heat regenerator; 302-high temperature pipeline of exhaust steam regenerator; 4-a boiler; 5-supercritical temperature steam turbine; 6-a generator; 7-a cooler;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention usually place when in use, and are only used for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish one element from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhang" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the embodiments of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a conventional steam turbine plant, for reference and comparison purposes; and also for better contrast in structure;
as shown in fig. 1, in a conventional steam turbine plant, bearings at both ends of a steam
In order to obtain as much enthalpy drop as possible and generate as much power as possible, power plants generally adopt increasing input temperature (which cannot be increased further due to material limitations and the like); therefore, the power plant can continuously reduce the output temperature of the steam turbine equipment, and the traditional steam turbine equipment can do more work as much as possible.
As shown in fig. 1, for example: the temperature of the steam input into the
This is also because we have seen that the power plant has many large, massive cooling towers, which release about 70% of the thermal energy generated by coal burning in boilers. Some waste heat power generation efficiency is only about 10%, and about 90% of energy is released through a cooling tower system, which is very unfortunately. The embodiment of the invention aims at the defects, the data are twisted, most of energy is converted into electric energy, the power generation output is as high as about 70%, and the loss is only about 30%. In order to achieve the purpose, a secondary turbine is changed to meet the requirements of a novel power generation process flow, and the specific modified embodiment of the supercritical temperature turbine is as follows.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a supercritical turbine with exhaust steam reaching critical temperature (374 ℃ C., latent heat of 0) in an exhaust duct of the turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention; the turbine input end, the front half part and the generator part of the turbine body of the turbine in the figure 2 and the turbine body of the figure 1 are the same as those of a traditional turbine, but the temperature of the dead steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the supercritical temperature turbine must reach (about 374 ℃) critical temperature, so that the temperature is obviously different;
as shown in fig. 2, the
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a supercritical temperature steam turbine employing an outer cylinder block to perform shaft end sealing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in order to solve the problem of difficulty in leakage at two ends of a rotating shaft of traditional steam turbine equipment, the applicant finds that through research for more than 20 years, the input end and the output end of a steam turbine are hidden in a steam turbine cylinder body, and the problem of leakage at two ends of the rotating shaft of the steam turbine equipment can be solved by using a highly-closed structure (up to 100 percent sealing) of the cylinder body of the steam turbine;
the rotating shaft sealing system provided by the embodiment of the invention can also adopt the same sealing technology and method as those of the steam turbine equipment for other rotating mechanical equipment, namely a high-pressure gas input end and a high-pressure gas output end, so that the near zero leakage of the rotating shaft sealing system is realized and achieved, and the rotating shaft sealing system also belongs to the category.
As shown in fig. 3, the
in the steam turbine shown in FIG. 3, the
optionally, a
optionally, an input end reserved space or
preferably, as shown in fig. 3, a lubricant
The lubricating
the
When the lubricating
Optionally, the input end and the output end of the steam turbine are both placed inside a cylinder body of the steam turbine equipment, and the shaft end of the steam
preferably, the output end heat-insulating shell 9 further comprises a lubricating oil output pipeline, a lubricating oil filter, a lubricating oil cooler and a lubricating oil pump which are connected with the output end heat-insulating shell 9; the low-temperature high-pressure lubricating oil output by the lubricating oil pump is delivered into the output end heat insulation shell 9 through a lubricating oil input pipeline, so that sufficient, clean and low-temperature lubricating oil is provided for the output end bearing and the bearing seat 10, the output end bearing and the bearing seat 10 can be ensured to run safely and stably, the specific implementation content is the same as that of the input end, and redundant description is omitted;
it should be noted that the output-side heat-insulating housing 9 and the
The high-pressure
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a supercritical temperature steam turbine employing an external cylinder block for shaft end sealing, wherein the exhaust steam reaches a critical temperature (374 ℃ C., latent heat of 0) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in fig. 4, the shaft end sealing is carried out by using the cylinder body of the steam turbine equipment, and the sealing performance (which can reach nearly 100%) of the system is the same as that of fig. 3, and the system can reach nearly zero leakage; the working medium of the power generation system is close to zero leakage, so that the loss of the power generation working medium in the power generation system can be reduced, and the overall power generation efficiency of the power generation system and the power system can be improved;
in addition, by comparing fig. 1 and fig. 4, the temperature of the 535 ℃ steam input by the
The steam turbine equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention is greatly different from the traditional steam turbine equipment, as shown in fig. 4, when the temperature of steam is reduced to the critical temperature (about 374 ℃, latent heat is 0) of power generation working medium water, the steam turbine provided by the embodiment of the invention does not continuously work, but is directly discharged through a steam
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a method of using a supercritical temperature steam turbine plant according to an embodiment of the present invention (FIG. 6 is a diagram of FIG. 5 with the addition of only one cooler);
the power generation working medium stored in the water tank 1 is water (about 20 ℃ of ambient temperature), the pressure is increased through the water pump 2, the water flows through the low-
the water (the environment temperature of about 20 ℃) in the water tank 1 is pressurized into the low-
Cold water output by the water pump (about 20 ℃) can be completely reheated by the exhaust steam heat regenerator 300 (shown in figure 5), so that the temperature of the cold water output by the water pump is raised to be close to the critical temperature (about 370 ℃) and the metal pipe wall heat exchange temperature difference is more than 0.5 ℃), and then the cold water is input into the boiler 4 for heating, so that a large amount of heat energy can be saved; meanwhile, the cold water (about 20 ℃) output by the water pump is equivalent to cooling water for the high-temperature exhaust steam with the temperature reaching the critical temperature (374 ℃), and the exhaust steam heat regenerator 300 is also a condenser of the high-temperature exhaust steam; for example, the water output by the water pump 2 is subjected to heat exchange between 20 ℃ and high-temperature exhaust steam with the critical temperature of about 374 ℃, the temperature is raised to about 370 ℃ (the heat exchanger has a heat exchange temperature difference of about 0.5 ℃ or more with a metal pipe wall), the heat energy of about 3000kj/kg is absorbed, the temperature is reduced to about 35 ℃ after the heat exchange between the high-temperature exhaust steam with cold water at 374 ℃ loses about 3000kj/kg of heat energy, the high-temperature exhaust steam is cooled to 20 ℃ cold water by the cooler 7 in fig. 6, and the cold water is returned to the water tank for the next circulation;
because the exhaust steam is discharged from the critical temperature of 374 ℃, the work of the steam turbine plant is obviously reduced, the high-temperature steam is reduced from 535 ℃ to 374 ℃, the work is only 1/3 reduced from 535 ℃ to 50 ℃ in the Rankine cycle, the heat energy of about 2/3 is returned through the exhaust steam heat regenerator 300 (which is equivalent to the front half part of the boiler), and the output power of the steam turbine is obviously reduced; in order to obtain the same output power as that of the Rankine cycle, the flow of the water pump 2 needs to be increased by about two times, the power consumption of the water pump 2 is increased due to the increase of the flow of the water pump 2, but the energy output by the
the greatest advantage is that the waste steam discharged by the
The conventional Rankine cycle turbine has negative vacuum pressure at exhaust pressure, long blades at the last stage and the next last stage, relatively high material and manufacturing cost, large volume of the turbine, flutter and fracture caused by too long blades, and a vacuum pump is needed at the tail end of the turbine to maintain vacuum. Meanwhile, because the steam humidity is high, the blades are easily corroded by condensed water; in addition, the circulating water of the cooling tower has sediment and corrosivity, and can corrode the condenser, sediment deposit can cause a series of problems such as heat exchange efficiency reduction.
According to the steam turbine provided by the embodiment of the invention, all last-stage blades and next-last-stage blades of the traditional steam turbine are cut off. The temperature of the exhaust steam discharged by the steam turbine reaches the critical temperature of the power generation working medium (the water is 374 ℃, the latent heat of the exhaust steam is 0, and the latent heat changes into sensible heat), and the cold water output by the water pump is used for condensing the high-temperature exhaust steam output by the steam turbine. Compare traditional steam turbine, not only retrench the volume, reduce the too big probability that causes flutter and fracture of traditional steam turbine blade, improve steam turbine equipment's reliability, can also reduce steam turbine equipment cost to still save cooling system's cost.
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