阅读说明：本技术 一种便携式土体原位密度测试仪 (Portable soil body normal position density tester ) 是由 徐兴倩 孙海燕 范春梅 周伦顺 李继国 和春香 龙立焱 王福来 张新启 于 2020-07-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种便携式土体原位密度测试仪,包括动力设备、取土设备、推土结构、称重仪器和底座五部分；所述动力设备分为提升装置和下压装置；所述下压装置采用的是一种可倒置的千斤顶机构；所述提升装置选用一种小型齿轮结构,该结构由传动齿轮、传动齿条、手摇把手、传动齿条支架、支撑架五部分组成；本发明的优点在于对土体的原位密度进行测量,测试原理明确,结构简单,测试步骤少,可自由控制贯入土层取土及取样完成后上提的速度,取土效率高,减少检测时间；采用的仪器体积小、不需要外接电源、方便携带,直接测量出所取土样的平均天然密度,在测试完毕后再将所取土样推出,避免了测试的二次扰动,提高了密度测试结果的准确性。(The invention discloses a portable soil body in-situ density tester, which comprises five parts, namely power equipment, soil taking equipment, a soil pushing structure, a weighing instrument and a base; the power equipment is divided into a lifting device and a pressing device; the downward pressing device adopts an invertible jack mechanism; the lifting device adopts a small gear structure which consists of five parts, namely a transmission gear, a transmission rack, a hand-operated handle, a transmission rack bracket and a support frame; the soil sampling device has the advantages that the in-situ density of the soil body is measured, the testing principle is clear, the structure is simple, the testing steps are few, the speed of soil sampling through the soil layer and lifting after sampling is finished can be freely controlled, the soil sampling efficiency is high, and the detection time is shortened; the adopted instrument has small volume, does not need an external power supply, is convenient to carry, directly measures the average natural density of the soil sample, and pushes out the soil sample after the test is finished, thereby avoiding the secondary disturbance of the test and improving the accuracy of the density test result.)

1. The utility model provides a portable soil body normal position density tester, includes five parts of power equipment, borrowing equipment, bulldozing structure, weighing instrument and base (29), its characterized in that: the power equipment is divided into a lifting device and a pressing device; the downward pressing device adopts an inverted jack mechanism, and the jack mechanism comprises an upper bearing steel plate (6), a lower bearing steel plate (7), a bolt (12) and two parts of a fixed jack.

2. The portable soil in-situ density tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the jack comprises a jack base (10), a jack main body (8), an operating rod and a jack body (11), the jack base (10) is fixed on the upper bearing steel plate (6) through a bolt (12), and the jack base (10) is provided with a jack operating mechanism (9); the jack main body (8) is fixed between the two bearing plates, and the jack body (11) penetrates out through a round hole in the middle of the lower bearing steel plate (7).

3. The portable soil in-situ density tester as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lifting device is a small gear structure consisting of five parts, namely a transmission gear (1), a transmission rack (2), a hand-operated handle (3), a transmission rack bracket (4) and a support bracket (5); the table is characterized in that the transmission gear (1) is installed on the table body (13), the transmission gear (1) is fixedly connected with the hand-cranking handle (3), the transmission rack (2) is installed on the transmission rack support (4), and the transmission rack (2) is combined with the transmission gear (1).

4. The portable soil in-situ density tester as claimed in claim 1 wherein the dozing structure comprises a dozing rod position control screw (15), a dozing piston (16), a dozing rod (17), graduation lines (18) and a dozing handle (14).

5. A portable soil mass in situ density tester as claimed in claim 4 characterised in that the control screw of the bulldozer pole (17) is inserted into the bolt (12) and fixed before testing.

6. The portable soil in-situ density tester according to claim 5, wherein the soil sampling device is a soil sampler capable of rapidly extracting an undisturbed soil sample, and comprises a soil sampling cylinder structure, a cutting ring mechanism (22), an arc-shaped cutting knife (23), a connecting rod (26), a nut (24) and a handle (25) connected to the nut (24); the soil sampling cylinder structure comprises an outer cylinder body (20), an inner cylinder body (21) and a pin (27), wherein the outer wall of the inner cylinder body (21) is attached to the inner wall of the outer cylinder body (20), and the outer cylinder body and the inner cylinder body are fixed together through the pin hole in the surface of the outer cylinder body (20) by the pin (27).

7. The portable soil in-situ density tester as claimed in claim 6, wherein the lower end of the soil sampling cylinder structure is provided with an arc-shaped cutting knife (23) structure, the arc-shaped cutting knife (23) is placed in an arc-shaped groove (32), the arc-shaped groove (32) is divided into an inner part and an outer part, and the cutting edge of the cutting knife does not protrude out of the inner wall of the soil sampling cylinder.

8. The portable soil in-situ density tester as claimed in claim 7, wherein the connecting rod (26) is placed in a guide hole penetrating the top end of the outer cylinder (20), the lower end is fixedly connected with the arc-shaped cutter (23), and the upper end is fixed by a nut (24).

9. The portable soil in-situ density tester according to claim 8, wherein a handle (25) is sleeved on the nut (24).

10. The portable soil in-situ density tester according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the weighing apparatus comprises a working platform (28), a base (29), a platform body (13) for supporting a small gear and a jack, and a base rotating shaft (31); the weighing instrument adopts an electronic balance (30) which has the advantages of high precision, electromechanical integration, capability of rapidly measuring mass, signal conversion display and the like, and the electronic balance (30) is arranged in the middle of a working platform (28) connected with a base (29).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of soil body density testing, in particular to a portable soil body in-situ density tester.

Background

The density of soil is the mass of a soil body in unit volume, is used as one of basic physical mechanical property indexes of the rock-soil body, reflects the compactness of the soil body, is used as a technical index for evaluating the quality of engineering in the engineering of buildings, water conservancy, roads and bridges and the like, and provides necessary calculation parameters for soil body related parameter determination and related design for soil body category division, so that the accurate measurement of the density has very important significance for related physical mechanical parameters.

Many existing density testing methods are provided, such as traditional density testing methods of a sand-pouring method, a water-pouring method, a cutting ring method and the like, and density testing methods with later time proposed by an electric soil sampler method, an additional mass method, a volume replacement method, a rapid penetration method, a nuclear density hygrometer method, a nuclear-free densitometer method and the like. The sand filling method is time-consuming, labor-consuming, low in testing efficiency, large in error and multiple in influence factor, and is a link which often causes disputes between quality inspection departments and construction units during testing, and selects standard sand; the sand filling method is mainly suitable for measuring the density of the on-site coarse-grained soil, and has the defects of time consumption, waste force, complicated detection process, many artificial and objective environmental influence factors, low test efficiency and precision and the like although the method has simple instruments and simple and convenient operation; although the cutting ring method has the advantages of simple instrument, convenience in carrying, simplicity and convenience in operation and small sample quantity, the cutting ring method has the defects of large destructiveness to a structural layer, low detection efficiency, soil layer structure destruction, large influence of human factors, poor result representativeness, small application range, large influence of factors such as soil body types and the like, and after the cutting ring enters the soil body, certain stress can be generated to enable the surrounding soil body to be influenced to a certain extent, and sometimes the overall construction progress of the engineering can be even influenced; although the nuclear density apparatus method and the non-nuclear density apparatus method belong to a fast nondestructive indirect detection soil body density method, the former needs to carry out a complicated calibration process before the instrument leaves a factory and before the test work is carried out, and simultaneously the nuclear density apparatus method has a certain radiation danger, so that the requirements on field detection workers and detection sites are large, while the non-nuclear density apparatus method of the latter changes the defect that the nuclear density apparatus method has the radiation danger, but also carries out the more complicated instrument calibration work, and the two methods are short in time at home and lack corresponding legal regulations to standardize the detection process; the use of the additional mass method is mainly applied to the detection of the in-situ density of the rockfill body, and the density detection of other soil bodies needs to be further verified; the volume displacement method and the rapid penetration method are short in extraction time, and lack of a large amount of actual engineering for checking the accuracy of detection results.

The invention seeks a testing method suitable for field soil density and aims to achieve the characteristic that the instrument is convenient to carry. Therefore, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: weighing the volume and the mass of the soil body, and further calculating the in-situ density of the soil body; selecting power equipment required by penetration and lifting of the instrument; how the power equipment is connected with the sampling structure; how to select a sampling structure to rapidly cut off the soil body; how to make the whole detecting instrument achieve the purpose of convenient carrying, and the like.

Therefore, the inventor provides a portable soil body in-situ density tester by integrating various factors.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a portable soil body in-situ density tester to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a portable soil body in-situ density tester comprises five parts, namely power equipment, soil taking equipment, a bulldozing structure, a weighing instrument and a base; the power equipment is divided into a lifting device and a pressing device; the downward pressing device adopts an invertible jack mechanism, and the jack mechanism comprises an upper bearing steel plate, a lower bearing steel plate, a bolt and a jack, wherein the upper bearing steel plate and the lower bearing steel plate are used for fixing the jack.

As a further scheme of the invention: the jack comprises a jack base, a jack main body, an operating rod and a jack body, wherein the jack base is fixed on the upper bearing steel plate through a bolt, and a jack operating mechanism is arranged on the jack base; the jack main body is fixed between the two bearing plates, and the jack body penetrates out through a round hole in the middle of the lower bearing steel plate.

As a further scheme of the invention: the lifting device adopts a small gear structure which consists of five parts, namely a transmission gear, a transmission rack, a hand-operated handle, a transmission rack bracket and a support frame; drive gear install on the platform body, drive gear and hand handle fixed connection, the driving rack is installed on the driving rack support, the driving rack combines with drive gear, and after accomplishing the soil body sample, hoisting device rotates drive gear through shaking hand handle, through combining the rack on the driving rack support, and then drives the structure and shifts up, conveniently provides the soil layer with the sample.

As a further scheme of the invention: the bulldozing structure comprises a bulldozing rod position control screw, a bulldozing piston, a bulldozing rod, scale marks and a bulldozing handle.

As a further scheme of the invention: the soil pushing rod control screw rod is inserted into a bolt and fixed before a test, so that a soil pushing piston is pushed to move downwards to compress a soil body and damage the structure of the soil layer in the process that a jack presses an instrument to enter the soil layer, and in addition, after the position of the soil pushing piston is fixed through the device, the volume of the soil taking cylinder structure can be read through scale marks; after the soil body in-situ density test is completed, the bulldozing handle is taken down and buckled with the upper jack jacking body, and a bulldozing rod is pushed to further drive a bulldozing piston to push out the soil body.

As a further scheme of the invention: the soil sampling device adopts a soil sampler for quickly extracting an undisturbed soil sample, and mainly comprises a soil sampling cylinder structure, a cutting ring structure, an arc-shaped cutting knife, a connecting rod, a nut and a handle connected to the nut; the soil sampling cylinder structure comprises an outer cylinder body, an inner cylinder body and a pin, wherein the outer wall of the inner cylinder body is attached to the inner wall of the outer cylinder body, the inner cylinder body and the outer cylinder body are fixed together through the pin hole in the surface of the outer cylinder body, and the pin can be pulled out during bulldozing to separate the two structures.

As a further scheme of the invention: the soil sampling cylinder structure lower extreme is provided with arc cutting knife structure, and the arc cutting knife is placed in the arc wall, and the arc wall divide into inside and outside two parts, and the cutting knife cutting edge does not bulge soil sampling cylinder inner wall to this cutting knife reaches the effect of cutting off the soil body.

As a further scheme of the invention: the connecting rod is placed in a guide hole penetrating through the top end of the outer cylinder, the lower end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the arc-shaped cutting knife, and the upper end of the connecting rod is fixed through a nut, so that the connecting rod is not easy to jump out of the guide hole.

As a further scheme of the invention: the nut is sleeved with the handle, when the soil sampler penetrates to a preset depth, the handle is pulled to drive the arc-shaped cutting knife connected to the connecting rod to cut off the soil body, and the arc-shaped cutting knife can play a role in supporting the soil body in the soil sampling barrel in the process of lifting the soil sample out of the soil layer after cutting off the soil body, so that the problem of sample falling caused by the structural influence of the soil sampler in the above content is directly avoided.

As a further scheme of the invention: the weighing instrument comprises a working platform, a base, a platform body for supporting the small gear and the jack, and a base rotating shaft; the weighing instrument adopts an electronic balance which has the advantages of high precision, electromechanical integration, capability of rapidly measuring mass, signal conversion display and the like, and the electronic balance is arranged in the middle of a working platform connected with the base.

The testing steps are as follows:

the first step is as follows: and selecting a place needing to detect the in-situ density, flattening the periphery of the place, facilitating the placement of instruments and the work of measurement operators, checking whether electromagnetic equipment influencing the work of the electronic balance exists around the test place, lubricating a gear, coating vaseline in the soil sampling cylinder and the like to reduce resistance in the process of penetrating into the soil.

The second step is that: weighing and recording the mass of the soil sampling cylinder and the auxiliary equipment thereof, checking the working conditions of the arc-shaped cutting knife, the soil pushing piston and the like, fixing the position of the piston and determining the volume.

The third step: and placing the soil sampling cylinder at the bottom of the jack, fixing the soil sampling cylinder through a connecting structure, and rotating the base to a point to be measured. The soil taking cylinder is driven by pressing the jack to slowly penetrate into the soil layer, and the soil body is cut off by the arc-shaped cutting knife after the soil taking depth is reached.

The fourth step: the hand crank handle is rotated to drive the transmission rack, the instrument is slowly lifted out of the soil body, the base rotating shaft is rotated, the instrument is adjusted to move the soil taking barrel to the upper portion of the electronic balance, the handle is slowly rotated clockwise to move the jack downwards until the soil taking barrel is placed on the electronic balance, and the connecting device is opened to weigh the soil body and the weight of the instrument.

The fifth step: the recorded data is collected into a computer.

And a sixth step: and (3) taking down the position control screw of the soil pushing rod, pushing the piston by using the soil pushing rod to take out the soil body in the soil taking cylinder, repeating the steps to carry out soil taking test on the test site again until the test depth meets the corresponding requirement, and recording corresponding data to fill in the table.

The seventh step: and calculating and analyzing test data, eliminating unavailable data, and comprehensively determining the in-situ density of the soil body.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention provides a portable soil body in-situ density tester, which is ingenious in structural arrangement and reasonable in arrangement, has the advantages of capability of measuring the in-situ density of a soil body, clear test principle, simple structure, few test steps, capability of freely controlling the speed of soil sampling after soil is penetrated into a soil layer and sampling is completed, high soil sampling efficiency, and capability of improving the sampling efficiency and reducing the detection time by adopting the soil sampling cylinder structure of a rapid soil sampling device.

2. The invention further adopts an instrument which has small volume, does not need an external power supply and is convenient to carry, the average natural density of the soil sample is directly measured, and the soil sample is pushed out after the test is finished, thereby avoiding the secondary disturbance of the test and improving the accuracy of the density test result.

3. The nut is further sleeved with a handle, when the soil sampler penetrates to a preset depth, the handle is pulled to drive the arc-shaped cutting knife connected to the connecting rod to cut off a soil body, and the arc-shaped cutting knife can play a role in supporting the soil body in the soil sampling barrel in the process of lifting the soil sample out of the soil layer after cutting off the soil body, so that the problem of sample falling caused by the influence of the structure of the soil sampler in the above content is directly avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;

fig. 4 is a plan view of the upper bearing steel plate in the present invention.

The labels in the figure are: 1. a transmission gear; 2. a drive rack; 3. a hand-cranking handle; 4. a drive rack support; 5. a support frame; 6. the upper bearing steel plate; 7. a lower bearing steel plate; 8. a jack main body; 9. a jack operating mechanism; 10. a jack base; 11. a jack body; 12. a bolt; 13. a platform body; 14. a bulldozer handle; 15. a bulldozer rod position control screw; 16. a dozing piston; 17. a bulldozer rod; 18. scale lines; 19. buckling; 20. an outer cylinder; 21. an inner cylinder; 22. a ring cutter mechanism; 23. an arc-shaped cutting knife; 24. a nut; 25. a handle; 26. a connecting rod; 27. a pin; 28. a working platform; 29. a base; 30. an electronic balance; 31. a base rotation shaft; 32. an arc-shaped groove.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1-4, a portable soil body in-situ density tester comprises five parts, namely power equipment, soil taking equipment, a soil pushing structure, a weighing instrument and a base 29; the power equipment is divided into a lifting device and a pressing device; the downward pressing device adopts an invertible jack mechanism, and the jack mechanism comprises an upper bearing steel plate 6, a lower bearing steel plate 7, a bolt 12 and a jack, wherein the jack mechanism is used for fixing the jack; the jack comprises a jack base 10, a jack main body 8, an operating rod and a jack body 11, wherein the jack base 10 is fixed on the upper bearing steel plate 6 through a bolt 12, and a jack operating mechanism 9 is installed on the jack base 10; the jack main body 8 is fixed between the two bearing plates, and the jack body 11 penetrates out through a round hole in the middle of the lower bearing steel plate 7; the lifting device adopts a small gear structure, and the structure consists of five parts, namely a transmission gear 1, a transmission rack 2, a hand-operated handle 3, a transmission rack bracket 4 and a support frame 5; the lifting device is characterized in that the transmission gear 1 is installed on the platform body 13, the transmission gear 1 is fixedly connected with the hand-operated handle 3, the transmission rack 2 is installed on the transmission rack support 4, the transmission rack 2 is combined with the transmission gear 1, after sampling of a soil body is completed, the lifting device rotates the transmission gear 1 by shaking the hand-operated handle 3, and the structure is driven to move upwards by the rack combined on the transmission rack support 4, so that the sample is conveniently lifted out of the soil layer; the bulldozing structure comprises a bulldozing rod position control screw 15, a bulldozing piston 16, a bulldozing rod 17, scale marks 18 and a bulldozing handle 14; the control screw of the bulldozing rod 17 is inserted into the bolt 12 and fixed before the test, so as to prevent the bulldozing piston 16 from moving downwards to compress soil and damage the structure of the soil layer when the jack presses the instrument to enter the soil layer, and in addition, after the position of the bulldozing piston 16 is fixed by the device, the volume of the soil taking barrel structure can be read through the scale mark 18; after the soil body in-situ density test is finished, the bulldozing handle 14 is taken down to take the buckle 19 between the bulldozing handle and the upper jack jacking body 11, and pushes the bulldozing rod 17 to further drive the bulldozing piston 16 to push out the soil body; the soil sampling device adopts a soil sampler for quickly extracting an undisturbed soil sample, and mainly comprises a soil sampling cylinder structure, a cutting ring mechanism 22, an arc-shaped cutting knife 23, a connecting rod 26, a nut 24 and a handle 25 connected to the nut 24; the soil sampling cylinder structure comprises an outer cylinder body 20, an inner cylinder body 21 and a pin 27, wherein the outer wall of the inner cylinder body 21 is attached to the inner wall of the outer cylinder body 20, the outer cylinder body 21 and the inner wall of the outer cylinder body 20 are fixed together through the pin hole in the surface of the outer cylinder body 20 by the pin 27, and the pin 27 can be pulled out when soil is pushed to separate the two structures; the soil sampling cylinder is characterized in that an arc-shaped cutting knife 23 structure is arranged at the lower end of the soil sampling cylinder structure, the arc-shaped cutting knife 23 is placed in an arc-shaped groove 32, the arc-shaped groove 32 is divided into an inner part and an outer part, and the cutting edge of the cutting knife does not protrude out of the inner wall of the soil sampling cylinder, so that the effect of cutting off soil bodies is achieved by the cutting knife. The connecting rod 26 is placed in a guide hole penetrating through the top end of the outer cylinder body 20, the lower end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the arc-shaped cutting knife 23, the upper end of the connecting rod is fixed through a nut 24, so that the connecting rod cannot jump out of the guide hole, a handle 25 is sleeved on the nut 24, when the soil sampler penetrates to a preset depth, the handle 25 is pulled to drive the arc-shaped cutting knife 23 connected to the connecting rod 26 to cut off a soil body, and the arc-shaped cutting knife 23 can play a role in jacking the soil body in the soil sampling cylinder in the process of lifting the soil sample out of the soil layer after cutting off the soil body, so that the sample falling problem caused by the structural influence of the soil sampler in the content is directly avoided; the weighing instrument comprises a working platform 28, a base 29, a platform body 13 for supporting a small gear and a jack, and a base rotating shaft 31; the weighing instrument adopts an electronic balance 30 which has the advantages of high precision, electromechanical integration, capability of rapidly measuring mass, signal conversion display and the like, and the electronic balance 30 is arranged in the middle of a working platform 28 connected with a base 29.

The working principle is as follows: the density of the soil body is the mass of the soil body in unit volume, and two problems need to be solved in the design process, namely the measurement of the volume of the soil body, the determination of the mass of the sample soil is another important content, and the natural density of the soil body can be known through the ratio of the mass to the volume; a jack and a transmission gear 1 are used as force application structures and are respectively arranged on a platform body 13 and a support frame 5, the jack is inverted and is connected with a lower soil sampling structure, a cutting knife for cutting a soil body is fixedly connected to the lower soil sampling device from a guide hole through a connecting rod 26, threads are arranged on the upper portion of the connecting rod 26, and a handle 25 is welded to a nut 24 to pull the connecting rod 26 to drive the lower cutting knife to cut the soil body. The in-situ density is determined by directly measuring the mass and the volume of the soil body.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present patent have been described in detail, the present patent is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present patent within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.