Solar cell with decoration, preparation method and cell module
阅读说明：本技术 具有装饰性的太阳能电池及制备方法、电池组件 (Solar cell with decoration, preparation method and cell module ) 是由 黄强 刘双超 闻乐 刘非 陆志强 于 2020-06-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了具有装饰性的太阳能电池,包括太阳能电池片和沉积于太阳能电池片上的多个金属电极；根据设置的多个金属电极的形状以及多个金属电极在太阳能电池片上的分布位置,使得多个金属电极对光具有不同的反射和干涉,从而使得多个金属电极形成的金属导电图形在预设距离观看时呈现具有装饰性的图案,从而使得太阳能电池以及封装后的太阳能电池组件具有美观性,解决了现有技术中解决太阳能电池以及电池组件的美观性时需要在电池组件封装时增加额外的美化膜层或遮挡物导致封装难度大以及美观性差等问题。本发明还公开了具有装饰性的太阳能电池的制备方法及太阳能电池组件。(The invention discloses a solar cell with decoration, which comprises a solar cell sheet and a plurality of metal electrodes deposited on the solar cell sheet; according to the shape of the plurality of metal electrodes and the distribution positions of the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell, the plurality of metal electrodes reflect and interfere light differently, the metal conductive patterns formed by the plurality of metal electrodes present decorative patterns when viewed at a preset distance, the solar cell and the packaged solar cell module have attractiveness, and the problems that when the attractiveness of the solar cell and the solar cell module in the prior art is solved, an extra beautifying film layer or shielding object needs to be added to increase the packaging difficulty of the solar cell module during packaging, the packaging difficulty is large, the attractiveness is poor, and the like are solved. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the decorative solar cell and a solar cell module.)
1. The solar cell with the decoration function is characterized by comprising a solar cell sheet and a plurality of metal electrodes deposited on the solar cell sheet; according to the shape of the plurality of metal electrodes and the distribution positions of the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell sheet, the plurality of metal electrodes have different reflections and interferences to light, so that a metal conductive pattern formed by the plurality of metal electrodes presents a decorative pattern when viewed from a preset distance.
2. The solar cell with decoration according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the metal electrode comprises the height, width, length, and angle of the top section of the metal electrode to the surface of the solar cell sheet.
3. The decorative solar cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes ranges from 60nm to 150 nm.
4. The decorative solar cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface of the top of one or more metal electrodes is provided with a color coating.
5. The ornamental solar cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solar cell comprises any one of the following cells: heterojunction cell, black silicon cell, PERC cell, TOPCON cell and laminated cell composed of the above cell and other thin film cell.
6. The decorative solar cell of claim 1, wherein the metal electrode is comprised of any one or more of the following metals: metallic silver, metallic copper and metallic aluminum.
7. A method of manufacturing a solar cell with decoration according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method of manufacturing comprises:
in the process of screen printing of the solar cell, different metal electrodes are printed for corresponding times in a manner of overprinting, so that the metal electrodes on the solar cell have height differences;
or in the electroplating process of the solar cell, the deposition speed of different metal electrodes is controlled by controlling the current density of electroplating, so that the metal electrodes on the solar cell have height difference;
or in the electroplating process of the solar cell, electroplating different metal electrodes for corresponding times in a register electroplating mode, so that the metal electrodes on the solar cell have height differences.
8. A method of manufacturing a solar cell with decoration according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method of manufacturing comprises:
step S11: forming a plurality of grooves in various shapes on the laser transfer film;
step S12: filling conductive metal slurry in each groove to form a corresponding metal electrode, and scraping redundant conductive metal slurry on the surface of the laser transfer printing film;
step S13: and transferring the metal electrode in each groove onto the surface of the solar cell piece through a laser heating process.
9. The method for manufacturing a solar cell with a decorative effect as claimed in claim 8, wherein the step S12 includes: firstly, printing and filling conductive metal slurry in each groove by a printing process, and removing residual redundant conductive metal slurry on the surface of the electrode carrier film by a scraper after all grooves are filled, thereby forming a conductor in each groove; each conductor is then electroplated with a conductive metal paste by an electroplating process such that each conductor extends to an area outside the electrode carrier film to form a corresponding metal electrode.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the conductive metal paste comprises a combination of one or more of the following pastes: metal silver paste, metal copper paste and metal aluminum paste.
11. A method of manufacturing a solar cell with decoration according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method of manufacturing comprises:
step S21: providing a plurality of grooves forming various shapes on the electrode carrier film;
step S22: filling a conductive metal material in each groove to form a corresponding metal electrode;
step S23: and adhering each metal electrode on the surface of the solar cell piece, so that each metal electrode is electrically connected with the solar cell piece, and further an electrode carrier film is positioned on the solar cell piece.
12. The method for manufacturing a solar cell with a decorative effect as claimed in claim 11, wherein the step S22 includes: printing and filling conductive metal slurry in each groove by a printing process, and removing residual redundant conductive metal slurry on the surface of the electrode carrier film by a scraper after all the grooves are filled, thereby forming a conductor in each groove; then, electroplating conductive metal slurry on each conductor by an electroplating process to enable each conductor to extend to the region outside the electrode carrier film, and further forming a protruding metal electrode;
alternatively, the step S22 includes: firstly, depositing a conductive metal film layer in each groove by a sputtering process, and removing the conductive metal film layer on the surface of the electrode carrier film by a grinding process after the deposition of all the grooves is finished; and then depositing conductive metal slurry on each conductive metal film layer through an electroplating process so that each conductive metal film layer extends to the region outside the electrode carrier film to form a corresponding metal electrode.
13. The method for manufacturing a solar cell with a decorative effect as claimed in claim 11, wherein the step S23 includes: combining each metal electrode with a conductive substance on the surface of the solar cell piece through a metal conductive adhesive so that each metal electrode is electrically connected with the solar cell piece; wherein the metal conductive adhesive is conductive metal paste or conductive adhesive tape; the conductive substance on the surface of the solar cell is a conductive film or conductive metal slurry.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the conductive metal paste comprises a combination of one or more of the following pastes: metal silver paste, metal copper paste and metal aluminum paste.
15. A solar cell module with decoration, characterized in that the solar cell module comprises a front cover plate, a first adhesive layer, a plurality of solar cells, a second adhesive layer and a back cover plate; the solar cell is arranged between the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer; the front cover plate is arranged on the first bonding layer, and the rear cover plate is arranged below the second bonding layer; each solar cell is the solar cell with decoration according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
16. The ornamental solar cell module as claimed in claim 15, wherein the adjacent solar cells are connected in series by a solder-coated ribbon between the metal electrodes of the corresponding solar cells.
17. The decorative solar cell module as claimed in claim 15, wherein each solar cell comprises a plurality of cell slices, and edge portions of adjacent cell slices are connected in series in a stacked manner such that each cell slice is divided into an overlapping portion and a non-overlapping portion; the adjacent cell slices are connected in series by metal electrodes corresponding to the overlapped portions of the cell slices.
18. The solar cell module with decoration according to claim 17, wherein the thickness of the metal electrode of the overlapped part of the cut cell slice is thinner than that of the metal electrode of the non-overlapped part of the cut cell slice.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a production process of a solar cell, in particular to a decorative solar cell, a preparation method thereof and a solar cell module.
Background
At present, photovoltaic power generation is a power generation technology for converting solar energy into electric energy by using the photovoltaic effect of semiconductors. In general, a common solar cell is a separation layer which forms positive and negative charges on the surface of a silicon wafer of 156mm-210mm in a doping mode; when the sun irradiates the surface of the silicon wafer, positive or negative charges in two single forms are respectively formed on the two surfaces of the silicon wafer, and the charges are collected by metal electrodes on the surfaces to realize external power supply. The metal electrode on the front surface of the battery is divided into the thin grid lines and the main grid lines, and current collection is realized through the thin grid lines and the main grid lines and is transmitted to the outside. In the using process, a layer of blue-black film is arranged on the surfaces of the battery units to serve as a protective film, then the battery units are connected through welding tapes and packaged in an EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer)/POE (Polyolefin elastomer), a back plate and a transparent glass cover plate, and the photovoltaic module capable of resisting normal work in a severe environment in the nature is formed.
In the actual use process of the photovoltaic module, the transparent glass cover plate, the metal electrode on the surface of the battery, the welding strip, the blue-black film and the like can be observed by people from various angles from the bottom of the photovoltaic module; particularly, due to the physical principle of interference extinction, the blue-black film can generate different colors along with different observation angles, so that the attractiveness of the photovoltaic module is affected.
Currently, there are two main ways in the prior art to achieve the aesthetic appearance of solar modules:
one is to use a black back plate and a black polymer adhesive tape to shield the main grid line on the upper surface of the solar cell. Although this approach can change the uniformity of the appearance of the solar cell, it cannot eliminate the different color variations of the blue-black film depending on the viewing angle.
The second method is to add a camouflage cover layer on or under the glass cover plate. In a common method, a louver formed by colored polymer or a camouflage film with a metal ion deposition surface is added between a glass cover plate and an EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer)/POE (Polyolefin elastomer) encapsulant film. As shown in fig. 1, a conventional solar cell module generally includes an
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell with decoration, which can solve the problem of poor photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell caused by adding a decorative beautification film layer or a shielding material during the packaging of a solar cell module in the prior art.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a solar cell with decoration, which can solve the problem of poor photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell caused by adding a decorative film layer or a shielding material during the packaging of a solar cell module in the prior art.
The invention also provides a decorative solar cell module, which can solve the problem that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a solar cell is poor due to the addition of a decorative beautifying film layer or a shielding object during the packaging of the solar cell module in the prior art.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the solar cell with the decoration function comprises a solar cell sheet and a plurality of metal electrodes deposited on the solar cell sheet; according to the shape of the plurality of metal electrodes and the distribution positions of the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell sheet, the plurality of metal electrodes have different reflections and interferences to light, so that a metal conductive pattern formed by the plurality of metal electrodes presents a decorative pattern when viewed from a preset distance.
Further, the shape of the metal electrode comprises the height, width, length, and angle of the top section of the metal electrode to the surface of the solar cell.
Further, the height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes ranges from 60nm to 150 nm.
Further, the surface of the top of the one or more metal electrodes is provided with a color coating.
Further, the solar cell includes any one of the following cells: heterojunction cell, black silicon cell, PERC cell, TOPCON cell and laminated cell composed of the above cell and other thin film cell.
Further, the metal electrode is composed of any one or more of the following metals: metallic silver, metallic copper and metallic aluminum.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the first scheme is as follows:
a method for preparing a solar cell having a decorative property, which is employed as one of the objects of the present invention, the method comprising:
in the process of screen printing of the solar cell, different metal electrodes are printed for corresponding times in a manner of overprinting, so that the metal electrodes on the solar cell have height differences;
or in the electroplating process of the solar cell, the deposition speed of different metal electrodes is controlled by controlling the current density of electroplating, so that the metal electrodes on the solar cell have height difference;
or in the electroplating process of the solar cell, electroplating different metal electrodes for corresponding times in a register electroplating mode, so that the metal electrodes on the solar cell have height differences.
Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step S11: forming a plurality of grooves in various shapes on the laser transfer film;
step S12: filling conductive metal slurry in each groove to form a corresponding metal electrode, and scraping redundant conductive metal slurry on the surface of the laser transfer printing film;
step S13: and transferring the metal electrode in each groove onto the surface of the solar cell piece through a laser heating process.
Further, the step S12 includes: firstly, printing and filling conductive metal slurry in each groove by a printing process, and removing residual redundant conductive metal slurry on the surface of the electrode carrier film by a scraper after all grooves are filled, thereby forming a conductor in each groove; each conductor is then electroplated with a conductive metal paste by an electroplating process such that each conductor extends to an area outside the electrode carrier film to form a corresponding metal electrode.
Further, the conductive metal paste includes a combination of one or more of the following pastes: metal silver paste, metal copper paste and metal aluminum paste.
Scheme II:
a method for preparing a solar cell having a decorative property, which is employed as one of the objects of the present invention, the method comprising:
step S21: providing a plurality of grooves forming various shapes on the electrode carrier film;
step S22: filling a conductive metal material in each groove to form a corresponding metal electrode;
step S23: and adhering each metal electrode on the surface of the solar cell piece, so that each metal electrode is electrically connected with the solar cell piece, and further an electrode carrier film is positioned on the solar cell piece.
Further, the step S22 includes: printing and filling conductive metal slurry in each groove by a printing process, and removing residual redundant conductive metal slurry on the surface of the electrode carrier film by a scraper after all the grooves are filled, thereby forming a conductor in each groove; then, electroplating conductive metal slurry on each conductor by an electroplating process to enable each conductor to extend to the region outside the electrode carrier film, and further forming a protruding metal electrode;
alternatively, the step S22 includes: firstly, depositing a conductive metal film layer in each groove by a sputtering process, and removing the conductive metal film layer on the surface of the electrode carrier film by a grinding process after the deposition of all the grooves is finished; and then depositing conductive metal paste on each conductive metal film layer through an electroplating process so that each conductive metal film layer extends to the region outside the electrode carrier film to form a corresponding metal electrode.
Further, the step S23 includes: combining each metal electrode with a conductive substance on the surface of the solar cell piece through a metal conductive adhesive so that each metal electrode is electrically connected with the solar cell piece; wherein the metal conductive adhesive is conductive metal paste or conductive adhesive tape; the conductive substance on the surface of the solar cell is a conductive film or conductive metal slurry.
Further, the conductive metal paste includes a combination of one or more of the following pastes: metal silver paste, metal copper paste and metal aluminum paste.
The third purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a solar cell module with decoration, the solar cell module comprising a front cover plate, a first adhesive layer, a plurality of solar cells, a second adhesive layer and a back cover plate; the solar cell is arranged between the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer; the front cover plate is arranged on the first bonding layer, and the rear cover plate is arranged below the second bonding layer; each solar cell is a solar cell having a decorative property as employed for one of the objects of the present invention.
Further, adjacent solar cells are connected in series by a solder-coated ribbon between the metal electrodes of the corresponding solar cells.
Further, each solar cell includes a plurality of cell slices, and edge portions of adjacent cell slices are connected together in series in a stacked manner such that each cell slice is divided into an overlapping portion and a non-overlapping portion; the adjacent cell slices are connected in series by metal electrodes corresponding to the overlapped portions of the cell slices.
Further, the thickness of the metal electrode at the overlapped portion of the slice of the battery piece is thinner than that of the metal electrode at the non-overlapped portion of the slice of the battery piece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the shape of the metal electrodes on the cell piece of the solar cell and the distribution positions of the metal electrodes on the cell piece are improved, so that a plurality of metal electrodes form a metal conductive pattern; the plurality of metal electrodes on the cell piece have different reflection and interference characteristics under the irradiation of light, so that a metal conductive pattern formed by the plurality of metal electrodes presents a decorative pattern, the solar cell has attractiveness, the problems that in the prior art, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is reduced when beautification is realized by adding a decorative beautifying film layer or other shielding objects when a solar cell module is packaged and the like are solved, and meanwhile, the packaging difficulty and the packaging cost are reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a package structure of a solar cell module in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a metal electrode having a height difference on a solar cell provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a metal electrode having an angular difference in top cross-section on a solar cell according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view illustrating that a plurality of grooves are formed on a surface of a laser transfer film according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a metal conductor formed by filling a conductive metal paste in the trench of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the metal conductor in FIG. 5 being transferred to a cell sheet to form a metal electrode;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a solar cell provided with a color coating on the surface of the top of the metal electrode;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the present invention providing a groove on the surface of an electrode carrier film;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the conductor formed after filling the trench of FIG. 8 with a conductive metal paste;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the conductive metal paste being plated on the conductive body of FIG. 9 to form a metal electrode;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of the metal electrode formed in the groove of the electrode carrier film being attached to the cell sheet;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of filling a conductive metal film layer in the trench of FIG. 8;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a conductive metal paste deposited on the conductive metal film layer in FIG. 12 to form a metal electrode;
fig. 14 is a schematic view of a package structure of a solar cell module according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a vertical cross-sectional schematic view of FIG. 14;
fig. 16 is a second schematic view of a package structure of a solar cell module according to the present invention;
fig. 17 is a vertical cross-sectional schematic view of fig. 16.
In the figure: 101. a glass cover plate is arranged; 102. a decorative beautifying film layer; 103. a first encapsulation layer; 105. a solar cell; 107. a second encapsulation layer; 108. a lower glass cover plate; 400. a metal electrode; 401. a battery piece; 402. a first metal electrode; 403. a second metal electrode; 404. a first color-over layer; 405. a second color-coating layer; 406. a conductive adhesive; 505. a trench; 504. laser transfer printing film; 503. a first metal conductor; 600. a second metallic conductor; 602. an electrode carrier film; 700. a conductive metal film layer; 201. a front cover plate; 203. a first adhesive layer; 204. a first solar cell; 205. coating a tin welding strip; 206. a second solar cell; 207. a second adhesive layer; 208. a rear cover plate; 300. and (5) slicing the battery piece.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, and it should be noted that any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below can be used to form a new embodiment without conflict.
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