阅读说明：本技术 一种提高金属加工工具寿命的复合表面处理方法 (Composite surface treatment method for prolonging service life of metal processing tool ) 是由 常垲硕 郑光明 程祥 徐汝锋 赵光喜 刘焕宝 凌四营 于 2020-06-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种提高金属加工工具寿命的复合表面处理方法,包括下述工艺步骤：选择刀具,并采用丙酮溶液进行超声波清洗去除表面的油污等杂物；处理后工具进行微喷砂处理装置中,并保证待处理工具处于夹具中心,装置的喷砂料为Al<Sub>2</Sub>O<Sub>3</Sub>或ZrO<Sub>2</Sub>,并由水流带动颗粒；将处理后工具再次进行乙醇溶液超声波清洗,去除表面残余微喷砂颗粒；之后放入深冷箱中,缓慢降温,处理温度-140℃到-196℃,保温时间0-48h,处理完毕后进行200℃-300℃的回火处理,保温2-3h；处理完毕后取出工具,进行丙酮溶液的超声波清洗,即得。使用微喷砂与深冷处理复合工艺对金属加工工具进行表面处理,可以改善内部的组织,提高表面完整性,改善加工过程中的作用力,提高寿命。(A composite surface treatment method for prolonging the service life of a metal processing tool comprises the following process steps: selecting a cutter, and ultrasonically cleaning the cutter by adopting an acetone solution to remove impurities such as oil stains on the surface; the tool after treatment is carried out in a micro sand blasting device, and the tool to be treated is ensured to be positioned at the center of the clamp, and the sand blasting material of the device is Al 2 O 3 Or ZrO 2 And the particles are driven by the water flow; carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the treated tool by using an ethanol solution again to remove residual micro-blasting sand particles on the surface; then placing the mixture into a deep cooling box, slowly cooling the mixture at the treatment temperature of between 140 ℃ below zero and 196 ℃ below zero, keeping the temperature for 0 to 48 hours, tempering the mixture at the temperature of between 200 and 300 ℃ after the treatment is finished, and keeping the temperature for 2 to 3 hours; toAnd taking out the tool after finishing the treatment, and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the acetone solution to obtain the product. The surface treatment is carried out on the metal processing tool by using the micro-sand blasting and cryogenic treatment composite process, so that the internal structure can be improved, the surface integrity can be improved, the acting force in the processing process can be improved, and the service life can be prolonged.)

1. A composite surface treatment method for prolonging the service life of a metal processing tool is characterized by comprising the following process steps:

(1) selecting a processing tool, and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning by adopting an acetone solution to remove impurities such as oil stains on the surface;

(2) carrying out micro-sand blasting treatment, cleaning, placing in a micro-sand blasting treatment device, and ensuring that the tool to be treated is positioned at the center of the clamp, wherein the sand blasting material of the device is Al₂O₃Or ZrO₂And the particles are driven by the water flow;

(3) carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the treated tool by using an ethanol solution again to remove residual micro-blasting sand particles on the surface;

(4) putting the mixture into a deep cooling box, keeping the temperature for 0-48h at-140 ℃ to-196 ℃, and performing tempering treatment at 200-300 ℃ after the treatment is finished, keeping the temperature for 2-3 h;

(5) and taking out the tool after the treatment is finished, and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the acetone solution to obtain the product.

2. The composite surface treatment method for increasing the life of a metal working tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) carrying out micro-blasting treatment in the step (2), wherein the particle size is less than 50 mu m, preparing a micro-blasting liquid according to the water-material ratio of 4:1, and adopting the blasting time of 3-10s and the blasting pressure of 0-0.5 MPa.

3. The composite surface treatment method for increasing the life of a metal working tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), during the cryogenic treatment, two treatment methods are adopted, the liquid nitrogen gas is slowly cooled and is directly immersed in the liquid nitrogen for heat preservation, and in order to ensure the processing efficiency, the heat preservation time is generally 0-3 h.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a composite surface treatment method for prolonging the service life of a metal processing tool, belonging to the field of surface treatment.

Background

With the development of manufacturing industry, various new materials are continuously generated, and the processing requirements are higher and higher. The traditional metal processing tool has the advantages of high hardness, high wear resistance, high temperature resistance, high chemical stability, difficult bonding, low friction coefficient, long service life and the like, and becomes an important component of the mechanical processing industry. However, the conventional metal working tool quickly reaches the failure standard under the conditions of high speed, high heat and large abrasion when performing high-speed working, and has a short service life.

The micro sand blasting technology and the cutter cryogenic treatment technology have the advantages of high efficiency, cleanness, easy operation and the like. The micro-blasting sand surface treatment technology is a new surface treatment technology, and has the main advantages of strengthening the surface integrity, wherein the main strengthening direction is the surface integrity direction and mainly comprises the following steps: improving surface defect, increasing hardness and strengthening residual compressive stress on the surface. The surface cryogenic treatment technology is mature, the main strengthening direction is the internal organization of the cutter and the acting force during processing, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: the carbide of the cutter is uniformly distributed, the austenite is transformed into the martensite, and the processing acting force is improved.

The two technologies are combined to carry out surface post-treatment on the metal processing tool, and the two treatment methods have different emphasis points and small mutual interference, so that the acting force during processing is effectively improved on the premise of improving the surface integrity. Under the combined action of the two surface treatment technologies, the wear resistance, toughness, impact resistance and chipping resistance of the metal processing tool are obviously improved, the bonding strength of the coating is improved, and the service life is prolonged.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a composite surface treatment method for prolonging the service life of a metal processing tool, which can effectively improve the surface integrity and the cutting performance of the tool. The technical scheme is as follows:

a composite surface treatment method for increasing the life of a metalworking tool, comprising the steps of:

(1) selecting a processing tool, and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning by adopting an acetone solution to remove impurities such as oil stains on the surface;

(2) carrying out micro-sand blasting treatment, cleaning, placing in a micro-sand blasting treatment device, and ensuring that the tool to be treated is positioned at the center of the clamp, wherein the sand blasting material of the device is Al₂O₃Or ZrO₂And the particles are driven by the water flow;

(3) carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the treated tool by using an ethanol solution again to remove residual micro-blasting sand particles on the surface;

(4) putting the mixture into a deep cooling box, keeping the temperature for 0-48h at-140 ℃ to-196 ℃, and performing tempering treatment at 200-300 ℃ after the treatment is finished, keeping the temperature for 2-3 h;

(5) and taking out the tool after the treatment is finished, and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the acetone solution to obtain the product.

Further, the micro-blasting treatment in the step 2) is carried out, the particle size is lower than 50 μm, micro-blasting liquid is prepared according to the water-material ratio of 4:1, the blasting time is 3-10s, and the blasting pressure is 0-0.5 MPa.

Furthermore, in the step 4), during the cryogenic treatment, two treatment methods are adopted, the liquid nitrogen is slowly cooled and is directly immersed in the liquid nitrogen for heat preservation, and in order to ensure the processing efficiency, the heat preservation time is generally 0-24 h.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the micro-blasting surface treatment efficiency is high, the speed is high, the initial surface defects of the tool can be effectively eliminated, the hardness is improved, the residual compressive stress is strengthened, and the surface cracks are inhibited or eliminated. The service life of the tool obtained by the technology can be improved by more than 45%.

2. In the cryogenic treatment, the liquid nitrogen treatment can effectively make the residual austenite martensitic, and the subsequent tempering treatment can effectively eliminate the generated residual thermal stress and reduce the influence on the residual compressive stress after the micro-blasting treatment. Through cryogenic treatment, the acting force of the tool during machining is obviously reduced, and the machining condition is better. Further prolonging the service life of the tool after micro-blasting treatment.

Detailed Description