阅读说明：本技术 一种酒厂污泥有机肥制备方法 (Preparation method of distillery sludge organic fertilizer ) 是由 徐滔明 张晓东 熊刚 章磊 廖宁安 于 2020-07-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种酒厂污泥有机肥制备方法：取酒厂脱水污泥、发酵辅料和豆饼粉为原料,充分混合均匀,得混合物料；将所述混合物料进行微波灭活,得灭活物料；将所述灭活物料冷却至室温,添加复合发酵菌剂,混合均匀后进行好氧发酵,得发酵物料；所述发酵物料经冷却、粉碎、筛分,即成。本发明通过对酒厂污泥进行好氧发酵堆肥化处理,实现对酒厂污泥的精准资源化利用目标；发酵前微波灭活处理,采用复合发酵菌剂,加快有机物料腐熟速度,发酵过程臭气少,发酵周期短；制备的酒厂污泥有机肥成品,通过检测,符合有机肥执行标准,其肥效充分,施用此种有机肥,可改良土壤板结状况,改善作物品质,提高作物产量。(A preparation method of a winery sludge organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: taking the brewery dewatered sludge, fermentation auxiliary materials and bean cake powder as raw materials, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material; performing microwave inactivation on the mixed material to obtain an inactivated material; cooling the inactivated material to room temperature, adding a compound fermentation microbial inoculum, mixing uniformly, and performing aerobic fermentation to obtain a fermentation material; and cooling, crushing and screening the fermented material to obtain the fermented material. The invention realizes the aim of accurate resource utilization of the sludge of the winery by carrying out aerobic fermentation composting treatment on the sludge of the winery; the microwave inactivation treatment is carried out before the fermentation, and the compound fermentation inoculant is adopted, so that the decomposition speed of the organic materials is accelerated, the odor in the fermentation process is less, and the fermentation period is short; the prepared finished product of the distillery sludge organic fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer execution standard through detection, the fertilizer efficiency is sufficient, and the application of the organic fertilizer can improve the soil hardening condition, improve the crop quality and improve the crop yield.)

1. A preparation method of a winery sludge organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) material mixing: taking the brewery dewatered sludge, fermentation auxiliary materials and bean cake powder as raw materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;

(2) inactivation of the mixed materials: performing microwave inactivation on the mixed material to obtain an inactivated material;

(3) aerobic fermentation: cooling the inactivated material to room temperature, adding a compound fermentation microbial inoculum, mixing uniformly, and performing aerobic fermentation to obtain a fermentation material; the strains of the composite fermentation inoculant are bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, thermophilic bacteria, saccharomycetes, trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma viride;

(4) and (3) cooling and forming: and cooling, crushing and screening the fermented material to obtain the fermented material.

2. The preparation method of the distillery sludge organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of brewery dewatered sludge, 10-30 parts of fermentation auxiliary materials and 2-5 parts of bean cake powder.

3. The preparation method of the distillery sludge organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (1), the distillery dewatered sludge is obtained by plate-and-frame filter-pressing, dewatering and crushing of residual distillery sludge, and the water content of the residual distillery sludge is less than or equal to 60%.

4. The preparation method of the distillery sludge organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the step (1), the fermentation auxiliary material is selected from at least one of dry and clean pig manure, mushroom residue, bran coat, straw and wood chips.

5. The preparation method of the distillery sludge organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (2), the microwave inactivation is performed by placing the mixed material in a microwave inactivation machine, raising the temperature in the equipment to 120 ℃, and then performing heat preservation treatment for more than 30 min.

6. The preparation method of the brewery sludge organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (3), the mass of the composite fermentation inoculant is 0.08-0.15% of the mass of the mixed material.

7. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer for the brewery sludge as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the step (3), the number ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the thermophilic bacteria, the saccharomycetes, the trichoderma harzianum and the trichoderma viride in the composite fermentation inoculant is 4.6-5.4: 2.4-3.6: 1.6-2.4: 0.5-1.5: 1.5-2.5: 0.8-1.2.

8. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer from the brewery sludge according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the step (3), the aerobic fermentation is any one of stacking fermentation, tank fermentation and equipment fermentation.

9. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer from the brewery sludge according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the aerobic fermentation time in the step (3) is 7 to 9 days.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by taking sludge as a raw material, in particular to a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by taking sludge from a winery as a raw material.

Background

At present, the sludge treatment and disposal scale in China is huge, but the safe disposal rate is low, the sludge resource utilization degree is not high, and the sludge safety disposal faces huge pressure due to the increase of the sludge yield and the lag of the harmless disposal technology. With the increasing deepening of the environmental protection degree, more and more different types of sludge are brought into the scope of standardized treatment and disposal.

Composting is the main method of sludge treatment at present, pathogenic bacteria in the sludge can be killed and water can be evaporated through high-temperature aerobic fermentation, and the sludge is further reduced and harmless. Generally, the production of the winery sludge is small, and the large-scale disposal is difficult. The content of organic components in the winery sludge is high, anaerobic fermentation is easy to occur due to improper treatment, and the fermented product smells. Under the condition of unchanging fermentation efficiency, the fermentation period is long due to the high content of organic components, and the production is not facilitated.

CN110183079A discloses a sludge aerobic fermentation treatment method, which comprises the following steps: crushing and sieving the sludge; mixing with fermentation auxiliary material powder; microwave inactivation; and (5) aerobic fermentation. When the content of organic matters is low (24.7%), the addition amount of zymophyte is large (2%); when the method is used for treating the winery sludge with high organic component content, the problem of insufficient fermentation efficiency of zymophyte exists.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the defects in the prior art are overcome, and the preparation method of the winery sludge organic fertilizer is simple to operate, low in investment treatment cost and short in production period; the organic fertilizer produced by the method has sufficient fertilizer efficiency, and realizes the resource utilization of solid wastes.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a preparation method of a winery sludge organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) material mixing: taking the brewery dewatered sludge, fermentation auxiliary materials and bean cake powder as raw materials, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;

(2) inactivation of the mixed materials: performing microwave inactivation on the mixed material to obtain an inactivated material;

(3) aerobic fermentation: cooling the inactivated material to room temperature, adding a compound fermentation microbial inoculum, mixing uniformly, and performing aerobic fermentation to obtain a fermentation material; the strains of the composite fermentation inoculant are bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, thermophilic bacteria, saccharomycetes, trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma viride;

(4) and (3) cooling and forming: and cooling, crushing and screening the fermented material to obtain the fermented material.

Preferably, in step (1), the composition of the raw materials is: 100 parts of brewery dewatered sludge, 10-30 parts of fermentation auxiliary materials and 2-5 parts of bean cake powder.

Preferably, in the step (1), the brewery dewatered sludge is obtained by press-filtering, dewatering and crushing the residual sludge of the brewery by using a plate frame, and the water content is less than or equal to 60%.

Preferably, in the step (1), the fermentation auxiliary materials are selected from at least one of dry and clean pig manure, mushroom residues, bran coat, straw and wood chips.

Preferably, in the step (2), the microwave inactivation means that the mixed material is placed in a microwave inactivation machine, the temperature in the equipment is raised to 120 ℃, and then the heat preservation treatment is carried out for more than 30 min.

Preferably, in the step (3), the mass of the composite fermentation inoculant is 0.08-0.15% of the mass of the mixed material.

Preferably, in the step (3), the number ratio of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, thermophilic bacteria, saccharomycetes, trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma viride in the composite fermentation inoculant is 4.6-5.4: 2.4-3.6: 1.6-2.4: 0.5-1.5: 1.5-2.5: 0.8-1.2; the inventor finds that the microbial inoculum with the composition has a good fermentation effect on the winery sludge through research.

Preferably, in the step (3), the aerobic fermentation refers to any one of stacking fermentation, tank fermentation and equipment fermentation.

Preferably, in the step (3), the time of the aerobic fermentation is 7-9 days; the color of the resulting fermented material was brown or black brown.

The invention carries out material proportioning on the winery sludge and fermentation auxiliary materials according to aerobic fermentation requirements, carries out aerobic fermentation treatment under the action of a compound microbial fermentation inoculant through microwave inactivation treatment, obtains a winery sludge fermentation product, and further processes the winery sludge fermentation product into an organic fertilizer product. Most of microbial thalli in the material are inactivated by microwaves, so that a good field planting environment and a good propagation space are provided for the composite microbial fermentation inoculant, the decomposition of organic components in the material and the formation of humus are accelerated, and sludge and auxiliary materials are decomposed into organic fertilizers.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the method has the advantages that the winery sludge contains a large amount of organic components, is high in nutrient content, low in heavy metal index and proper in pH value, and the accurate resource utilization target of the winery sludge is realized by performing aerobic fermentation composting treatment on the winery sludge; (2) the microwave inactivation treatment is carried out before the fermentation, the composite fermentation microbial inoculum is adopted for the fermentation, the decomposition speed of the organic materials is accelerated, the odor in the fermentation process is less, and the fermentation period is short; (3) the prepared finished product of the distillery sludge organic fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer execution standard through detection, the fertilizer efficiency is sufficient, and the application of the organic fertilizer can improve the soil hardening condition, improve the crop quality and improve the crop yield.

Detailed Description

The bacillus subtilis and the bacillus megaterium used in the embodiments 1 to 3 and the comparative examples of the present invention were purchased from cangzhou wang institute of technology for generant, the thermophilic bacteria and the yeast were purchased from environmental protection science and technology, ltd, han, river, south of Hunan, and the trichoderma harzianum and the trichoderma viride were purchased from mohn (guangzhou) biotechnology.

The winery sludge in the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples is the dewatered sludge obtained by plate-and-frame filter pressing in a sewage treatment workshop of a certain white spirit enterprise in Hunan province, and the sludge is detected to have high organic matter content, sufficient nutrients, neutral pH value and lower content of heavy metals of arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium and chromium than the limit indexes of heavy metals in NY525-2012 organic fertilizers, so that the environmental pollution influence caused by the over-standard heavy metals of the sludge is avoided, the winery sludge is suitable for being used as an organic fertilizer raw material to ferment to produce the organic fertilizer, and the technical indexes of the winery sludge are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 technical index of the sludge from winery

Detecting items	Winery sludge
		Organic matter (%)	58.8
Moisture (%)	60.4
		pH value	7.0
Total nutrient (%)	15.8
		Total arsenic (mg/kg)-1）	2.1
Total mercury (mg/kg)-1）	0.2
		Total lead (mg/kg)-1）	42.1
Total cadmium (mg/kg)-1）	0.7
		Total chromium (mg/kg)-1）	71.3

Comparative example

The preparation method of the distillery sludge organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) material mixing: taking 100 parts of mud cake crushed material with the water content of 55 percent, 9 parts of fermentation auxiliary material and 2 parts of bean cake powder, wherein the fermentation auxiliary material accounts for 50 percent of dry and clean pig manure and mushroom residue respectively after filter pressing and dehydration by a plate frame in a liquor factory, and uniformly mixing;

(2) inactivation of the mixed materials: adding the mixed material into a microwave inactivation machine, starting the equipment, and carrying out heat preservation inactivation treatment for 30min after the temperature in the equipment rises to 120 ℃;

(3) aerobic fermentation: cooling the inactivated material to indoor temperature, adding 0.05 part (equivalent to 0.045 wt% of the mixed material) of composite fermentation microbial inoculum prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, thermophilic bacteria, saccharomycetes, trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma viride in proportion (5: 3:2:1:2: 1), uniformly mixing, and then selecting a stacking fermentation method for aerobic fermentation; fermenting for 9 days until the color of the material turns brown;

(4) and (3) cooling and forming: cooling to 34 deg.C, cooling, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain the final product.