阅读说明：本技术 黄芪专用肥、提高黄芪产量的施肥方法 (Fertilizer special for astragalus membranaceus and fertilizing method for improving yield of astragalus membranaceus ) 是由 孙海 金桥 张亚玉 张淋淋 邵财 王秋霞 于 2020-07-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种黄芪专用肥,包括有机肥与化肥；所述有机肥与化肥的质量比为(80～90)：(6～7)；所述有机肥包括豆绿与草P1；所述豆绿与草P1的质量比为(0.5～1.5)：(0.5～1.5)；所述豆绿通过豆粕与绿色木霉菌复配得到；所述豆粕与绿色木霉菌粉的质量比为(80～150)：1；所述草P1通过将对数生长期的溶磷菌P1菌液与草炭土复配得到。与现有技术相比,本发明基于有机肥和钙肥共同作用的施肥技术,通过有机肥料以活化土壤、改良结构、培肥地力,再结合施用化学肥料以及时补充土壤养分,以提高土壤有机质和钙含量,提高黄芪产量和活性成分含量；同时黄芪专用肥作为一次性基肥,实现科学施肥、管理。(The invention provides a special fertilizer for astragalus, which comprises an organic fertilizer and a chemical fertilizer; the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the chemical fertilizer is (80-90): (6-7); the organic fertilizer comprises green beans and grass P1; the mass ratio of the green beans to the grass P1 is (0.5-1.5): (0.5 to 1.5); the green beans are obtained by compounding bean pulp and trichoderma viride; the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the trichoderma viride powder is (80-150): 1; the grass P1 is obtained by compounding phosphorus-dissolving bacteria P1 bacteria liquid in logarithmic growth phase with turfy soil. Compared with the prior art, the invention is based on the fertilization technology of the combined action of the organic fertilizer and the calcium fertilizer, activates soil, improves structure and fertilizes soil fertility through the organic fertilizer, and combines the application of chemical fertilizer and the timely supplement of soil nutrients to improve the content of organic matters and calcium in the soil and improve the yield and the content of active ingredients of the astragalus; meanwhile, the special fertilizer for astragalus is used as a disposable base fertilizer, and scientific fertilization and management are realized.)

1. A special fertilizer for astragalus is characterized by comprising an organic fertilizer and a chemical fertilizer;

the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the chemical fertilizer is (80-90): (6-7);

the organic fertilizer comprises green beans and grass P1; the mass ratio of the green beans to the grass P1 is (0.5-1.5): (0.5 to 1.5);

the green beans are obtained by compounding bean pulp and trichoderma viride; the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the trichoderma viride powder is (80-150): 1;

the grass P1 is obtained by compounding phosphorus-dissolving bacteria P1 in logarithmic growth phase with turfy soil; the volume mass ratio of the P1 bacterial liquid in the logarithmic growth phase to the turfy soil is (300-800) ml: 1 kg;

the fertilizer comprises a potassium fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer; the mass ratio of the potassium fertilizer to the calcium fertilizer to the nitrogen fertilizer is (1.5-2.5): (0.5-1.5): (2.2-3.2).

2. The fertilizer special for astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of green beans to grass P1 is 1: 1.

3. the special fertilizer for astragalus according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the trichoderma viride powder is 100: 1.

4. the special fertilizer for astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume-mass ratio of the phosphorus-solubilizing bacterium P1 bacterium liquid in logarithmic growth phase to peatmoss is 500 ml: 1 kg.

5. The special fertilizer for astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the potassium fertilizer to the calcium fertilizer to the nitrogen fertilizer is 1.75: 1: 2.7.

6. the special fertilizer for astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the potassium fertilizer is selected from potassium sulfate; the calcium fertilizer is selected from calcium sulfate; the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from urea.

7. A fertilizing method for improving the yield of astragalus membranaceus is characterized by comprising the following steps:

ridging a field, applying base fertilizer in strips, planting astragalus membranaceus seedlings by a ridge-on-furrow flat planting method, and then covering a film; the base fertilizer is the special fertilizer for astragalus membranaceus as claimed in any one of claims 1-6.

8. The fertilization method according to claim 7, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 80-90 kg per mu; the application amount of the fertilizer is 6-7 kg per mu.

9. The fertilization method of claim 7, wherein the mulching film used for mulching is a strong film with the width of 70cm and the thickness of 0.007 mm.

10. The application of the special fertilizer for astragalus membranaceus as a Mongolian astragalus membranaceus base fertilizer in any one of claims 1 to 6.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal plant planting, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer for astragalus membranaceus and a fertilizing method for improving the yield of astragalus membranaceus.

Background

The radix astragali is dried root of Astragalus membranaceus (Hsiao) of Leguminosae family or Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. Mongolian astragalus is sweet in taste and slightly warm in nature, contains saponin, sucrose, polysaccharide, various amino acids, folic acid and various trace elements such as selenium, zinc, copper and the like, and modern researches show that astragalus has the effects of enhancing the immune function of the organism, protecting the liver, promoting urination, resisting aging, resisting stress, reducing blood pressure and having a wider antibacterial effect. The main production area of astragalus membranaceus has a large number of Mongolian astragalus membranaceus medicinal material exports in hongkong, Korea, Japan, southeast Asia and other countries and regions every year, and in addition, in recent years, products developed by the astragalus membranaceus are more and more, wild resources are excessively mined, so that the wild resources of the astragalus membranaceus are sharply reduced, meanwhile, due to the poor self-reproduction capability of the astragalus membranaceus, natural recovery is difficult after the wild resources are damaged, and the market demands cannot be met by completely depending on the wild resources. Therefore, the astragalus membranaceus is introduced in various main producing areas and forms a certain cultivation scale.

However, the content of the effective components in astragalus membranaceus is influenced by internal factors such as self heredity and external factors such as climate, soil, temperature, humidity and the like, and the soil condition is often the first factor determining the growth of crops. At present, the astragalus planting land is generally in sandy land or semi-fixed dunes, dry old river beds, low lands of lakes and basins, desert and semi-desert regions, and the soil has poor structure, low organic matter content and poor fertility preserving capability, so that the astragalus is low in yield and uneven in pesticide effect capability.

At present, the management of the existing fertilizer of farmers is still based on the traditional experience, the fertilizer application only considers the input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, animal manure can be applied slightly better, but the harm caused by the excessive content of heavy metals in the animal manure is not considered, the positive influence of organic fertilizers on the utilization rate of soil nutrients is not considered, the positive effect of calcium fertilizers on active substances of astragalus membranaceus is not known, organic fertilizers and calcium fertilizers are not input in the fertilizing process, the effects of the organic fertilizers and the calcium fertilizers are not considered, the transitional input of chemical fertilizers is caused, on one hand, the utilization rate of the fertilizers is low, a large amount of nutrients are lost, the environmental pollution is caused, on the other hand, the excessive fertilizer input also greatly increases the planting cost of the farmers, and the planting benefit.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a special fertilizer for astragalus membranaceus and a fertilizing method for increasing the yield of astragalus membranaceus.

The invention provides a special fertilizer for astragalus, which comprises an organic fertilizer and a chemical fertilizer;

the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the chemical fertilizer is (80-90): (6-7);

the organic fertilizer comprises green beans and grass P1; the mass ratio of the green beans to the grass P1 is (0.5-1.5): (0.5 to 1.5);

the green beans are obtained by compounding bean pulp and trichoderma viride; the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the trichoderma viride powder is (80-150): 1;

the grass P1 is obtained by compounding phosphorus-dissolving bacteria P1 in logarithmic growth phase with turfy soil; the volume mass ratio of the P1 bacterial liquid in the logarithmic growth phase to the turfy soil is (300-800) ml: 1 kg;

the fertilizer comprises a potassium fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer; the mass ratio of the potassium fertilizer to the calcium fertilizer to the nitrogen fertilizer is (1.2-2.3): (0.5-1.5): (2.2-3.2).

Preferably, the mass ratio of the green beans to the grass P1 is 1: 1.

preferably, the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the trichoderma viride powder is 100: 1.

preferably, the volume mass ratio of the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria P1 bacterial liquid in the logarithmic growth phase to the turfy soil is 500 ml: 1 kg.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the potassium fertilizer to the calcium fertilizer to the nitrogen fertilizer is 1.75: 1: 2.7.

preferably, the potassium fertilizer is selected from potassium sulfate; the calcium fertilizer is selected from calcium sulfate; the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from urea.

The invention also provides a fertilizing method for improving the yield of astragalus, which comprises the following steps:

ridging a field, applying base fertilizer in strips, planting astragalus membranaceus seedlings by a ridge-on-furrow flat planting method, and then covering a film; the base fertilizer is the special fertilizer for astragalus membranaceus as claimed in any one of claims 1-6.

Preferably, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 80-90 kg per mu; the application amount of the fertilizer is 6-7 kg per mu.

Preferably, the mulching film used for covering the film is a strong film with the width of 70cm and the thickness of 0.007 mm.

The invention also provides application of the special astragalus fertilizer as a mongolian astragalus base fertilizer.

The invention provides a special fertilizer for astragalus, which comprises an organic fertilizer and a chemical fertilizer; the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the chemical fertilizer is (80-90): (6-7); the organic fertilizer comprises green beans and grass P1; the mass ratio of the green beans to the grass P1 is (0.5-1.5): (0.5 to 1.5); the green beans are obtained by compounding bean pulp and trichoderma viride; the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the trichoderma viride powder is (80-150): 1; the grass P1 is obtained by compounding phosphorus-dissolving bacteria P1 in logarithmic growth phase with turfy soil; the volume mass ratio of the P1 bacterial liquid in the logarithmic growth phase to the turfy soil is (300-800) ml: 1 kg; the fertilizer comprises a potassium fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer; the mass ratio of the potassium fertilizer to the calcium fertilizer to the nitrogen fertilizer is (1.2-2.3): (0.5-1.5): (2.2-3.2). Compared with the prior art, the invention is based on the fertilization technology of the combined action of the organic fertilizer and the calcium fertilizer, activates soil, improves structure and fertility, and combines the application of chemical fertilizer and the timely supplement of soil nutrients to improve the content of organic matters and calcium in the soil, thereby not only improving the yield and the content of active ingredients of the astragalus, but also reducing the possibility of excessive heavy metal of the astragalus, and having remarkable social and economic benefits; meanwhile, the special fertilizer for astragalus membranaceus provided by the invention is used as a disposable base fertilizer, so that the time and the labor are saved, scientific fertilization and management are realized, the fertilizer waste is reduced, the environment is protected, the cost is reduced, and the benefit is improved.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a special fertilizer for astragalus, which comprises an organic fertilizer and a chemical fertilizer; the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the chemical fertilizer is (80-90): (6-7), more preferably (80-85): (6-7), more preferably (82-83): (6-7), most preferably 82.5: 6.5; the organic fertilizer comprises green beans and grass P1; the mass ratio of the green beans to the grass P1 is (0.5-1.5): (0.5 to 1.5); the green beans are obtained by compounding bean pulp and trichoderma viride; the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the trichoderma viride powder is (80-150): 1; the grass P1 is obtained by compounding P1 bacterial liquid in logarithmic growth phase with turfy soil; the volume mass ratio of the P1 bacterial liquid in the logarithmic growth phase to the turfy soil is (300-800) ml: 1 kg; the fertilizer comprises a potassium fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer; the mass ratio of the potassium fertilizer to the calcium fertilizer to the nitrogen fertilizer is (1.2-2.3): (0.5-1.5): (2.2-3.2).

The sources of all raw materials are not particularly limited in the invention, and the raw materials can be either commercially available or self-made.

The special fertilizer for astragalus membranaceus provided by the invention has a positive effect on the specificity of astragalus mongholicus based on the organic fertilizer and the calcium fertilizer, and the proportion of the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer is optimized and integrated so as to improve the yield and the active ingredient content of astragalus mongholicus.

The organic fertilizer comprises green beans and grass P1; the mass ratio of the green beans to the grass P1 is preferably (0.8-1.2): (0.8 to 1.2), more preferably (0.9 to 1.1): (0.9 to 1.1), and preferably 1: 1.

the green bean is obtained by compounding bean pulp and trichoderma viride by taking trichoderma viride as a strain and bean pulp as a matrix; the effective viable bacteria of the trichoderma viride powder is preferably equal to or more than 15 hundred million, more preferably equal to or more than 18 hundred million, and still more preferably equal to or more than 20 hundred million; the trichoderma viride powder is preferably trichoderma viride powder of gull biotechnology limited of Beijing mu; the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the trichoderma viride powder is preferably (90-140): 1, and preferably (90-130): 1, and preferably (90-120): 1, and preferably (90-110): 1, most preferably 100: 1.

the grass P1 is obtained by compounding phosphorus-dissolving bacteria P1 in logarithmic growth phase with turfy soil; the phosphorus-dissolving bacterium P1 bacterial liquid in logarithmic growth phase isUsing phosphorus-dissolving bacteria P1 as strains, activating, selecting single colony, inoculating in NA culture medium, and reciprocating shaking table at 30 deg.C for 170 r.min^-1Culturing to logarithmic phase; the concentration of the phosphorus-dissolving bacterium P1 bacterial liquid in the logarithmic growth phase is preferably about 10⁶CFU/ml; the volume mass ratio of the P1 bacterial liquid in the logarithmic growth phase to the turfy soil is preferably (300-700) ml: 1kg, more preferably (400-600) ml: 1kg, more preferably (450 to 550) ml: 1kg, most preferably 500 ml: 1 kg.

The fertilizer comprises a potassium fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer; the potassium fertilizer is preferably potassium sulfate; the calcium fertilizer is preferably calcium sulfate; the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably urea; the mass ratio of the potassium fertilizer to the calcium fertilizer to the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably (1.4-2.1): (0.7-1.4): (2.4-3.0), more preferably (1.6-1.9): (0.8-1.2): (2.4-2.7), preferably (1.6-1.8): (0.9-1.1): (2.4-2.7), most preferably 1.75: 1: 2.7.

according to the invention, based on the fertilization technology of combined action of the organic fertilizer and the calcium fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is used for activating soil, improving the structure and fertilizing soil fertility, and the application of the chemical fertilizer and the timely supplement of soil nutrients are combined to improve the organic matter and calcium content of the soil, so that the yield and the active ingredient content of the astragalus are improved, the possibility of exceeding the standard of heavy metals of the astragalus is reduced, and the social and economic benefits are obvious; meanwhile, the special fertilizer for astragalus membranaceus provided by the invention is used as a disposable base fertilizer, so that the time and the labor are saved, scientific fertilization and management are realized, the fertilizer waste is reduced, the environment is protected, the cost is reduced, and the benefit is improved.

The invention also provides application of the special astragalus fertilizer as a mongolian astragalus base fertilizer.

The invention also provides a fertilizing method for improving the yield of astragalus, which comprises the following steps: ridging a field, applying base fertilizer in strips, planting astragalus membranaceus seedlings by a ridge-on-furrow flat planting method, and then covering a film; the base fertilizer is the special fertilizer for astragalus.

In the invention, the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; the types of the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer are the same as those described above, and are not described again; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is preferably 80-90 kg per mu, more preferably 80-85 kg, still more preferably 82-83 kg, and most preferably 82.5 kg; the application amount of the fertilizer is preferably 6-7 kg per mu, and more preferably 6.5kg per mu.

Planting astragalus seedlings by a flat planting method on ridges; the astragalus membranaceus seedling is preferably an astragalus mongholicus seedling.

After planting, covering a film; the mulching film used for the film covering is preferably a strong film with the width of 70cm and the thickness of 0.007 mm.

The invention constructs a Mongolian astragalus root fertilizing technology based on the combined action of the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer, realizes double improvement of the yield and the active ingredient content of Mongolian astragalus root, reduces the phenomenon that various heavy metals are enriched in Mongolian astragalus root, and improves the quality of Mongolian astragalus root on the whole.

In order to further explain the present invention, the following will describe in detail a fertilizer special for astragalus and a fertilizing method for increasing the yield of astragalus provided by the present invention with reference to the examples.

The reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available.