阅读说明：本技术 一种新合成纤维多功能匀染剂的制备方法 (Preparation method of novel synthetic fiber multifunctional leveling agent ) 是由 张生岗 陈焜 于 2020-06-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种新合成纤维多功能匀染剂的制备方法,以烷基糖苷聚氧乙烯醚、油酸为原料制备烷基糖苷聚氧乙烯醚油酸酯,再与载体、阴离子表面活性剂复配而成。该匀染剂对分散染料不仅具有优异匀染性,移染性,还具有较好的修色性,同时该匀染剂可用于低温染色和除油染色一浴工艺,节约水电气等能源,达到绿色环保,节能减排的目的。(The invention relates to a preparation method of a novel synthetic fiber multifunctional leveling agent, which is prepared by taking alkyl glycoside polyoxyethylene ether and oleic acid as raw materials to prepare alkyl glycoside polyoxyethylene ether oleate and compounding the alkyl glycoside polyoxyethylene ether oleate with a carrier and an anionic surfactant. The leveling agent has excellent leveling property and migration property on disperse dyes, also has better color correction property, can be used for a one-bath process of low-temperature dyeing and oil-removing dyeing, saves water, electricity and gas and the like, and achieves the aims of environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction.)

1. A preparation method of a novel synthetic fiber multifunctional leveling agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:

compounding according to the weight portion:

10-20 parts of alkyl glycoside polyoxyethylene ether oleate, 5-10 parts of a carrier, 2-6 parts of an anionic surfactant, 5-10 parts of a solvent and 50-80 parts of water to obtain a novel synthetic fiber multifunctional leveling agent;

the preparation of the alkyl glycoside polyoxyethylene ether oleate comprises the following synthetic method and steps, and the mixture ratio is as follows according to the parts by weight:

adding 70-80 parts of alkyl glycoside polyoxyethylene ether, 25-30 parts of oleic acid and 0.3-0.6 part of p-toluenesulfonic acid into a reaction container, heating to 120-130 ℃, starting vacuum, keeping the vacuum degree at-0.09-0.095 MPa, reacting for 4-6 hours, cooling to below 50 ℃, closing the vacuum, discharging to obtain alkyl glycoside polyoxyethylene ether oleate, wherein the reaction equation is as follows:

wherein R ═ C_nH_2n+1，,8<n<14，8<a+b+c+d<12；

R₁H or

2. The method for preparing the novel synthetic fiber multifunctional leveling agent according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

the carrier is one of benzyl benzoate, dibenzyl ether and diethylene glycol dibenzoate, the anionic surfactant is one of styryl phenol polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate and tristyryl phenol polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate, and the solvent is one of ethanol, isopropanol and ethylene glycol butyl ether.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of printing and dyeing auxiliaries, in particular to a preparation method of a novel synthetic fiber multifunctional leveling agent.

Background

The new synthetic fiber is a kind of synthetic fiber with high performance and environment protection, which is obtained by designing and synthesizing new polymer materials (PTT, PBT) and controlling the high-order structure of the fiber (superfine and profiled fiber, etc.). Besides the general excellent properties of synthetic fibers, such as high strength, light weight, easy washing and quick drying, good elasticity, mildew and moth resistance and the like, the novel synthetic fibers of different varieties also have certain unique functional properties, and can meet the requirements of consumers on the functions of textile products. With the improvement of the living standard of people and the enhancement of safety, environmental protection and health consciousness, the single functionality can not better meet the requirements of people on textiles, new varieties of various functional fibers (such as polyester novel fibers, namely PBT, PTT, superfine and profiled polyester fibers and the like) with composite functions are more and more concerned by people, and the application of the new varieties is more and more accepted by people. The novel polyester fibers have the advantages of high tensile strength, high elastic resilience, soft hand feeling, wearing comfort, flat cloth cover or good wrinkle resistance and the like while maintaining the superior performance of the traditional polyester PET fibers. However, due to the change of the fiber structure and form of the new synthetic fiber, the dyeing and finishing auxiliary agent and the process for the conventional synthetic fiber are difficult to adapt to the dyeing and finishing of the new synthetic fiber fabric, so that more new problems appear in the whole-process dyeing and finishing process. Firstly, the oil removal is difficult and the COD content of the wastewater is high. Because the specific surface area of the new synthetic fiber is large and the surface has gullies, the spinning oil and the sizing agent are difficult to remove by adopting the traditional process, and the ideal effect can be achieved under the action of a large amount of oil removing agent by adopting the conditions of high temperature and high alkali. Therefore, a new synthetic fiber applicable pretreatment-degreasing agent needs to be developed, and the pretreatment is efficient, and the low COD wastewater discharge is realized. Second, the levelness is poor. Most of the new synthetic fibers have low linear density, and the lower the linear density is, the higher the adsorption speed of the fibers to the dye is, and the poorer the leveling property is; the cross section of the new synthetic fiber is mostly irregular, the surface is not smooth enough, the specific surface area is further increased, the dye adsorption rate is increased, and the dyeing leveling property is poor. In addition, in order to be ecological and environment-friendly, the dyeing is required to adopt a low bath ratio dyeing process technology at present, the low bath ratio dyeing process increases the difficulty of uniformly dyeing the new synthetic fiber fabric, and the level-dyeing property of the new synthetic fiber fabric is difficult to guarantee. Thirdly, the color fastness is poor. The new synthetic fiber has low linear density and large specific gravity in an amorphous area, and the dye is easy to migrate to the surface of the fiber when being heated, and the irregularity of the surface of the fiber causes the migrated dye to be difficult to clean, and the color fastness (including washing fastness and rubbing fastness) is reduced. When a dyeing and finishing enterprise carries out dyeing and finishing production on the new synthetic fiber fabric by adopting the traditional dyeing and finishing auxiliary agent and dyeing and finishing process, more dyeing and finishing auxiliary agents need to be used, more water and electricity are consumed to enable the fabric to meet the dyeing and finishing performance requirement, the transitional consumption on energy is caused, and heavy burden is also added to the subsequent sewage and waste gas treatment. Because new equipment, new technology and new process are difficult to solve the problems efficiently under the condition of lacking new materials, a novel dyeing and finishing auxiliary agent is developed in a targeted manner, and the problems of processing energy consumption and ecological environment are urgently solved from the dyeing and finishing source.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a preparation method of a novel multifunctional leveling agent for synthetic fibers.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of a novel synthetic fiber multifunctional leveling agent comprises the following steps:

compounding according to the weight portion:

10-20 parts of alkyl glycoside polyoxyethylene ether oleate, 5-10 parts of a carrier, 2-6 parts of an anionic surfactant, 5-10 parts of a solvent and 50-80 parts of water to obtain a novel synthetic fiber multifunctional leveling agent;

the preparation of the alkyl glycoside polyoxyethylene ether oleate comprises the following synthetic method and steps, and the mixture ratio is as follows according to the parts by weight:

adding 70-80 parts of alkyl glycoside polyoxyethylene ether, 25-30 parts of oleic acid and 0.3-0.6 part of p-toluenesulfonic acid into a reaction container, heating to 120-130 ℃, starting vacuum, keeping the vacuum degree at-0.09-0.095 MPa, reacting for 4-6 hours, cooling to below 50 ℃, closing the vacuum, discharging to obtain alkyl glycoside polyoxyethylene ether oleate, wherein the reaction equation is as follows:

wherein R ═ C_nH_2n+1，,8<n<14，8<a+b+c+d<12；

R₁H or

Preferably, the carrier is one of benzyl benzoate, dibenzyl ether and diethylene glycol dibenzoate, the anionic surfactant is one of styrylphenol polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate and tristyrylphenol polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate, and the solvent is one of ethanol, isopropanol and ethylene glycol butyl ether.

Due to the application of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:

in the components of the leveling agent, a green environment-friendly biological surfactant, namely alkyl glycoside polyoxyethylene ether reacts with oleic acid to generate alkyl glycoside polyoxyethylene ether oleate, hydrophobic groups can form combination of Van der Waals force and hydrogen bonds with dyes, hydrophilic groups extend into water and can form ionic bonds or hydrogen bonds with polyacrylate slurry, so that the leveling agent has excellent dispersibility on disperse dyes, long-chain alkane structures can effectively act with fibers, the combined action of the long-chain alkane structures and carriers promotes the movement of synthetic fiber molecular chains at low temperature, gaps among fibers are increased, undyed parts are fully dyed, and the dyes are distributed more uniformly at dyed parts. Thereby obtaining good slow dyeing property, migration property, leveling property and final dyeing yield. Meanwhile, the leveling agent has certain emulsifying power on oil solutions and other impurities on the fibers, can be used for a low-temperature dyeing and oil-removing dyeing one-bath process, saves water, electricity and gas and other energy sources, and achieves the purposes of environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below by means of specific embodiments.