阅读说明：本技术 一种筒式仓粮食储藏方法 (Cylindrical grain storage method ) 是由 盛强 徐擎宇 王录印 吴晓冬 李浩杰 刘胜强 欧阳帆 杨蕊宇 秦宁 于 2020-07-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种筒式仓粮食储藏方法,包括内环流控温工艺、熏蒸工艺和氮气气调工艺,内环流控温工艺、熏蒸工艺和氮气气调工艺择一实施；内环流控温工艺从粮仓下部将粮堆冷心的冷量抽出并输入到粮堆顶部上方的空间,粮堆内形成下行式气流；熏蒸工艺从粮仓上部将粮堆顶部上方空间中的熏蒸气体抽出后从粮仓下部通风口通入粮堆底部,粮堆内形成上行式气流；氮气气调工艺从粮仓下部向粮堆底部充入氮气,然后从粮仓上部抽出气体外排以使粮堆内氮气浓度达到氮气浓度目标值一。本发明能根据实际储粮情况灵活选择适宜的储藏工艺,有效提高粮食储藏质量,内环流控温、熏蒸和气调储藏均独立运行,保障储粮质量的同时降低储藏能源消耗,运行成本低。(The invention discloses a barrel type grain storage method, which comprises an internal circulation temperature control process, a fumigation process and a nitrogen gas adjusting process, wherein the internal circulation temperature control process, the fumigation process and the nitrogen gas adjusting process are alternatively implemented; the internal circulation temperature control process pumps out the cold energy of the cold core of the grain pile from the lower part of the granary and inputs the cold energy into the space above the top of the grain pile, and downward airflow is formed in the grain pile; the fumigation process is characterized in that fumigation gas in the space above the top of the grain pile is pumped out from the upper part of the grain bin and then is introduced into the bottom of the grain pile from an air vent at the lower part of the grain bin, and upward air flow is formed in the grain pile; the nitrogen gas adjusting process is characterized in that nitrogen gas is filled into the bottom of a grain pile from the lower part of the grain bin, and then gas is pumped out from the upper part of the grain bin to be discharged so that the nitrogen concentration in the grain pile reaches a nitrogen concentration target value one. The invention can flexibly select a proper storage process according to the actual grain storage condition, effectively improve the grain storage quality, ensure the grain storage quality, reduce the storage energy consumption and have low operation cost, and the internal circulation control temperature, the fumigation and the controlled atmosphere storage are operated independently.)

1. The cylindrical grain storage method is characterized by comprising an inner circulation temperature control process, a fumigation process and a nitrogen gas conditioning process, wherein the inner circulation temperature control process, the fumigation process and the nitrogen gas conditioning process are alternatively implemented;

the inner loop temperature control process comprises the steps of monitoring the temperature in the granary in the space above the grain pile in the granary, when the temperature in the granary is larger than or equal to a preset temperature value, extracting the cold energy of the cold core of the granary from the lower part of the granary and inputting the cold energy into the space above the top of the granary, forming descending airflow in the granary, and stopping when the temperature in the granary is smaller than or equal to a second preset temperature value;

the fumigation process comprises the steps of pumping out fumigation gas in a space above the top of the grain stack from the upper part of the grain stack after pesticide is applied to the top surface of the grain stack, then introducing the fumigation gas into the bottom of the grain stack from a ventilation opening at the lower part of the grain stack, forming upward gas flow in the grain stack, and stopping after the fumigation time reaches the preset time;

the nitrogen gas regulating process includes filling nitrogen gas from the lower part of the granary to the bottom of the grain pile, pumping the gas from the space over the top of the granary and exhausting, and stopping after the nitrogen concentration in the granary reaches the target value of nitrogen concentration.

2. The grain storage method in a barrel type bin according to claim 1, wherein in the inner loop temperature control process, the cold energy of the cold core of the grain pile is simultaneously extracted from a plurality of ventilation openings arranged at the lower part of the grain bin;

in the fumigation process, fumigation gas is simultaneously introduced to the bottom of the grain pile from a plurality of ventilation openings arranged at the lower part of the granary;

in the nitrogen modified atmosphere process, nitrogen is simultaneously filled into the bottom of the grain pile from a plurality of ventilation openings arranged at the lower part of the granary.

3. The grain storage method in a silo according to claim 1, wherein in the nitrogen modified atmosphere process, the gas is intermittently extracted from the space above the top of the grain bulk at the upper part of the silo and discharged.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the nitrogen atmosphere control process comprises the steps of filling nitrogen into the bottom of the grain stack from the lower part of the grain bin, pumping out the gas to the outside when the air pressure in the grain bin rises to a preset value, stopping pumping out the gas to the outside when the air pressure in the grain bin falls to a second preset value, and repeating the above steps until the nitrogen concentration in the grain stack reaches a target value of the nitrogen concentration.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first predetermined value of the grain pressure is 240-260 Pa higher than the outside air pressure, and the second predetermined value of the grain pressure is 40-60 Pa higher than the outside air pressure.

6. The method for storing grain in the house according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the target value of the nitrogen concentration when the nitrogen modified atmosphere process is applied to the non-insect grain is 90-95%.

7. The method for storing grains in the room-type barn according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the nitrogen controlled atmosphere process is applied to the killing of insects, wherein the target nitrogen concentration is 98% or more, the insect control is maintained for 28 days or more, and then the natural decay of the nitrogen concentration in the grain pile is maintained.

8. The grain storage method in a barrel type warehouse according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inner loop temperature control process, the fumigation process and the nitrogen gas-adjusting process are implemented by an integrated system, the integrated system comprises a vent (1) communicated with a ground cage at the bottom of the granary, a circulation pipeline (2) communicated with the top space of the grain bulk in the granary and a gas-adjusting pipeline (3) used for conveying inert gas, a branch pipeline I (5) and a branch pipeline II (6) which are arranged in parallel are connected between the vent (1) and the circulation pipeline (2), the branch pipeline I (5) is provided with an inner loop flow fan (51) of which an air inlet is communicated with the vent (1) and an air outlet is communicated with the circulation pipeline (2), the branch pipeline II (6) is provided with a fumigation fan (61) of which an air inlet is communicated with the circulation pipeline (2) and an air outlet is communicated with the vent (1), the air-conditioning pipeline (3) is communicated to the vent (1), the air-conditioning pipeline further comprises a branch pipeline III (7) communicated with the circulating pipeline (2), an exhaust fan (71) with an air inlet communicated with the circulating pipeline (2) and an air outlet communicated with the outside is arranged on the branch pipeline III (7), and valves are respectively arranged on the air-conditioning pipeline (3), the branch pipeline I (5), the branch pipeline II (6) and the branch pipeline III (7).

9. A grain storage method in a cartridge type grain storage method in accordance with claim 8, wherein a plurality of the vents (1) are merged to the collecting pipe (4) by a pipeline, and the branch pipeline one (5) and the branch pipeline two (6) are connected in parallel between the collecting pipe (4) and the circulation pipeline (2).

10. The grain storage method in a silo according to claim 9, characterized in that the modified atmosphere line (3) is connected to the collecting pipe (4).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of grain storage, in particular to a cylindrical grain storage method.

Background

Grain storage is the storage management process from grain harvest to grain consumption. Humidity and temperature are key factors of grain storage safety, a traditional granary ventilation system adopts ground cage ventilation or ground groove ventilation, the problem of vertical layering of grain moisture is serious, grain piles in a granary are easy to form a large cold core and an obvious hot skin, the grain temperature at the cold core part of the grain piles can be kept below 15 ℃ for a long time and can be stored safely for a long time, the grain temperature on the surface of the grain piles can reach 25-30 ℃, the quality of the grain changes rapidly and is easy to be damaged by insect and mildew, local heating and caking are caused along with the transfer of damp and heat, and even grain surface hardening or grain mildew is caused. The existing granary can only implement one storage mode of internal circulation temperature control, fumigation and controlled atmosphere storage, cannot realize the integral integration and associated control of various grain storage modes, cannot implement the optimal grain storage mode aiming at the current environmental conditions and grain conditions, is difficult to fully ensure the grain storage quality, and has high grain storage energy consumption and low cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems and the technical task of improving the prior art, provides a cylindrical grain storage method, and solves the problems that the grain storage function is single, the grain storage quality is difficult to fully guarantee, the energy consumption is high and the cost is high in the prior art, and the grain storage function is not organically combined.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a cylinder type grain storage method comprises an inner circulation temperature control process, a fumigation process and a nitrogen gas adjusting process, wherein the inner circulation temperature control process, the fumigation process and the nitrogen gas adjusting process are alternatively implemented;

the inner loop temperature control process comprises the steps of monitoring the temperature in the granary in the space above the grain pile in the granary, when the temperature in the granary is larger than or equal to a preset temperature value, extracting the cold energy of the cold core of the granary from the lower part of the granary and inputting the cold energy into the space above the top of the granary, forming descending airflow in the granary, and stopping when the temperature in the granary is smaller than or equal to a second preset temperature value;

the fumigation process comprises the steps of pumping out fumigation gas in a space above the top of a grain stack from the upper part of the grain stack after pesticide is applied to the top surface of the grain stack, then introducing the fumigation gas into the bottom of the grain stack from an air vent at the lower part of the grain stack, forming upward air flow in the grain stack, and stopping after the fumigation time reaches the preset time;

the nitrogen gas regulating process includes filling nitrogen gas from the lower part of the granary to the bottom of the grain pile, pumping the gas from the space over the top of the granary and exhausting, and stopping after the nitrogen concentration in the granary reaches the target value of nitrogen concentration.

The method for storing the cylindrical grain in the warehouse can flexibly select a proper storage process according to the actual geographic environment and the storage condition, effectively improve the storage quality of the grain, can obtain more cold in the storage process in winter in the north with relatively low temperature, and when the summer is out, the grain temperature at the top of the grain pile is increased, and the grain pile still has a larger cold core, so that the grain at the top of the grain pile can be cooled by utilizing the cold of the cold core of the grain pile through an internal circulation temperature control process, the storage energy consumption is greatly reduced while the grain storage quality is ensured, and in the south with relatively high temperature, enough cold cannot be obtained in the storage process in winter, and if the internal circulation temperature control process is adopted in the summer, the grain can not reach the proper temperature, so that the condition of grain loss can occur, and therefore, the internal circulation temperature control process is not suitable for the south with relatively high temperature, but a nitrogen gas adjusting process can be adopted, and a mode of lower gas filling and upper gas discharging is adopted to fill nitrogen gas into the granary, so that the oxygen content in the granary reaches the anoxic or anaerobic condition, the aims of reducing the respiration and physiological metabolic strength of grains and delaying the ageing of the grain quality are further fulfilled, and the energy consumption required by additionally refrigerating the granary in summer can be reduced; when the grain in the granary is verminous, the insect pests can be effectively killed through the fumigation process, the fumigation process forms upward air flow in the grain pile, the air flow during fumigation is opposite to the air flow during internal circulation temperature control, the waste of medicaments can be reduced, the pressure of the accumulated fumigation gas in the upper space of the grain pile is reduced, the burning and explosion risks are reduced, meanwhile, the insect pests can be treated through the nitrogen gas conditioning process, when the oxygen content in the granary reaches the anoxic or anaerobic condition, the metabolic activity of harmful organisms can be effectively prevented, the aims of controlling the breeding and spreading of the insect pests and inhibiting the propagation of mold are achieved, the nitrogen gas does not pollute the environment, has no toxicity, the use safety is higher, the cleanness of the grain is guaranteed, and the dangerous condition of poisoning of working personnel is avoided.

Furthermore, in the internal circulation temperature control process, the cold quantity of the cold core of the grain pile is simultaneously extracted from the plurality of ventilation openings arranged at the lower part of the granary, so that the utilization sufficiency and uniformity of the cold quantity of the cold core of the grain pile can be improved, and the efficiency of circulation temperature equalization is improved;

in the fumigation process, the fumigation gas is introduced into the bottom of the grain pile from a plurality of ventilation openings arranged at the lower part of the granary at the same time, so that the fumigation uniformity is improved, and the fumigation gas enters the grain pile from a larger area, so that the flowing resistance of the fumigation gas can be reduced, and the stable flowing gas flow in the grain pile can be maintained only by a fan with lower power, namely, the power of the required fumigation fan is lower, and the construction cost of the system can be reduced;

in the nitrogen gas adjusting process, the nitrogen is simultaneously filled into the bottom of the grain pile from a plurality of air vents arranged at the lower part of the grain bin, so that the uniformity of the nitrogen entering the grain pile is improved, the efficiency of reaching the target value of the content of inert gas in the grain pile is improved, and the processing time is shortened.

Furthermore, in the nitrogen gas adjusting process, the intermittently pumped gas is discharged from the space above the top of the grain pile at the upper part of the granary, so that the nitrogen can fully and uniformly enter the grain pile, and the condition that the local area in the grain pile is not filled with the nitrogen and cannot reach oxygen deficiency or oxygen deficiency is avoided, so that insect damage and the condition that the physiological metabolism of the grain is too fast occur in the local area, and the grain storage quality is influenced.

Furthermore, in the nitrogen gas adjusting process, nitrogen gas is only filled into the bottom of the grain stack from the lower part of the granary, the gas is pumped out to be discharged out when the air pressure in the granary rises to a preset value of the granary pressure, the gas is stopped being pumped out when the air pressure in the granary falls to a second preset value of the granary pressure, the process is repeated, the nitrogen gas is stopped being filled when the nitrogen concentration in the granary reaches a target value of the nitrogen concentration, the uniformity and sufficiency of the nitrogen gas entering the granary are improved, and the situation that a local area does not reach oxygen deficiency or oxygen deficiency is avoided.

Furthermore, the first preset value of the bin pressure is that the air pressure in the granary is 240-260 Pa higher than the external air pressure, and the second preset value of the bin pressure is that the air pressure in the granary is 40-60 Pa higher than the external air pressure, so that the charging uniformity of nitrogen in the grain pile is guaranteed.

Furthermore, when the nitrogen gas modified atmosphere process is applied to the insect-free grain, the target value of the nitrogen gas concentration is 90-95%, the breeding and spreading of insect pests are effectively controlled, the propagation of mold is inhibited, the respiration and physiological metabolic strength of the grain is reduced, and the ageing of the grain quality is delayed.

Furthermore, when the nitrogen gas adjusting process is applied to insect killing, the target value of the nitrogen gas concentration is 98% or more, the nitrogen gas concentration is maintained for more than or equal to 28 days, then the nitrogen gas concentration in the grain pile is maintained to be naturally attenuated, the insect damage can be effectively killed, the grain loss is reduced, and the grain storage quality is improved.

Furthermore, the inner circulation temperature control process, the fumigation process and the nitrogen gas regulation process are implemented by an integrated system, the integrated system comprises a vent communicated with a ground cage at the bottom of the granary, a circulation pipeline communicated to the top space of the grain stack in the granary and a gas regulation pipeline used for conveying inert gas, a branch pipeline I and a branch pipeline II which are arranged in parallel are connected between the vent and the circulation pipeline, an inner circulation fan is arranged on the branch pipeline I, an air inlet is communicated with the vent, an air outlet is communicated with the circulation pipeline, a fumigation fan is arranged on the branch pipeline II, an air inlet is communicated with the circulation pipeline, an air outlet is communicated with the vent, a branch pipeline III is communicated with the circulation pipeline, an exhaust fan is arranged on the branch pipeline III, an air inlet is communicated with the circulation pipeline, and an air outlet is communicated with the outside, valves are respectively arranged on the air adjusting pipeline, the branch pipeline I, the branch pipeline II and the branch pipeline III. The integrated system integrates the inner loop temperature control function, the fumigation function and the nitrogen gas regulation function, can switch among different functions by controlling different pipelines and fans according to actual needs, has a simple structure, realizes integrated multifunction, is convenient for centralized control, is convenient to operate, is simple to install and maintain, consumes less energy and has low operation cost.

Furthermore, a plurality of ventilation openings are converged to the collecting pipe through a pipeline, the branch pipeline I and the branch pipeline II are connected between the collecting pipe and the circulating pipeline in parallel, and when the temperature is controlled by an internal loop, the cold energy of the cold core of the grain pile can be pumped out through the plurality of ventilation openings and then conveyed to the space in the bin at the top of the grain pile, so that the utilization sufficiency and uniformity of the cold energy of the cold core of the grain pile can be improved; when in fumigation, the fumigation gas can be introduced into the bottom of the grain pile from a plurality of ventilation openings simultaneously, so that the fumigation uniformity is improved.

Furthermore, the air-conditioning pipeline is connected to the collecting pipe, and when air-conditioning storage is carried out, nitrogen is introduced into the bottom of the grain pile from the plurality of air vents simultaneously, so that the uniformity of the nitrogen entering the grain pile is improved.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

the method for storing the grain in the barrel type storehouse can flexibly select a proper storage process according to the actual grain storage condition, effectively improves the grain storage quality, can independently operate the internal circulation control temperature, fumigation and air conditioning storage, effectively ensures the grain storage quality, reduces the storage energy consumption and has low operation cost;

different processes share one set of integrated system, the system integration level is high, the implementation is convenient, the cost is low, the system operation is convenient, and the installation and maintenance are convenient.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a method for storing cylindrical grains in a barn;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the internal circulation temperature control;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of fumigation;

figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of modified atmosphere storage.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

According to the cylindrical grain storage method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the internal circulation temperature control, fumigation and air conditioning storage are integrally integrated and associated with each other, an optimal grain storage mode can be implemented according to the current environmental condition and grain condition, the grain storage quality is effectively improved, and the grain storage energy consumption and cost are reduced.

A cylinder type grain storage method mainly comprises an inner circulation temperature control process, a fumigation process and a nitrogen gas conditioning process, wherein the inner circulation temperature control process, the fumigation process and the nitrogen gas conditioning process are alternatively implemented, and an appropriate storage process is selected according to the external environment conditions such as the geographical position, the temperature and the humidity of a grain bin, the grain storage condition and the like, so that the grain storage quality is effectively improved, and the storage energy consumption is reduced;

the inner circular flow temperature control process mainly comprises the steps of monitoring the temperature in the granary in the space above the grain stack in the granary, when the temperature in the granary is larger than or equal to a preset temperature value, simultaneously pumping out the cold quantity of the cold core of the granary from a plurality of ventilation openings arranged at the lower part of the granary, inputting the cold quantity into the space above the top of the granary, forming descending airflow in the granary, cooling the top of the granary by utilizing the cold quantity of the cold core of the granary, effectively improving the utilization rate of the cold quantity, reducing the storage energy consumption, and stopping the granary when the temperature in the granary is smaller than or equal to a second

The fumigation process mainly comprises the steps that after the top surface of a grain stack is applied with pesticide, the pesticide generates fumigation gas, the fumigation gas in the space above the top of the grain stack is extracted from the upper part of the grain stack, then the fumigation gas is simultaneously introduced to the bottom of the grain stack from a plurality of ventilation openings arranged at the lower part of the grain stack, upward airflow is formed in the grain stack, the fumigation gas flows upward in the grain stack, the concentration of the pesticide in the air in the grain stack reaches a uniform state after circulating for a proper time, the fumigation process is stopped after the fumigation time reaches a preset time, the concentration of the fumigation gas in the grain stack is detected in real time in the implementation process of the fumigation process, the pesticide is supplemented in time, the concentration of the fumigation gas in the grain stack is ensured to reach the requirement, and the;

the nitrogen gas regulating process includes filling nitrogen gas into the bottom of the grain pile from several air vents in the lower part of the grain bin, exhausting the gas from the space over the top of the grain pile, filling nitrogen gas into the grain bin in the mode of filling air from top to bottom and exhausting the gas to make the grain bin reach oxygen-poor or oxygen-free state, and stopping after the nitrogen gas concentration in the grain pile reaches the target value of nitrogen gas concentration.

In order to reduce the implementation cost and facilitate centralized management and control, an integrated system is adopted, a set of pipe network can realize the functions of internal circulation temperature control, fumigation and nitrogen gas regulation, as shown in figure 1, the integrated system mainly comprises ventilation openings 1 communicated with a ground cage at the bottom of a granary, a circulation pipeline 2 communicated to the top space of a grain pile in the granary and a gas regulation pipeline 3 used for conveying inert gas, the circulation pipeline 2 is a pipeline arranged on the outer wall of the granary, the whole is vertical, the gas regulation pipeline 3 is introduced into the top space of the grain pile in the granary from the upper part of the outer wall of the granary, the ventilation openings 1 are uniformly arranged at intervals at the bottom of the wall of a cylindrical granary, two or more than two ventilation openings 1 are converged to a collecting pipe 4 through pipelines, a branch pipeline I5 and a branch pipeline II 6 which are arranged in parallel are connected between the collecting pipe 4 and the circulation, the cylinder type grain storage method is characterized in that an inner circular flow fan 51 with an air inlet communicated with the vent 1 and an air outlet communicated with the circulating pipeline 2 is arranged on the branch pipeline one 5, a fumigating fan 61 with an air inlet communicated with the circulating pipeline 2 and an air outlet communicated with the vent 1 is arranged on the branch pipeline two 6, the air-conditioning pipeline 3 is connected to the collecting pipe 4 and further communicated with the vent 1, a branch pipeline three 7 communicated with the circulating pipeline 2 is further arranged on the cylinder type grain storage method, the branch pipeline three 7 is specifically connected to the branch pipeline two 6, the branch pipeline three 7 is communicated with the circulating pipeline 2 through the branch pipeline two 6, and an exhaust fan 71 with an air inlet communicated with the circulating pipeline 2 and an air outlet communicated with the outside is arranged on the branch pipeline three 7;

the modified atmosphere pipeline 3, the branch pipeline one 5, the branch pipeline two 6 and the branch pipeline three 7 are respectively provided with a valve, specifically, the branch pipeline one 5 is provided with a butterfly valve one 52 positioned on one side of an inlet of the inner circulation fan 51 and a butterfly valve two 53 positioned on one side of an outlet of the inner circulation fan 51, the branch pipeline two 6 is provided with a butterfly valve three 62 positioned on one side of an inlet of the fumigation fan 61 and a butterfly valve four 63 positioned on one side of an outlet of the fumigation fan 61, the branch pipeline three 7 is provided with a butterfly valve five 72 positioned on one side of an inlet of the exhaust fan 71, and the modified atmosphere pipeline 3 is provided with a ball valve 31.

The pipeline between the ventilation opening 1 and the collecting pipe 4 comprises a ground part and an underground embedded part, and the ground part is provided with a heat insulation layer to reduce heat exchange with the outside when airflow flows along the pipeline between the ventilation opening and the collecting pipe; the circulating pipeline 2, the branch pipeline I5 and the branch pipeline II 6 are made of heat insulation pipelines, each heat insulation pipeline comprises an inner layer, an intermediate heat insulation layer and an outer layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside along the radial direction, the inner layer is a PVC pipe, the outer layer is a stainless steel pipe, the intermediate heat insulation layer can be a polyurethane foaming layer, the structural strength is high, the service life is long, the heat insulation effect is good, the heat exchange between air flow conveyed along the pipelines and the outside is reduced, and the energy consumption of grain storage is reduced; the branch pipeline III 7 is made of stainless steel pipes, the controlled atmosphere pipeline 3 comprises a ground part and an underground part, the ground part is made of stainless steel pipes, the underground part is made of PPR pipes, the controlled atmosphere pipeline 3 is communicated with nitrogen making equipment, namely, nitrogen is used for controlled atmosphere storage, and the nitrogen generated by the nitrogen making equipment is communicated to the top space of a grain pile in the granary along the controlled atmosphere pipeline 3; the inner circulation fan 51 and the fumigation fan 61 are provided with heat insulation layers, so that heat exchange with the outside during working is reduced, and the utilization sufficiency of the cold quantity of the cold core of the grain pile is improved.

The power of the fumigation fan 61 is less than that of the inner circulation fan 51, the airflow direction during the inner circulation temperature control treatment is opposite to that during the fumigation treatment, the airflow inside the grain pile is descending airflow during the inner circulation temperature control treatment, and the gas can be pressed into the grain pile and flows downwards only by the larger fan power; when fumigation is carried out, under the action of a fumigation fan 61, fumigation gas in the top space of the grain pile descends along a circulating pipeline, then enters the bottom of the grain pile from an air vent, and finally flows from bottom to top in the grain pile, namely, the gas flow in the grain pile is ascending gas flow, the ascending flow of the gas flow in the grain pile is easier than the descending flow, the required wind pressure is smaller, phosphine is adopted during fumigation, the phosphine has deflagration property, if the gas flow direction which is the same as the temperature of the inner-ring flow control is adopted, the gas pressure at the top of the bin is larger due to the blockage of grains, the energy accumulation of the top of the bin is caused, the bin is easy to deflagrate, the gas tightness of the top of the bin is poorer, the condition that phosphine gas escapes from the top of the bin due to the increase of the gas pressure at the top of the bin can be increased, the waste of chemicals can be caused, the environment is polluted simultaneously, and the gas flow in the grain pile during fumigation, the effect is safe and the efficiency is high;

the power of the exhaust fan 71 is also smaller than that of the inner circulation fan 51, the exhaust fan 71 is used for controlled atmosphere storage, and the controlled atmosphere storage only needs nitrogen to fill the granary and does not need to form continuous flowing stable airflow in the grain bulk, so that the air quantity and the air pressure required by the controlled atmosphere storage are small, and the exhaust fan only needs a low-power fan;

therefore, the power of the fumigation fan 61 and the exhaust fan 71 only needs to be smaller than that of the inner circulation fan 51, so that the construction and implementation cost can be reduced, and the operation power consumption during fumigation and controlled atmosphere storage can also be reduced, in the embodiment, the power of the inner circulation fan 51 is 3Kw, the power of the fumigation fan 61 is 0.75Kw, and the power of the exhaust fan 71 is 0.33 Kw.

Internal circulation temperature control:

in the place relatively north of the geographic position, can obtain more cold-stored volume in the course of storing in winter, in summer, the top temperature of the grain pile is higher, and the bottom of the grain pile, central area are the cold heart with lower temperature, can control the temperature through the temperature control technology of inner loop flow, utilize the cold energy of the cold heart of the grain pile to lower the temperature to the top of the grain pile, can guarantee the quality of stored grain effectively, and reduce the energy consumption that the stored grain needs effectively, utilize the above-mentioned integrated system to control the temperature technology of inner loop flow, when the temperature is greater than or equal to 22 degrees centigrade low-temperature storehouse is 22 degrees centigrade, if it is the accurate low-temperature storehouse, open inner loop flow fan 51, butterfly valve first 52 and butterfly valve second 53; closing the fumigation fan 61, the exhaust fan 71, the butterfly valve III 62, the butterfly valve IV 63, the butterfly valve V72 and the ball valve 31;

as shown in fig. 2, the cold energy of the cold core of the grain pile is simultaneously pumped out from a plurality of ventilation openings by the inner circulation fan 51, the cold energy is introduced into the circulation pipeline 2 along the path of the collecting pipe and the branch pipeline I and then flows upwards along the circulation pipeline 2, namely, the circulation pipeline 2 is an uplink air flow, then the cold energy is introduced into the top space of the grain pile in the grain bin, then the cold energy enters the top surface of the grain pile to effectively cool the top surface of the grain pile, negative pressure can be formed at the bottom of the grain pile due to the fact that the inner circulation fan 51 pumps out the air at the bottom of the grain pile, and then top-down air flow is formed inside the grain pile, namely, the down air flow is formed inside the grain pile, and finally, the inner circulation temperature control is realized, the cold energy consumption is reduced while the grain storage quality is ensured, and the energy is saved and the environment.

Fumigating:

when the grains in the grain bin have insect pests, firstly, the pesticide is applied to the top surface of the grain pile, the pesticide adopts phosphine tablets, the pesticide generates phosphine gas in the space at the top of the grain pile, at the moment, a film can be covered on the top of the grain pile for sealing, the circulating pipeline 2 is communicated to the space between the top of the grain pile and the film, the pesticide is applied to the top surface of the grain pile under the film, and the pesticide generates the phosphine gas in the space between the top of the grain pile and the film;

when the integrated system is used for phosphine circulation fumigation, the fumigation fan 61, the butterfly valve III 62 and the butterfly valve IV 63 are started, the inner circulation fan 51, the butterfly valve I52, the butterfly valve II 53, the exhaust fan 71, the butterfly valve V72 and the ball valve 31 are closed, gas sampling points are arranged in the barrel type bin to collect concentration information of fumigation gas, the gas sampling points can be uniformly arranged at the center and the circumferential direction of the barrel type bin at intervals, and the fumigation gas is timely supplemented when the concentration of the fumigation gas is reduced, so that the concentration of the fumigation gas in the bin can meet the requirement, and the pest killing effect is ensured;

as shown in fig. 3, phosphine gas above the top of the grain pile is pumped out along the circulation pipeline 2 by the fumigation fan 61, so that the phosphine gas flows downwards along the circulation pipeline 2, namely, downward air flow is in the circulation pipeline 2, then the phosphine gas enters the collecting pipe 4 through the branch pipeline two 6, then the phosphine gas is divided into a plurality of ventilation openings and enters the bottom of the grain pile in the grain bin, the phosphine gas flows from bottom to top in the grain pile, namely, upward air flow is in the grain pile, the phosphine gas fully kills the grains when flowing through the grain pile, the upward air flow can improve the uniform sufficiency of fumigation, finally the phosphine gas flows upwards to the space above the top of the grain pile, circulation fumigation is realized, and the circulation fumigation mode in the air flow direction effectively avoids the fumigation gas from accumulating in the upper space of the grain pile to cause the risk of burning explosion, the fumigation gas is effectively prevented from overflowing due to overlarge accumulated pressure in the upper space of the grain pile, the waste of the medicament is reduced, and the environmental pollution is avoided.

Modified atmosphere storage:

nitrogen is introduced into a grain pile of the grain bin, the oxygen content in the grain bin is manually adjusted to achieve the aims of lacking oxygen or oxygen, preventing the metabolic activity of harmful organisms, controlling the breeding and spreading of insect pests, inhibiting the propagation of mold, reducing the respiration and physiological metabolic strength of grains and delaying the ageing of the quality of the grains;

when the integrated system is used for air-conditioned storage, the exhaust fan 71, the butterfly valve five 72, the butterfly valve three 62 and the ball valve 31 are started; closing the inner annular flow fan 51, the first butterfly valve 52, the second butterfly valve 53, the fumigation fan 61 and the fourth butterfly valve 63;

as shown in fig. 4, a mode of lower inflation and upper gap exhaust is adopted, nitrogen generated by nitrogen making equipment is introduced into a collecting pipe along an air-conditioning pipeline 3, then is divided into a plurality of air vents from the collecting pipe 4 and then simultaneously enters the bottom of a grain stack in a grain bin, air in the grain stack is upwards extruded out of the top surface of the grain stack by the nitrogen and enters a space above the top of the grain stack, the air flows along a path of a circulating pipeline 2, a branch pipeline two 6 and a branch pipeline three 7 under the action of an exhaust fan 71 and is finally outwards exhausted by the exhaust fan 71, so that the nitrogen enters the grain stack and replaces the air, the purposes of controlling insect pests, reducing the breathing and physiological metabolic strength of the grain and the like are achieved, specifically, the nitrogen generated by the nitrogen making equipment is firstly introduced into the grain bin from the air vents at the bottom of the grain bin, at the moment, the exhaust fan 71 does not work firstly, outwards drafts and exhausts air, when the air pressure in the grain, the exhaust fan 71 starts to work again to exhaust gas from the top of the granary, in the exhaust process, nitrogen is continuously introduced into the granary, when the air pressure in the granary is reduced to be about 50Pa higher than the external air pressure, the exhaust fan 71 stops exhausting, the above processes are repeated until the concentration of the nitrogen in the granary reaches a target value, the exhaust fan and a ball valve on the air-conditioning pipeline are closed to finish the whole inflation process, and when the concentration of the nitrogen is lower than a preset minimum value, the complete process is carried out in time, so that the grain storage quality is guaranteed.

The controlled atmosphere storage is usually suitable for the area close to the south of the geographical position, for the insect-free grains, the nitrogen is filled when the temperature of the top layer of the grain pile reaches 25 ℃, and the nitrogen concentration in the grain pile is maintained to be 90-95 percent;

and (3) filling nitrogen into the insect-killing grains until the nitrogen concentration in the grain stack reaches 98% or more, maintaining for 28 days or more for full insect killing treatment, and maintaining the natural attenuation of the nitrogen concentration in the grain stack after insect killing.

The inner circulation fan, the fumigation fan, the exhaust fan, the first butterfly valve, the second butterfly valve, the third butterfly valve, the fourth butterfly valve, the fifth butterfly valve, the ball valve and the like of the integrated system are controlled by the main controller in a centralized manner, the switching operation of the inner circulation temperature control, the fumigation, the air-conditioned storage and the water-retaining ventilation function in winter can be automatically realized according to the environmental conditions and the grain storage conditions after the parameters are set, the automation degree is high, the manual intervention is not needed, and the manual labor intensity is reduced.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.