阅读说明：本技术 一种高效电脱盐脱水设备 (High-efficient electric desalting and dewatering equipment ) 是由 张鸿勋 于 2019-12-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种高效电脱盐脱水设备,包括罐体、三相供电电源、以及竖挂式电极板。所述罐体接地,罐体上设有进油管、出油管、排水管,罐体内设有进油分配器、出油集合器、反冲洗系统。本发明提供的高效电脱盐脱水设备,在电脱盐后原油含盐量一般不大于3mg/L,含水量不大于0.2％,排水含油量不大于150mg/L,对于密度大、杂质含量高,油水乳化液破乳脱水困难的原油,采用本发明的方案,能够更好地改善脱盐效果和排水带油的情况。(The invention provides high-efficiency electric desalting and dewatering equipment which comprises a tank body, a three-phase power supply and a vertical-hanging type electrode plate. The tank body is grounded, an oil inlet pipe, an oil outlet pipe and a water discharge pipe are arranged on the tank body, and an oil inlet distributor, an oil outlet collector and a back washing system are arranged in the tank body. The high-efficiency electric desalting and dewatering equipment provided by the invention has the advantages that the salt content of crude oil after electric desalting is generally not more than 3mg/L, the water content is not more than 0.2%, the oil content of discharged water is not more than 150mg/L, and the scheme of the invention can better improve the desalting effect and the condition of oil-carrying discharged water for the crude oil with high density, high impurity content and difficult demulsification and dewatering of oil-water emulsion.)

1. The high-efficiency electric desalting and dewatering equipment is characterized by comprising an alternating current power supply (8), a tank body (1) arranged in a grounding mode and a vertical-hanging type electrode plate positioned in the tank body (1);

the vertical hanging type electrode plates comprise a plurality of first electrode plates and a plurality of second electrode plates, the first electrode plates and the second electrode plates are arranged in a staggered mode, and the first electrode plates and the second electrode plates are connected with the output end of an alternating current power supply (8) through a transfer switch (9) based on a lead respectively.

2. The apparatus of claim 1,

the alternating current power supply (8) is a three-phase power supply, the three-phase power supply is a high-voltage explosion-proof transformer special for electric desalting and dewatering, and the output voltage of the high-voltage explosion-proof transformer is any one or more of 13KV, 16KV, 19KV, 22KV, 25KV, 28KV, 34KV and 40 KV.

3. The apparatus of claim 1,

the oil tank is characterized in that the tank body (1) is provided with an oil inlet pipe (5), an oil outlet pipe (7) and a water outlet pipe (6), and an oil inlet distributor (10), an oil outlet collector and a back washing system are arranged in the tank body (1).

4. The apparatus of claim 1,

the lower part of the vertical hanging type electrode plate is provided with a filler layer (4) made of glass fiber, the thickness of the filler layer is 5-20 mm, the diameter of a glass fiber monofilament is 10-30 mu m, and the length of the glass fiber monofilament is 0.5-20 mm.

5. The apparatus of claim 1,

the vertical hanging type electrode plate is one or more of a smooth steel plate or a ribbed steel plate;

the shape of the ribs on the ribbed steel plate is any one or more of straight lines or corrugated lines;

the linear rib interval is 100-800 mm.

6. The apparatus of claim 1,

the surface of the vertical-hanging type electrode plate is coated with an organic composite coating with electric conduction and corrosion resistance.

7. The apparatus of claim 1,

the first electrode plates and the second electrode plates are respectively arranged in a grounding mode through grounding switches.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of crude oil pretreatment in petrochemical industry, in particular to high-efficiency electric desalting and dewatering equipment.

Background

The metal salt compounds contained in the crude oil cause corrosion of subsequent processing units and poisoning of catalysts of secondary processing units, so that the crude oil needs to be subjected to an electric desalting device to remove salts contained in the crude oil before being processed in an oil refinery. At present, the oil refineries at home and abroad are basically horizontal electric desalting equipment, and the adopted electrode forms mainly comprise a horizontal plate type electrode and a vertical suspension electrode. Due to different power supplies, an alternating current electric field, an alternating current-direct current electric field, a pulse electric field, a high-frequency electric field and the like can be formed in the electric desalting and dewatering tank. Washing water and crude oil are mixed through a mixer or/and a mixing valve to form an oil-water mixed material, the oil-water mixed material enters the tank body from the lower part of the electric desalting tank body, desalting and dewatering are carried out through an electric field, the desalted crude oil is discharged from the upper part of the tank body, and the washing water is deposited on the lower part of the tank body and is discharged from a water discharge port at the bottom of the tank body after certain residence time. Along with the obvious deterioration trend of crude oil, the crude oil has high density and high impurity content, and oil-water emulsion in the tank is seriously accumulated and difficult to break emulsion, so that the crude oil electric desalting and dewatering device is unstable in operation and poor in desalting and dewatering effects.

Chinese patent CN2192368Y discloses a high-efficiency electric desalting and dewatering device, which adopts a vertical suspension grid electrode plate and a tube-row type crude oil inlet distributor, wherein the tube-row type crude oil distributor is located in the water phase at the lower part of an electric desalting tank, and the transformer adopts a special electric desalting and dewatering transformer integrating explosion-proof full-impedance rectification. The oil-water mixture enters the electric desalting tank from the water phase and is uniformly distributed in the tank, and then sequentially enters the alternating current weak electric field area and the direct current strong electric field area. The oil-water mixture is separated from water under the action of an electric field in the tank, the salt compounds in the crude oil are discharged from the bottom of the tank along with sewage, and the purified crude oil passes through a collector discharge device at the top of the tank. When the processing raw materials nature is relatively poor or change, lead to the thickening of jar interior profit emulsification layer easily, influence the stability of hanging plate electrode bottom and the oil water interfacial electric field of erectting to reduce desalination dehydration efficiency to cause the great problem of water drainage area oil mass.

Chinese patent CN2464729Y discloses a high-speed electric desalting and dewatering device, which comprises a tank body, three layers of horizontal electrode plates, a special ac power supply and a horizontal oil inlet distributor. The horizontal oil inlet distributor nozzles are positioned in a lower electric field formed by the two lower electrode plates and a part, close to the electrode plates, of the lower part of the lowest electrode plate, oil-water mixed materials are uniformly sprayed into a high-voltage electric field and a weak electric field formed by the oil-water interface of the lowest electrode plate from the horizontal oil inlet distributor, most of large water drops are removed by using the weak electric field, the conductivity of crude oil is reduced, and then the fine water drops are removed by using the high-voltage strong electric field. Because the oil-water mixture is directly sprayed between the two lower electrode plates, the electric field between the lower electrode plates is easy to be unstable, and the desalting and dewatering effects are affected. Meanwhile, because the retention time of the raw materials in the high-speed electric desalting and dewatering equipment is short, emulsion at an oil-water interface is not easy to be completely demulsified, so that the drainage of the equipment is carried with oil, thereby causing resource waste and environmental pollution.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a high-efficiency electric desalting and dewatering device which can accelerate the emulsion breaking and separation of oil-water emulsion in an electric desalting and dewatering tank, stabilize the electric field between electrode plates in the tank, improve the emulsion breaking and dewatering efficiency and ensure good desalting and dewatering rate.

A high-efficiency electric desalting and dewatering device comprises an alternating current power supply, a tank body arranged in a grounding manner, and a vertical hanging type electrode plate positioned in the tank body;

the vertical hanging type electrode plates comprise a plurality of first electrode plates and a plurality of second electrode plates, the first electrode plates and the second electrode plates are arranged in a staggered mode, and the first electrode plates and the second electrode plates are connected with the output end of the alternating current power supply through the change-over switch based on a wire respectively.

Further, the method comprises

The alternating current power supply is a three-phase power supply, the three-phase power supply is a high-voltage explosion-proof transformer special for electric desalting and dewatering, and the output voltage of the high-voltage explosion-proof transformer is any one or more of 13KV, 16KV, 19KV, 22KV, 25KV, 28KV, 34KV and 40 KV.

Further, the method comprises

The tank body is provided with an oil inlet pipe, an oil outlet pipe and a water discharge pipe, and the tank body is internally provided with an oil inlet distributor, an oil outlet collector and a back washing system.

Further, the method comprises

The lower part of the vertical hanging type electrode plate is provided with a filler layer made of glass fiber, the thickness of the filler layer is 5-20 mm, the diameter of a glass fiber monofilament is 10-30 mu m, and the length of the glass fiber monofilament is 0.5-20 mm.

Further, the method comprises

The vertical hanging type electrode plate is one or more of a smooth steel plate or a ribbed steel plate;

the shape of the ribs on the ribbed steel plate is any one or more of straight lines or corrugated lines;

the linear rib interval is 100-800 mm.

Further, the method comprises

The surface of the vertical-hanging type electrode plate is coated with an organic composite coating with electric conduction and corrosion resistance.

Further, in the above-mentioned case,

the first electrode plates and the second electrode plates are respectively arranged in a grounding mode through grounding switches.

The invention has the following effects:

because the lower part of the vertically hung electrode plate in the electric desalting and dewatering tank is provided with the packing layer made of glass fiber materials, the glass fiber is an inorganic non-metallic material with excellent performance, and can ensure that the electric desalting and dewatering tank has good hydrophilic performance. When the oil-water mixture passes through the glass fiber filler, the oil-water balance of the oil-water emulsion is broken, so that oil and water are separated, and the oil-water separation efficiency is improved. The thickness of an oil-water emulsion layer at an oil-water interface can be reduced, so that the oil content in the sewage discharged by equipment is reduced; meanwhile, the vertically-hung type electrode plate is a ribbed steel plate, so that after small water drops in crude oil are coalesced under the action of an electric field, the small water drops are easy to settle downwards along ribs on the electrode plate, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that the electrode plate is punctured due to the fact that a large amount of coalesced water drops are attached to the surface of the electrode plate is avoided, the electric field intensity between the electrode plates is favorably stabilized, and the crude oil desalting and dewatering effect is enhanced. And because the electrode plates are divided into two groups, and the two groups of electrode plates can be connected with the high-voltage transformer, when the high-voltage electrode plates are connected in the operation of the equipment and have faults, high-voltage conversion can be carried out, the grounding electrode plates are converted into the high-voltage transformer, and the fault electrode plates are grounded, so that the stability of the electric field intensity between the electrode plates can be improved, the shutdown maintenance can be avoided, and the service cycle of the device is prolonged. The organic composite coating coated on the surface of the electrode plate has the conductive and anti-corrosion properties, so that the surface of the steel plate has better and more uniform conductivity, and the stability of an electric field between the electrode plates can be enhanced. Through the mode, when the high-efficiency electric desalting and dehydrating device provided by the invention works, the salt content of crude oil after electric desalting is generally not more than 3mg/L, the water content is not more than 0.2%, and the oil content of discharged water is not more than 150 mg/L. The scheme of the invention can better improve the desalting effect and the drainage and oil carrying conditions for the crude oil with high density, high impurity content and difficult demulsification and dehydration of oil-water emulsion.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a high efficiency electric desalting and dewatering apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the high efficiency electric desalting and dewatering apparatus;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of an electrical connection system of the high-efficiency electro-desalting and dewatering device.

Reference numerals:

1. a tank body; 2. a first set of electrode plates; 3. a second set of electrode plates; 4. a filler layer made of glass fiber; 5. an oil inlet pipe; 6. a drain pipe; 7. an oil outlet pipe; 8. an alternating current power supply; 9. a transfer switch; 10. an oil inlet distributor; 11. a crude oil collector; 12. an oil-water interface; 13. a manhole.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.

The embodiment of the invention provides a high-efficiency electric desalting and dewatering device, which comprises an alternating current power supply 8, a tank body 1 arranged in a grounding mode and a vertical hanging type electrode plate positioned in the tank body 1, as shown in figures 1 and 2; the vertical hanging type electrode plates comprise a plurality of first electrode plates and a plurality of second electrode plates, the first electrode plates and the second electrode plates are arranged in a staggered mode, and the first electrode plates and the second electrode plates are connected with the output end of the alternating current power supply 8 through the change-over switch 9 based on a lead respectively. Wherein the plurality of first electrode plates form a first group of electrode plates 2, and the plurality of second electrode plates form a second group of electrode plates 3. And the vertical hanging type electrode plate is positioned on the upper part of the middle part of the electric desalting and dewatering tank and is a solid steel plate, and the size of the vertical hanging type electrode plate is selected to be proper according to the size of the tank body 1. The two sides of the high-efficiency electric desalting and dewatering equipment are also provided with manholes 13, and the manholes 13 are used for workers to enter the tank for construction.

As shown in fig. 3, a change-over switch 9 is arranged between the ac power supply 8 and the first electrode plate and the second electrode plates, when the first group of electrode plates 2 fails during the operation of the device, the second group of electrode plates 3 can be connected to the high-voltage output end of the high-voltage explosion-proof transformer by adjusting the change-over switch 99, and the first group of electrode plates 2 and the tank 11 are grounded, so that the normal power transmission of the device is realized.

An oil-water mixture oil inlet pipe 5 and a water outlet pipe 6 are arranged on the tank wall at the bottom of the tank body 1, and an electric desalting and dewatering crude oil outlet pipe 7 is arranged on the tank wall at the top of the tank body 1. The external part of the tank body 1 is provided with a three-phase power supply. The middle part of the tank body 1 is provided with vertical hanging type electrode plates which are parallel to each other and are arranged in the electric desalting tank in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the axis of the tank body 1. The distance between every two electrode plates is 150mm, and the height of the electrode plates is 300 mm.

In one embodiment, the ac power supply 8 is a three-phase power supply, the three-phase power supply is a high-voltage explosion-proof transformer dedicated for electric desalting and dewatering, and the output voltage of the high-voltage explosion-proof transformer is any one or more of 13KV, 16KV, 19KV, 22KV, 25KV, 28KV, 34KV and 40 KV.

In one embodiment, a packing layer 4 made of glass fiber is disposed at the lower part of the vertical hanging type electrode plate, the thickness of the packing layer is 5-20 mm, the diameter of the glass fiber monofilament is 10-30 μm, and the length of the glass fiber monofilament is 0.5-20 mm.

In one embodiment, the vertically hung electrode plate is any one or more of a smooth steel plate or a ribbed steel plate, and is preferably a ribbed steel plate. The rib shape on the ribbed steel plate is any one or more of straight line or corrugated line, preferably the linear type, and the linear type rib interval is 100-800 mm. The surface of the vertical-hanging type electrode plate is coated with an organic composite coating with electric conduction and corrosion resistance. The first electrode plates and the second electrode plates are respectively arranged in a grounding mode through grounding switches.

The working process of the high-efficiency electric desalting and dewatering equipment provided by the invention is as follows:

the salt-containing and water-containing crude oil, a quantitative demulsifier and washing water are mixed by a mixer, then enter an oil inlet distributor through an oil inlet pipe, are uniformly distributed by the oil inlet distributor, then enter a tank body, flow upwards, pass through an oil-water interface 12, then pass through a glass fiber filler 4, enter high-voltage electric fields of a first group of electrode plates 2 and a second group of electrode plates 3, and in the high-voltage electric fields, small water drops are polarized by the electric fields, then are coalesced into large water drops, and then are settled and separated downwards. The water droplets collected on the first and second sets of electrode plates 2 and 3 also simultaneously settle down along the ribs on the electrode plates. The crude oil with water removed continues to flow upwards, and the desalted and dehydrated purified crude oil flows through the crude oil collector 11 and finally flows out of the electric desalting tank 1 through the oil outlet pipe 7. The salt-containing water drops coalesced in the electric field are settled downwards under the action of gravity, a small amount of oil-water emulsion contained in the sewage is demulsified again through the glass fiber filler 4 in the settling process, so that oil and water are separated, the salt-containing water drops are deposited in a water layer below an oil-water interface 12, and the sewage in the water layer is finally discharged through a drain pipe 6.

The high-efficiency electric desalting and dewatering equipment can be used for electric desalting and dewatering devices of oil refineries, land oil fields and offshore oil fields, and the rest structures of the electric desalting and dewatering tank are basically the same as those of the conventional electric desalting and dewatering equipment by adopting the high-efficiency electric desalting and dewatering equipment, such as the arrangement of an oil inlet pipe 5, an oil inlet distributor 10, an oil outlet pipe 7, an oil outlet collector, a water outlet pipe 6, a back flushing system and the like. The operation process and the operation parameters (such as water injection quantity, demulsifier application, operation temperature, operation pressure, oil-water mixing strength, interface control and the like) of the high-efficiency electric desalting and dewatering equipment are basically the same as those of the conventional electric desalting and dewatering equipment.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.