阅读说明：本技术 一种宽角扫描的毫米波阵列天线 (Wide-angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna ) 是由 何宇奇 吕思涵 赵鲁豫 刘锋 于 2021-03-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种宽角扫描的毫米波阵列天线,包括：辐射天线阵列和周期性金属覆层结构；辐射天线阵列包括至少一个宽带谐振的天线单元；周期性金属覆层结构设置在辐射天线阵列的上方,是由相同介电常数的介质层和周期性排列的金属图案组成的夹杂材料；周期性金属覆层结构与辐射天线阵列之间保持一定距离。通过在辐射天线阵列上方设置周期性金属覆层结构,调节覆层结构距离阵列天线的高度和周期性金属材料的特性,可以极大程度的展宽天线单元的辐射方向图,以提高整个天线阵列的波束扫描角度,同时也提升了天线单元之间的隔离度和天线阵列的增益；同时,天线的设计工艺简单,成本较低,结构稳定,加工技术成熟,良品率高,适合大规模量产。(The invention discloses a millimeter wave array antenna with wide-angle scanning, which comprises: a radiating antenna array and a periodic metal cladding structure; the radiating antenna array comprises at least one broadband resonant antenna element; the periodic metal coating structure is arranged above the radiation antenna array and is an inclusion material consisting of dielectric layers with the same dielectric constant and periodically arranged metal patterns; the periodic metal cladding structure keeps a certain distance from the radiation antenna array. By arranging the periodic metal coating structure above the radiation antenna array and adjusting the height of the coating structure from the array antenna and the characteristics of the periodic metal material, the radiation pattern of the antenna unit can be widened to a great extent, so that the beam scanning angle of the whole antenna array is improved, and the isolation between the antenna units and the gain of the antenna array are improved; meanwhile, the antenna is simple in design process, low in cost, stable in structure, mature in processing technology, high in yield and suitable for large-scale mass production.)

1. A wide-angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna, comprising: a radiating antenna array and a periodic metal cladding structure;

the radiating antenna array comprises at least one broadband resonant antenna element;

the periodic metal coating structure is arranged above the radiation antenna array and is made of a mixed material consisting of dielectric layers with the same dielectric constant and metal patterns which are arranged periodically;

the periodic metal cladding structure is spaced from the radiating antenna array.

2. The wide angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the periodically arranged metal pattern includes periodically arranged square metal pieces.

3. The wide angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna elements are designed in an E-shaped configuration.

4. The wide-angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 3, wherein the lower portion of the radiation antenna array comprises a first dielectric substrate, a first metal ground layer, a second dielectric substrate, and a second metal ground layer in this order;

the second medium substrate is provided with a metalized through hole;

the second metal formation is used for welding a test joint, and the test joint is used for connecting test equipment.

5. The wide angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 4, further comprising a feed post;

one end of the feed column is connected with the antenna unit, sequentially penetrates through the first dielectric substrate, the first metal stratum and the second dielectric substrate, and the other end of the feed column is connected with a welding position of a test joint on the second metal stratum.

6. The wide angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 5, wherein the feed post is connected to an end of a middle projection of the E-shaped structure antenna element.

7. The wide-angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein fixing structures are disposed at corners of the radiating antenna array and the periodic metal cladding structure, and the fixing structures are used for keeping the positions of the radiating antenna array and the periodic metal cladding structure relatively fixed and adjustable in height.

8. The wide-angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna of claim 7, wherein the fixing structure comprises a protruding portion of a dielectric layer of the periodic metal cladding structure and a protruding portion of a dielectric substrate of the radiating antenna array, the two protruding portions are provided with mounting holes corresponding in position, and a bolt and a nut are fixed through the mounting holes.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and relates to a wide-angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna.

Background

The applied millimeter wave technology is a hot topic of academia and industry, and a globally uniform millimeter wave frequency band is determined for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) in a radio communication conference in the 2019 world (WRC-19), wherein the currently globally main 5G millimeter wave frequency bands are 24.25-27.5GHz, 37-43.5GHz, 45.5-47GHz, 47.2-48.2GHz and 66-71 GHz. In a mobile terminal, due to the Sub-6GHz antenna and the existence of a metal baffle and a screen, the space of a millimeter wave array is very limited, and therefore, higher requirements are put on a millimeter wave band wide scanning angle and miniaturized antenna array.

Along with the division of millimeter wave frequency bands in the field of mobile communication, more and more scholars begin to design millimeter wave antennas, but due to the limitation of millimeter wave antenna units, the requirements of the field of communication cannot be well met, so that the unit antenna array needs to be constructed, and along with the introduction of array antennas, the phase scanning capability of the antenna array becomes an important technical index in mobile terminal communication; because a simple array antenna cannot meet the requirement of a millimeter wave terminal on wide-angle scanning, the existing millimeter wave array antenna adopts different methods to improve the phase scanning angle. To achieve wide angle scanning performance, there are two key factors: the small cell spacing and the wide cell pattern require that the cell spacing in the array antenna must be relatively small, otherwise, grating lobes are generated during scanning, but the small spacing generates a coupling phenomenon between antenna cells, which causes the performance of the array antenna to be deteriorated, and how to realize wide-angle scanning of the array antenna in a small volume becomes a problem which is considered to be important for designing millimeter wave array antennas.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: the millimeter wave array antenna with wide-angle scanning is provided, and the wide-angle scanning of the array antenna is realized in a small volume.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a wide angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna comprising: a radiating antenna array and a periodic metal cladding structure; the radiating antenna array comprises at least one broadband resonant antenna element; the periodic metal coating structure is arranged above the radiation antenna array and is made of a mixed material consisting of dielectric layers with the same dielectric constant and metal patterns which are arranged periodically; the periodic metal cladding structure is spaced from the radiating antenna array.

The periodic metal coating structure is arranged above the radiation antenna array, and is a mixed material consisting of medium layers with the same dielectric constant and periodically arranged metals, so that the effective dielectric constant of the mixed material is much larger than that of a main substrate of the radiation antenna array in an extremely wide frequency range, and the radiation pattern of an antenna unit can be greatly expanded by adjusting the height of the coating structure from the array antenna and the characteristics of the periodic metal material, so that the beam scanning angle of the whole antenna array is improved, the isolation between the antenna units and the gain of the antenna are improved, and the high isolation and wide angle scanning performance can be realized at the same time by using a smaller size; meanwhile, the antenna is simple in design process, low in cost, stable in structure, mature in processing technology, high in yield and suitable for large-scale mass production.

The further technical scheme is as follows: the periodically arranged metal pattern comprises periodically arranged square metal sheets.

The structure of the square metal sheet is simple to manufacture, the radiation pattern of the antenna units can be widened by the periodically arranged square metal sheets, the antenna gain is improved, and the isolation between the antenna units is improved, so that the distance between the antenna units is reduced.

The further technical scheme is as follows: the antenna unit is designed into an E-shaped structure.

The antenna unit adopts an E-shaped structure, changes the trend of current by a method of grooving on the antenna unit, greatly widens the bandwidth of the antenna, and enables the antenna to cover a wider bandwidth of a millimeter wave frequency band.

The further technical scheme is as follows: the lower part of the radiation antenna array sequentially comprises a first medium substrate, a first metal stratum, a second medium substrate and a second metal stratum; the second medium substrate is provided with a metalized through hole; the second metal formation is used for welding a test joint, and the test joint is used for connecting test equipment.

Through setting up double-deck metal ground for can not influence the structure of first metal ground when array antenna connects test equipment, set up the metallization through-hole on the second dielectric substrate, make the structure of first metal ground and second metal ground have good contact, can guarantee that array antenna has complete radiation earth plate.

The further technical scheme is as follows: the feed column is also included; one end of the feed column is connected with the antenna unit, sequentially penetrates through the first dielectric substrate, the first metal stratum and the second dielectric substrate, and the other end of the feed column is connected with a welding position of a test joint on the second metal stratum.

The further technical scheme is as follows: the feed column is connected with the tail end of the middle bulge part of the E-shaped structure antenna unit.

By connecting with the end of the middle protruding portion of the E-shaped structure antenna element, the performance of the antenna can be ensured.

The further technical scheme is as follows: and fixing structures are arranged at corners of the radiation antenna array and the periodic metal cladding structure and are used for keeping the positions of the radiation antenna array and the periodic metal cladding structure relatively fixed and adjustable in height.

The positions of the radiation antenna array and the periodic metal coating structure are kept relatively fixed through the fixing structure, the periodic metal coating structure can be ensured to improve the beam scanning angle of the antenna array after the distance between the periodic metal coating structure and the radiation antenna array is adjusted, and the effect of improving the isolation between antenna units is improved.

The further technical scheme is as follows: the fixing structure comprises protruding parts of a medium layer of the periodic metal cladding structure and protruding parts of a medium substrate of the radiation antenna array, mounting holes corresponding to the protruding parts are formed in the two protruding parts, and bolts and nuts penetrate through the mounting holes to be fixed.

The protruding parts are arranged on the dielectric layer and the dielectric substrate, and the bolts and the nuts penetrate through the mounting holes of the protruding parts for fixing, so that the relative fixation of the radiation antenna array and the periodic metal cladding structure can be kept, and the distance between the radiation antenna array and the periodic metal cladding structure can be adjusted.

Drawings

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a wide angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna provided herein;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wide angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna provided herein;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of a wide angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna provided herein;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a radiating antenna array provided herein;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided herein;

fig. 6 is a top view of a wide-angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna provided in the present application.

Wherein: 1. a radiating antenna array; 11. an antenna unit; 2. a periodic metal cladding structure; 21. a dielectric layer; 22. a metal pattern; 3. a first dielectric substrate; 4. a first metal formation; 5. a second dielectric substrate; 51. metallizing the through-hole; 6. a second metal formation; 7. a feed column; 8. a bolt; 9. and a nut.

Detailed Description

Example (b): widening the operating bandwidth and improving the phase scanning capability in an array antenna system need to consider: (1) how to design the structure of the antenna unit can enable the antenna unit to realize broadband work in a smaller volume; (2) due to the complexity of the antenna array design at the present stage, a simple structure is designed to improve the phase scanning angle of the antenna array without changing the structure of the antenna unit.

In view of the above problem, the present application provides a wide-angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna, which, with reference to fig. 1 to 6, includes: a radiating antenna array 1 and a periodic metal cladding structure 2.

The radiating antenna array 1 comprises at least one broadband resonant antenna element 11.

The lower part of the radiation antenna array 1 sequentially comprises a first dielectric substrate 3, a first metal ground layer 4, a second dielectric substrate 5 and a second metal ground layer 6.

The second dielectric substrate 5 is provided with a metalized through hole 51.

The second metal formation 6 is used for welding test joints for connecting test equipment.

The wide-angle scanning millimeter wave array antenna also comprises a feed column 7; one end of the feed column 7 is connected with the antenna unit 11, sequentially penetrates through the first dielectric substrate 3, the first metal stratum 4 and the second dielectric substrate 5, and the other end of the feed column is connected with a welding part of the test joint on the second metal stratum 6.

Illustratively, the diameter of the feed post 7 (feed probe) is designed to be 0.15mm for ease of processing. In terms of both industrial processing and practical cost, the first dielectric substrate 3 and the second dielectric substrate 5 both adopt Rogers RT4350 with the industry standard thickness, and simultaneously use Rogers RO4450F as the bonding layer of the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate, and the sizes of the first dielectric substrate 3, the first metal ground/4, the second dielectric substrate 5 and the second metal ground layer 6 are consistent.

Because the millimeter wave test connector needs to be connected to the metal ground, in order to avoid damaging the metal ground connected with the antenna array, a second metal ground layer is added to the bottom of the first metal ground layer 4, the upper metal ground layer is intact, and the lower metal ground layer is used for connecting the connector for testing.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 5, the antenna unit 11 is designed in an E-shaped configuration. The current trend is changed by notching the antenna unit, the bandwidth of the antenna is widened to a great extent, and the broadband antenna can cover a relatively wide bandwidth of a millimeter wave frequency band. The E-shaped patch is used to generate a required resonant frequency, and the antenna unit 11 may be etched on the first dielectric substrate 3 as an antenna unit of an E-shaped structure.

The feed post 7 is connected to the end of the middle protruding portion of the E-shaped structure antenna element 11, and exemplarily, the circled portion in fig. 5 indicates the connection position. Optionally, the antenna unit adopts capacitive feed, and one end of the feed column 7 is connected with the antenna unit 11, and the other end is connected to the metal ground.

The periodic metal cladding structure 2 is arranged above the radiating antenna array 1 and is an inclusion material composed of a dielectric layer 21 with the same dielectric constant and a metal pattern 22 arranged periodically.

The periodic metal cladding structure 2 is designed on the top of the whole radiating antenna array 1 to improve the phase scanning capability of the antenna array, so as to provide a higher phase scanning angle for the array antenna. The periodic metal cladding structure 2 includes a dielectric substrate and a material mixture composed of periodically arranged metals, the effective dielectric constant of the material mixture is much larger than that of the main substrate of the radiation antenna array 1 in an extremely wide frequency range, the radiation pattern of the antenna unit can be greatly expanded by adjusting the height of the periodic metal cladding structure 2 from the radiation antenna array 1 (the amplitude of the reflected wave is controlled by the reflection coefficient of the surface of the periodic metal cladding structure 2, and the phase of the reflected wave is controlled by the height of the surface from the antenna unit 11) and the characteristics of the periodic metal material, and the radiation gain of the antenna is improved, so that the beam scanning angle of the whole antenna array is improved, and the isolation between the antenna units is also improved, thereby retracting the distance between the antenna units, and the radiation indexes such as the gain of the antenna array are not damaged.

Alternatively, the periodically arranged metal pattern 22 includes periodically arranged square metal pieces.

It should be noted that, in the present application, the metal pattern 22 arranged periodically is suspended above the antenna array, and the shape of the metal pattern 22, the height from the array antenna, and the dielectric constant can be changed to affect the phase scanning angle of the antenna array, and the maximum phase scanning angle can be generated by setting an appropriate value.

The periodic metal cladding structure 2 is kept at a certain distance from the radiating antenna array 1.

And fixing structures are arranged at the corners of the radiation antenna array 1 and the periodic metal cladding structure 2 and are used for keeping the positions of the radiation antenna array 1 and the periodic metal cladding structure 2 relatively fixed and adjustable in height.

Optionally, the fixing structure includes protruding portions of the dielectric layers of the periodic metal cladding structure 2 and protruding portions of the dielectric substrate of the radiation antenna array 1, mounting holes corresponding to the positions of the protruding portions are formed in the two protruding portions, and the bolt 8 and the nut 9 penetrate through the mounting holes to be fixed.

In order not to affect the working performance of the periodic metal cladding structure 2 and the radiating antenna array 1, an additional protruding part is used for connecting the periodic metal cladding structure and the radiating antenna array.

The millimeter wave array antenna capable of wide-angle scanning is applicable to millimeter wave frequency band communication of terminal equipment and used for preparing products and systems such as intelligent mobile terminals and wireless routers.

In summary, the millimeter wave array antenna with wide-angle scanning provided by the application has the advantages that the periodic metal coating structure is arranged above the radiation antenna array, and the periodic metal coating structure is made of the inclusion material consisting of the dielectric layers with the same dielectric constant and the periodically arranged metals, the inclusion material has an effective dielectric constant which is much larger than that of the main substrate of the radiation antenna array in an extremely wide frequency range, and the radiation pattern of the antenna unit can be greatly expanded by adjusting the height of the coating structure from the array antenna and the characteristics of the periodic metal material, so that the beam scanning angle of the whole antenna array is improved, the isolation between the antenna units and the gain of the antenna are improved, and the high isolation and wide-angle scanning performance can be realized at the same time by using a smaller size; meanwhile, the antenna is simple in design process, low in cost, stable in structure, mature in processing technology, high in yield and suitable for large-scale mass production.

In addition, the structure of the square metal sheet is simple to manufacture, the radiation pattern of the antenna units can be widened by the periodically arranged square metal sheets, the antenna gain is improved, the isolation between the antenna units is improved, and therefore the antenna units are retracted into the distance between the antenna units.

In addition, the antenna unit adopts an E-shaped structure, and the trend of current is changed by a method of grooving on the antenna unit, so that the bandwidth of the antenna is widened to a great extent, and the antenna can cover a relatively wide bandwidth of a millimeter wave frequency band.

In addition, the double-layer metal ground is arranged, so that the structure of the first metal ground layer is not influenced when the array antenna is connected with the test equipment, and the metallized through holes are formed in the second medium substrate, so that the first metal ground layer is in good contact with the structure of the second metal ground layer, and the array antenna can be guaranteed to have a complete radiation grounding plate.

In addition, by connecting with the end of the middle projection of the antenna unit of the E-shaped structure, the performance of the antenna can be ensured.

In addition, the positions of the radiation antenna array and the periodic metal coating structure are kept relatively fixed through the fixing structure, the periodic metal coating structure can be ensured to improve the beam scanning angle of the antenna array after the distance between the periodic metal coating structure and the radiation antenna array is adjusted, and the isolation between antenna units is improved.

In addition, the bulge parts are arranged on the dielectric layer and the dielectric substrate, and the radiation antenna array and the periodic metal cladding structure can be kept relatively fixed and the distance between the radiation antenna array and the periodic metal cladding structure can be adjusted by fixing the bulge parts through bolts and nuts which penetrate through the mounting holes of the bulge parts.

The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying a number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a defined feature of "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present application are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.

The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.